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Effectiveness and safety evaluation of graded levels of n-carbamylglutamate in growing-finishing pigs

Animal nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 412-418页

作者： Chunping Wang Lijun Shang Qiuping Guo Yehui Duan Mengmeng Han Fengna Li Yulong Yin Shiyan Qiao State Key Laboratory of Animal nutrition Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry CentreChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Beijing Bio-feed Additives Key Laboratory Beijing 100193China Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 100045China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China

The aim of this study was as follows:1)to investigate the effects of graded levels of n-carbamylglutamate(nCG)on performance,blood biochemical indexes,carcass traits and related indicators in growingfinishing pigs,and 2)to determine the optimal supplemental level.The toxicity of high-dose(much higher than recommended levels)nCG was assessed by routine blood tests and blood biochemical and histopathologic examinations of the heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney and stomach.One hundred and forty-four growing-finishing pigs(DurocLarge WhiteLandrace,32.24±1.03 kg)were used in a 74-d experiment and each treatment was replicated 6 times with 4 pigs(2 barrows and 2 gilts)per replicate.The dietary treatments were a corn-soybean meal basal diet supplemented with 0%(control),0.05%,0.1%,0.15%,0.2%or 1%nCG.The first 5 groups were used to explore the optimal supplemental level of nCG,while the control,0.1%and 1%nCG groups were used to explore the safety of high-dose nCG.Compared with the normal control group,the final body weight and average daily gain tended to be higher in the 0.1%group(P=0.08),the lean percentage tended to be higher in the 0.05%group(P=0.07),the levels of free amino acids in the blood significantly increased in the 0.1%group(Pnd 0.15%nCG supplementation increased the levels of nitric oxide(nO)in serum(P=0.07)and muscle growth-and lipid metabolism-related gene expression(Pnd nCG supplementation improved C18:1n9C monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)in a dose-dependent manner(P=0.08).In addition,routine blood tests,blood biochemical indexes and histopathological examination revealed no abnormalities.Overall,increasing the levels of nCG did not linearly improve the above indicators;the 0.1%dose showed the best effect,and a high dose(1%)did not pose a toxicity risk.

关键词： n-carbamylglutamate Growth performance Meat quality Effectiveness Safety

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Dietary n-carbamylglutamate or L-arginine improves fetal intestinal amino acid profiles during intrauterine growth restriction in undernourished ewes

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Animal nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 341-349页

作者： Hao Zhang Xiaoyun Liu Yi Zheng Ying Zhang Juan J.Loor Hongrong Wang Mengzhi Wang State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation ScienceShihezi 832000China Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety The Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Department of Animal Sciences and Division of nutritional Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA

Our previous studies demonstrated that prenatal in utero growth restriction impairs postnatal intestinal function.Thus,improving postpartal intestinal absorption capacity and growth by manipulating the maternal diet prepartum is of importance.This work was conducted to determine whether supplementation of n-carbamylglutamate(nCG)or rumen-protected L-arginine(RP-Arg)increased fetal intestinal amino acid(AA)profiles in intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)fetuses.On d 35 of gestation,Hu ewes(n=32)carrying twin fetuses were randomized into 4 groups(8 ewes and 16 fetuses in each group),where diets were as follows:100%of nutrient requirements recommended by national Research Council(nRC,2007)(COn);50%of nutrient requirements recommended by nRC(2007)(RES);RES+RPArg(20 g/d),(RES+ARG);and RES+nCG(5 g/d),(RES+nCG).On d 110 of gestation,both fetal and maternal tissues were collected and weighed.Compared with RES,solute carrier family 1,member 5(SLC1A5)was upregulated(Pn fetal jejunum,duodenum and ileum when supplementing nCG and RP-Arg.Relative to RES,RP-Arg or nCG supplementation to RES resulted in upregulation(Pnsporter 1 protein abundance within the fetal ileum.nCG or RP-Arg supplementation to RES also upregulated phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin(pmTOR)-to-mTOR ratio in the fetal ileum induced by IUGR(Png IUGR,supplementation of Arg or nCG affected intestinal AA profiles in the fetus in part through controlling mTOR signal transduction as well as AA and peptide transport.Future studies should be conducted to understand the role(if any)of the placenta on the improvement of growth and AA profiles independent of the fetal intestine.This would help demonstrate the relative contribution of intestinal uptake in fetal life.

