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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 483-495页

作者： Tao Lu Fan Lü Nanlin Liao Honghui Chai Hua Zhang Pinjing He Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Source Reuse Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Zhejiang Qihe Ecological Technology Co. Ltd.Hangzhou 310052China

The significant increase in the demand for biomass waste treatment after garbage classification has led to housefly larvae treatment becoming an attractive treatment option.It can provide a source of protein while treating biomass waste,which means that nutrients can be returned to the natural food chain.However,the performance of this technology in terms of its environmental impacts is still unclear,particularly with regards to global warming potential(GWP).This study used a life cycle assessment(LCA)approach to assess a housefly larvae treatment plant with a treatment capacity of 50 tons of biomass waste per day.The LCA results showed that the 95% confidence intervals for the GWP in summer and winter were determined to be 24.46-32.81 kg CO_(2) equivalent(CO_(2)-eq)/ton biomass waste and5.37-10.08 kg CO_(2)-eq/ton biomass waste,respectively.The greater GWP value in summer is due to the longer ventilation time and higher ventilation intensity in summer,which consumes more power.The main GWP contributions are from(1)electricity needs(accounting for 78.6% of emissions in summer and 70.2%in winter)and(2)product substitution by mature housefly larvae and compost(both summer and winter accounting for 96.8% of carbon reduction).

关键词： Biomass waste musca domestica Housefly larvae Life cycle assessment Global warming potential

Campylobacterjejuni in musca domestica： An examination of survival and transmission potential in light of the innate immune responses of the house flies

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Insect Science 2017年第4期24卷 584-598页

作者： Carson Gill Simon Bahrndorff Carl Lowenberger Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby BC Canada National Food Institute Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark

The house fly, musca domestica, has been implicated as a vector of Campy- lobacter spp., a major cause of human disease. Little is known whether house flies serve as biological amplifying hosts or mechanical vectors for Campylobacterjejuni. We in- vestigated the period after C. jejuni had been ingested by house flies in which viable C. jejuni colonies could be isolated from whole bodies, the vomitus and the excreta of adult M. domestica and evaluated the activation of innate immune responses of house flies to ingested C. jejuni over time. C. jejuni could be cultured from infected houseflies soon after ingestion but no countable C. jejuni colonies were observed 〉 24 h postingestion. We detected viable C. jejuni in house fly vomitus and excreta up to 4 h after ingestion, but no viable bacteria were detected 〉 8 h. Suppression subtractive hybridization identi- fied pathogen-induced gene expression in the intestinal tracts of adult house flies 4-24 h after ingesting C. jejuni. We measured the expression of immune regulatory （thor, JNK, and spheroide） and effector （cecropin, diptericin, attacin, defensing, and lysozyme） genes in C. jejuni-infected and -uninfected house flies using quantitative real time PCR. Some house fly factor, or combination of factors, eliminates C. jejuni within 24 h postingestion. Because C. jejuni is not amplified within the body of the housefly, this insect likely serves as a mechanical vector rather than as a true biological, amplifying vector for C. jejuni, and adds to our understanding of insect pathogen interactions.

关键词： antimicrobial peptides Campylobacter spp. Campylobacteriosis house fly innate immunity musca domestica suppression subtractive hybridization （SSH） vector

Molecular characterization and expression analysis of a chicken-type lysozyme gene from housefly (musca domestica)

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2009年第1期36卷 7-16页

作者： Qian Ren, Xiaofan Zhao, Jinxing Wang School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China School of Life Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250100 China