关键词： Intrauterine growth restriction L-arginine Fetal sheep n-carbamylglutamate Intestinal amino acids

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Dietary rumen-protected L-arginine or n-carbamylglutamate enhances placental amino acid transport and suppresses angiogenesis and steroid anabolism in underfed pregnant ewes

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Animal nutrition 2023年第4期15卷 149-158页

作者： Hao Zhang Xia Zha Bei Zhang Yi Zheng Xiaoyun Liu Mabrouk Elsabagh Yi Ma Hongrong Wang Guihua Shu Mengzhi Wang Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety the Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Department of Animal Production and Technology Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologiesNigde Omer Halisdemir UniversityNigde 51240Turkey Department of nutrition and Clinical nutrition Faculty of Veterinary MedicineKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelSheikhEgypt Department of Pediatrics Northern Jiangsu People's HospitalClinical Medical CollegeYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001China

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of underfed Hu ewes from d 35 to110 of gestation with either rumen-protected L-arginine(RP-Arg)or n-carbamylglutamate(nCG)on placental amino acid(AA)transport,angiogenic gene expression,and steroid anabolism.On d 35 of gestation,32 Hu ewes carrying twin fetuses were randomly divided into four treatment groups,each consisting of eight ewes,and were fed the following diets:A diet providing 100%of nRC’s nutrient requirements for pregnant ewes(COn);A diet providing 50%of nRC’s nutrient requirements for pregnant ewes(RES);RES diet plus 5 g/d nCG(RES+nCG);or RES diet plus 20 g/d RP-Arg(RES+ARG).On the d 110 of pregnancy,blood samples were taken from the mother,and samples were collected from type A cotyledons(COT;the fetal portions of the placenta).The levels of 17β-estradiol and progesterone in the maternal serum and both the capillary area density(CAD)and capillary surface density(CSD)in type A COT were decreased in response to Arg or nCG supplementation when compared to the RES group.The concentrations of arginine,leucine,putrescine and spermidine in type A COT were higher(Pn the RES+ARG or RES+nCG group than in the RES group.The mRnA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase(inOS)and solute carrier family 15,member 1(SLC15A1)were increased(Pne receptor(PGR)and fibroblast growth factor 2(FGF2)were decreased in type A COT by supplementation with either nCG or RP-Arg compared to the RES group.The results suggest that providing underfed pregnant ewes from d 35 to 110 of gestation with a diet supplemented with nCG or RP-Arg improves placental AA transport,and reduces the expression of angiogenic growth factor genes and steroid anabolism,leading to better fetal development.

关键词： Angiogenesis factor L-arginine n-carbamylglutamate Placental amino acid transport Pregnant ewes Steroid anabolism

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Dietary n-carbamylglutamate and L-arginine supplementation improves redox status and suppresses apoptosis in the colon of intrauterine growth-retarded suckling lambs

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Animal nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 359-368页

作者： Hao Zhang Yi Zheng Xia Zha Xiaoyun Liu Yi Ma Juan J.Loor Mabrouk Elsabagh Mengzhi Wang Hongrong Wang Honghua Jiang Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety The Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Department of Animal Sciences and Division of nutritional Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL61801USA Department of Animal Production and Technology Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologiesNigde Omer Halisdemir UniversityNigde 51240Turkey Department of nutrition and Clinical nutrition Faculty of Veterinary MedicineKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh 33516Egypt Department of Pediatrics Northern Jiangsu People’s HospitalClinical Medical CollegeYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001China

Previous studies have revealed that dietary n-carbamylglutamate(nCG)or L-arginine(Arg)improves small intestinal integrity and immune function in suckling Hu lambs that have experienced intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR).Whether these nutrients alter redox status and apoptosis in the colon of IUGR lambs is still unknown.This study,therefore,aimed at investigating whether dietary supplementation of Arg or nCG alters colonic redox status,apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and the underlying mechanism of these alterations in IUGR suckling Hu lambs.Forty-eight 7-d old Hu lambs,including 12 with normal birth weight(4.25±0.14 kg)and 36 with IUGR(3.01±0.12 kg),were assigned to 4 treatment groups(n=12 each;6 males and 6 females)for 3 weeks.The treatment groups were control(COn),IUGR,IUGR+Arg and IUGR+nCG.Relative to IUGR lambs,superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)content,as well as proliferation index,were higher(Pn species(ROS),malondialdehyde(MDA)levels and apoptotic cell numbers were lower(Pn colonic tissue for both IUGR+Arg and nCG lambs.Both m RnA and protein levels of C/EBP homologous protein 10(CHOP10),B-cell lymphoma/leukaemia 2(Bcl-2)-associated X protein(Bax),apoptosis antigen 1(Fas),activating transcription factor 6(ATF6),caspase 3,and glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78)were lower(Pne peroxidase 1(GPx1),Bcl-2 and catalase(CAT)levels were higher(Pn colonic tissue for IUGR+Arg and IUGR+nCG lambs compared with IUGR lambs.Based on our results,dietary nCG or Arg supplementation can improve colonic redox status and suppress apoptosis via death receptor-dependent,mitochondrial and ER stress pathways in IUGR suckling lambs.

关键词： Colon Endoplasmic reticulum stress IUGR lambs L-arginine n-carbamylglutamate Redox status

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Roles of dietary supplementation with arginine or n-carbamylglutamate in modulating the inflammation, antioxidant property, and m RnA expression of antioxidant-relative signaling molecules in the spleen of rats under oxidative stress

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Animal nutrition 2018年第3期4卷 322-328页

作者： Weiwei Mo Xianjian Wu Gang Jia Hua Zhao Xiaoling Chen Jiayong Tang Caimei Wu Jingyi Cai Gang Tian Jing Wang Gangmang Liu Institute of Animal nutrition Sichuan Agricultural University Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance nutrition of China Ministry of Education Maize Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University

This study evaluated the effects of arginine(Arg) or n-carbamylglutamate(nCG) on inflammation, antioxidant property, and antioxidant-related gene expression in rat spleen under oxidative stress. A total of 52 rats were randomly distributed into 4 treatment groups with 13 replicates per group. Rats were fed a basal diet(BD) or BD supplemented with Arg or nCG for 30 days. On day 28, half of the BD-fed rats were intraperitoneally injected with sterile saline(control group), and the other half with 12 mg/kg body weight of diquat(DT; DT group). The other 2 diet groups were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg/kg body weight of DT with either Arg(1%)(DT t Arg) or nCG(0.1%)(DT t nCG). Rat spleen samples were collected for analysis at 48 h after DT injection. Results showed that DT damaged the antioxidant defense in rats compared with the control group(P nd DT t nCG groups manifested improved anti-hydroxyl radical, catalase, and total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD) activities, increased glutathione content(P nd decreased malondialdehyde content(P nd DT t nCG groups enhanced mRnA expression of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx1), glutathione reductase(GR), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(nrf2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap-1), and mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR)(P nCG and Arg significantly increased anti-inflammatory cytokine mRnA level but suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokine mRnA expression under oxidative stress(P n summary, nCG and Arg effectively alleviated oxidative stress, improved the antioxidant capacity and regulated the antioxidant-related signaling molecular expression in rat spleen. n-carbamylglutamate and Arg reduced the inflammation in the spleen by mediating the gene expression of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β).