Lysozymes can hydrolyze bacteria and play an important role in animal digestion and innate immunity. The cDNA of a chicken-type lysozyme gene （Mdlys） was cloned from housefly （musca domestica）. The 484 bp full-length cDNA contains a 426 bp open reading frame （ORF） that encodes MdLys of 141 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the MdLys was similar to chicken-type lysozymes. Spatio-temporal expression of Mdlys was analyzed by RT-PCR. The Mdlys transcript can be detected in both midgut and fat body and was expressed at a relatively lower level at the embryo stage. Mdlys mRNA was upregulated 2 h post bacterial challenge, maintained for 2 to 6 h, and slightly declined from 12 to 24 h post-injection. Western blot analysis showed that MdLys was highly expressed in midgut and was also detected in the hemolymph and fat body. MdLys expression was slightly increased in midgut after challenging with Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus. Its expression was also slightly increased in the fat body after challenging with S. aureus, but no obvious change occurred after E. coli challenge. MdLys expression in the hemolymph was not affected by bacterial challenge. In the developmental stages, MdLys expression levels had no obvious change from the first instar to the pupae stage. There was also no variation under 24 h starvation stress. Recombinant MdLys displayed inhibitory activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Together, these results suggest that MdLys may play an important role in the innate immunity of houseflies.

关键词： innate immunity lysozyme antibacterial activity musca domestica

Proteomic Analysis of the Peritrophic Matrix from the Midgut of Third Instar Larvae,musca domestica

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2016年第1期29卷 56-65页

作者： Wang Yu Xiu Jiang Fan Cheng Jin Zhi Luo Man Zhao Peng Shang Xiao Li Wang Tao Wu Jian Wei Department of Parasitology Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550004GuizhouChina guizhou provincial center for disease control and prevention Guiyang 550004GuizhouPeoples R China

Objective To better comprehend the molecular structure and physiological function of the housefly larval peritrophic matrix （PM）, a mass spectrometry approach was used to investigate the PM protein composition. Methods The PM was dissected from the midgut of the third instar larvae, and protein extracted from the PM was evaluated using SDS-PAGE. A 1D-PAGE lane containing all protein bands was cut from top to bottom, the proteins in-gel trypsinised and analysed via shotgun liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS）. Results In total, 374 proteins, with molecular weights varying from 8.225, kD to 996.065 kD and isoelectric points ranging from 3.83 to 11.24 were successfully identified, most identified proteins were mainly related to immunity, digestion, nutrient metabolism and PM structure. Furthermore, many of these proteins were functionally associated with pattern binding, polysaccharide binding, structural constituent of peritrophic membrane and chitin binding, according to Gene Ontology annotation. Conclusion The PM protein composition, which provides a basis for further functional investigations of the identified proteins, will be useful for understanding the housefly larval gut immune system and may help to identify potential targets and exploit new bioinsecticides.

关键词： musca domestica Peritrophic matrix Proteome

Purification and Molecular Identification of an Antifungal Peptide from the Hemolymph of musca domestica （housefly）

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2009年第4期6卷 245-251页

作者： Ping Fu Jianwei Wu Guo Guo Department of Parasitology Guiyang Medical College Guiyang Guizhou550004 China Department of Parasitology GuiyangMedical College 9 Beijing Road Guiyang 550004 China

Antibacterial and antifungal peptides found in houseflies （musca domestica） in large number are indispensable components of its immune defense mechanism. In this study the anterior tip of the larvae of housefly was cut off with a pair of fine scissors and hemolymph was collected and exuded in an ice-cold test tube. From the hemolymph an antifungal substance was isolated by solid-phase extraction combined with reverse phase-high performance liquid chromotography （RP-HPLC） and named as musca domestica antifungal peptide-1 （MAF-1）. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE） showed its molecular weight was 17 kDa. UV absorption spectra revealed that this antifungal substance possessed the characteristics of protein peptides. Analysis by fingerprint-identification and tandem mass spectrometry suggested MAF-I was an unknown protein. Edman degradation identified the sequence of 30 amino acids of its N-terminal which matched no peptide in the MASCOT search database, indicating MAF-1 was a novel insect antifungal peptide. Mass spectrometry showed the precise molecular weight of MAF-1 was 17203.384 Da. Its isoelectric point was acidic.