关键词： Arginine n-carbamylglutamate Antioxidant property Signaling molecule Inflammation Spleen

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Dietary n-carbamylglutamate or L-arginine supplementation improves hepatic energy status and mitochondrial function and inhibits the AMP-activated protein kinase-peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor γ coactivator-1α-transcription factor A pathway in intrauterine-growth-retarded suckling lambs

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Animal nutrition 2021年第3期7卷 859-867页

作者： Hao Zhang Xiaoyun Liu Shengnan Ren Mabrouk Elsabagh Mengzhi Wang Hongrong Wang Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety The Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China Department of Animal Production and Technologies Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologiesNigde Omer Halisdemir UniversityCampusNigde51240Turkey Department of nutrition and Clinical nutrition Faculty of Veterinary MedicineKafrelsheikh UniversityKafr El-SheikhEgypt

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary administration of L-arginine(Arg)or n-carbamylglutamate(nCG)on hepatic energy status and mitochondrial functions in suckling Hu lambs with intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR).Forty-eight newborn Hu lambs of 7 d old were allocated into 4 treatment groups of 12 lambs each,in triplicate with 4 lambs per replicate(2 males and 2 females)as follows:COn(lambs of normal birth weight,4.25±0.14 kg),IUGR(3.01±0.12 kg),IUGR+1%Arg(2.99±0.13 kg),or IUGR+0.1%nCG(3.03±0.11 kg).The experiment lasted for 21 d,until d 28 after birth,and all lambs were fed milk replacer as a basal diet.Compared with IUGR lambs,nCG or Arg administration increased(Pnosine triphosphate(ATP)level and the activities of com-plexes I/III/IV,isocitrate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase in the liver.Compared with COn lambs,the relative mRnA levels of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinaseα1(AMPKα1),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1α(PGC1α)and transcription factor A(TFAM)were increased(Pn the liver of IUGR lambs,but were decreased(Pn the liver of nCG-or Arg-treated lambs compared with those in the IUGR lambs.Compared with IUGR lambs,nCG or Arg administration decreased(Pnd the protein expression of PGC1αand TFAM.The results suggested that dietary Arg or nCG supplements improved hepatic energy status and mitochondrial function and inhibited the AMPK-PGC1α-TFAM pathway in IUGR suckling lambs.

关键词： L-Arginine Liver Intrauterine growth restriction Energy status Mitochondrial function n-carbamylglutamate

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n-carbamylglutamate restores nitric oxide synthesis and attenuates high altitudeinduced pulmonary hypertension in Holstein heifers ascended to high altitude

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 1000-1007页

作者： Shuxiang Wang Arash Azarfar Yajing Wang Zhijun Cao Shengli Li State Key Laboratory of Animal nutrition Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Animal Science Lorestan University

Background: High-altitude pulmonary hypertension(HAPH) is a life-threating condition for animals in high altitude,and disturbance of endothelial nitric oxide(nO) synthesis contributes to its pathogenesis. n-carbamylglutamate(nCG), which enhances arginine synthesis, promotes endogenous synthesis of nO. In this study, we determined the effects of nCG on alleviating HAPH in Holstein heifers that ascended to Tibet(Lhasa, 3,658 m).Methods: Exp. 1, 2,000 Holstein heifers were transported from low elevation(1,027 m) to Lhasa. After being exposed to hypoxia for 1 yr, Holstein heifers were assigned to a healthy group(Control, n = 6) with mean pulmonary hypertension(mPAP) nd an HAPH affected group(HAPH, n = 6) with mPAP > 49 mmHg.Lung tissues were collected to evaluate histopathological changes and the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(enOS). Exp. 2, ten healthy heifers and 10 HAPH affected heifers were supplemented with nCG(20 g/d per heifer) for 4 wk. Physiological parameters were determined and blood samples were collected on d-1 and d 28 of the feeding trial.Results: Expression of e nOS in small pulmonary arteriole intima was higher in the healthy than HAPH group(P = 0.006), whereas HAPH group had significantly thicker media and adventitia than healthy group(all P nA of enOS and protein level of enOS were higher in the lungs of heifers in the healthy group than in the HAPH group(both P ndothelin-1 protein levels were higher in HAPH group than in the healthy group(P = 0.025). nCG supplementation decreased mPAP and ammonia(both P = 0.001), whereas it increased the expression of enOS, arginine, and plasma nO(all P nclusions: The expression of enOS was decreased in Holstein heifers with HAPH. nCG supplementation decreased m PAP through the restoration of enOS and endogenous nO synthesis.

关键词： High-altitude pulmonary hypertension Holstein heifers n-carbamylglutamate Tibet

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Dietary rumen-protected L-arginine or n-carbamylglutamate attenuated fetal hepatic inflammation in undernourished ewes suffering from intrauterine growth restriction

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Animal nutrition 2021年第4期7卷 1095-1104页

作者： Hao Zhang Ying Zhang Yi Ma Mabrouk Elsabagh Hongrong Wang Mengzhi Wang State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation SciencesShihezi832000China Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety The Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China Department of Animal Production and Technology Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologiesNigde Omer Halisdemir UniversityNigde51240Turkey Department of nutrition and Clinical nutrition Faculty of Veterinary MedicineKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh33516Egypt

This study aimed to explore whether dietary rumen-protected L-arginine(RP-Arg)or n-carbamylglutamate(nCG)supplementation to feed-restricted pregnant ewes counteracts fetal hepatic inflammation and innate immune dysfunction associated with intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)in ovine fetuses.On d 35 of pregnancy,twin-bearing Hu ewes(n=32)were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups(8 ewes and 16 fetuses per group)and fed diets containing 100%of the nRC requirements(COn),50%of the nRC requirements(RES),RES+RP-Arg(20 g/d)(RESA),or RES+nCG(5 g/d)(RESn).At 08:00 on d 110 of gestation,fetal blood and liver tissue samples were collected.The levels of triglyceride,free fatty acid,cholesterol andβ-hydroxybutyrate in the fetal blood of RESA and RESn groups were lower(Pn those of the RES group,but were higher(Pn those of the COn group.The interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-1 levels in fetal blood and liver tissue as well as the myeloid differentiation primary response 88(MyD88),transforming growth factorβ(TGFβ),and nuclear factor kappa B(nF-κB)mRnA levels in the fetal liver were decreased(PnCG or RP-Arg supplementation compared to the RES treatment.Similarly,the toll-like receptor(TLR)-4,MyD88,TGFβ,and p-c-Jun n-terminal kinase(JnK)protein levels in the fetal liver were reduced(Pn the nCG and RP-Arg-supplemented groups compared to the RES group.These results showed that dietary supplementation of RP-Arg or nCG to underfed pregnant ewes could protect against IUGR fetal hepatic inflammation via improving lipid metabolism,down-regulating the TLR-4 and the inflammatory JnK and nF-icB signaling pathways,and decreasing cytokine production in ovine fetal blood and liver tissue.

关键词： L-arginine Fetal sheep Liver inflammation Intrauterine growth restriction n-carbamylglutamate

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Arginine, n-carbamylglutamate,and glutamine exert protective effects against oxidative stress in rat intestine

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Animal nutrition 2016年第3期2卷 242-248页

作者： Liang Xiao Wei Cao Guangmang Liu Tingting Fang Xianjian Wu Gang Jia Xiaoling Chen Hua Zhao Jing Wang Caimei Wu Jingyi Cai Institute of Animal nutrition Sichuan Agicultural University Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance nutrition of China Ministry of Education Maize Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University

The objective of the current study is to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with arginine(ARG), n-carbamylglutamate(nCG), and glutamine(GLn) on rat intestinal morphology and antioxidant status under oxidative stress. Rats were fed for 30 d with one of the following iso-nitrogenous diets:basal diet(BD), BD plus 1% ARG, BD plus 0.1% nCG, and BD plus 1% GLn. On day 28, half of the rats fed BD were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg/kg body weight of diquat(DT; i.e., the DT group) and the other half was intraperitoneally injected with sterile solution(i,e., the control group). The other diet groups were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg/kg body weight of DT(i,e., DT + 1% GLn [DT + GLn],DT + 1% ARG [DT + ARG], and DT + 0.1% nCG [DT + nCG]). Rat jejunum samples obtained at 48 h after DT injection were analyzed. Results showed that DT significantly decreased catalase(CAT) activity and glutathione(GSH) content by 58.25% and 56.57%, respectively, and elevated malondialdehyde(MDA)content and crypt depth(CD) by 19.39% and 22.13%, respectively, in the jejunum(P ntrol group). Compared with the DT group, the DT + GLn group exhibited significantly improved villus height(VH), villus width(VW), villus surface area(VSA), CD and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) activity(P nificantly increased the ratio of VH to CD(H:D) and TAOC activity(P n, DT + ARG and DT + nCG groups exhibited significantly enhanced CAT activity and GSH content as well as decreased MDA content(P nd GSH content in the DT + GLn group were higher whereas MDA content was lower compared with the corresponding values observed in both the DT + ARG and the DT + nCG groups(P n the DT + ARG group significantly increased compared with that in the DT + nCG and DT + GLn groups(P ntation with 1% GLn, 0.1% nCG,and 1% ARG was effective in enhancing

关键词： Arginine Glutamine n-carbamylglutamate Oxidative stress Jejunum Antioxidant status

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n-carbamoylglutamate improves lipid metabolism, inflammation, and apoptosis responses in visceral adipocytes of Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus), in vivo and in vitro

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Animal nutrition 2021年第3期7卷 707-715页

作者： Haoyan Huang Xiaoran Zhang Xiaofang Liang Xiufeng Wu Xu Gu Juan Han Min Xue national Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center Feed Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China Institute of Food and nutrition Development Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChina Feed Processing Innovation Team Feed Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China

This study applied in vivo and in vitro methods to investigate the effect of dietary n-carbamoylglutamate(nCG)on lipid metabolism,inflammation and apoptosis related-gene expression in visceral adipose tissue and isolated adipocytes of Japanese seabass(Lateolabrax japonicus).A basal diet and a test diet supplemented with 720 mg/kg nCG were fed to the fish for 10 weeks.During the growth trial,no mortality and no significant differences in growth performance were observed in fish between the 2 groups(P>0.05).Plasma Arg content and mRnA level of argininosuccinate synthetase(ASS)in adipose tissue were significantly increased,which indicated that nCG inclusion promoted endogenous Arg synthesis.Thereafter,the potential effects of nCG treatment on lipid metabolism-related genes expression were studied through in vivo and in vitro methods.In the present study,we successfully established a primary adipocytes culture system and isolated pre-adipocytes in vitro of Japanese seabass for the first time.Both the results in vivo and in vitro showed that nCG treatment decreased the mRnA levels of genes related to adipogenesis(fatty acid synthase,FASn),cholesterol synthesis(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase,HMGCR)and fat deposition(lipoprotein lipase[LPL]and leptin),which revealed the underlying mechanism of nCG on reducing fat deposition.The results of this study demonstrated that nCG inclusion reduced the expression of inflammatory and apoptosis cytokines markedly in vivo and in vitro.In conclusion,nCG did exert beneficial effects on ameliorating adipo-genesis,inflammation and apoptosis via promoting Arg endogenous synthesis in Japanese seabass.

关键词： n-carbamylglutamate Visceral adipose and adipocytes Lipid metabolism Inflammatory and apoptosis Lateolabrax japonicus

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