关键词： musca domestica antifungal peptide purification molecular identification

Studying the ＂fly factor＂ phenomenon and its underlying mechanisms in house flies musca domestica

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Insect Science 2018年第1期25卷 137-147页

作者： Matthew V. Holl Gerhard Gries Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Bumaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada

The ＂fly factor＂ was first discovered 〉60 years ago and describes the phe- nomenon that food currently or previously fed on by flies attracts more foraging flies than the same type and amount of food kept inaccessible to flies. Since then, there has been little progress made to understanding this phenomenon. Our objectives were （i） to demonstrate the existence of the fly factor in house flies, musca domestica and （ii） to study underlying mechanisms that may cause or contribute to the fly factor. In 2-choice laboratory bioassays, we obtained unambiguous evidence for a fly factor phenomenon in house flies, in that we demonstrated that feeding flies are more attractive to foraging flies than are nonfeeding flies, and that fed-on food is more attractive to foraging flies than is ＂clean＂ food. Of the potential mechanisms （fly excreta, metabolic output parameters [elevated temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide]）, causing the fly factor, fly feces, and regurgitate do at- tract foraging flies but none of the metabolic output parameters of feeding flies does. Even though feeding flies produce significantly more CO2 than nonfeeding flies, elevated levels of CO2 have no behavior-modifying effect on flies. Preferential attraction of house flies to fly feces and regurgitate indicates that the flies sense airborne semiochemicals emana- ting from these sources. Hypothesizing that these semiochemicals are microbe-produced, future studies will aim at isolating and mass producing these microbes to accumulate semiochemicals for identification.

关键词： fly factor foraging metabolic output microbes musca domestica semio-chemical attractants

Potential Risk of Transmission of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Infections by the musca domestica Fly and the Periplaneta americana Cockroach in the City of Cotonou (South Benin)

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Advances in Microbiology 2023年第9期13卷 448-461页

作者： Tatcheme Filemon TatTokponnon Bidossessi Brunelle Ella Agassounon Daton Sylvain Kougblenou Razak Osse Victorien Dougnon Calmette Nouwagbe Daga Justin Kossou Idayath Joachelle Gounou Yerima Festus Houessinon Sare Dabou Zoulkifilou Martin Akogbeto Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou Cotonou Benin Unité de Recherche en Microbiologie Appliquée et Pharmacologie des Substances Naturelles Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Section Hygiène des Eaux et Aliments Ministère de la Santé Cotonou Benin Ecole de Gestion et d’Exploitation des Systèmes d’Elevage Université Nationale d’Agriculture Kétou Bénin

Background: The occurrence of bacterial infections sometimes involves synanthropic flies and cockroaches, as mechanical vectors of pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this study was to identify the different species of flies and cockroaches that cohabit with humans in the city of Cotonou and determine the contribution of musca domestica and Periplaneta americana in the transmission of bacteria responsible for infections in humans. Methods: Capture sessions during the day for flies and at night for cockroaches were carried out in 4 arrondissements of the city of Cotonou. The insects collected were transported to the Center of Research Entomological of Cotonou for identification, then sent to the Section Hygiene of Water and Food for microbiological analysis, enumeration and testing for human pathogenic bacteria. Results: A total of 351 flies and 26 cockroaches were collected at the sites, including two synanthropic species belonging to two families each. musca domestica and Periplaneta americana were the most abundant species found after identification in the city of Cotonou. Thermo-tolerant coliforms and Escherichia coli were found on all specimens at varying concentrations. Salmonella spp. bacteria were identified in the fly population from the Dantokpa dump. Conclusion: Flies and cockroaches can transmit microorganisms to humans. The presence of Salmonella spp. among the specimens revealed that infections frequently caused by contaminated food or water are also transmitted to humans by flies. The presence of these germs on flies and cockroaches represents a potential risk of mechanical transmission to humans. It is, therefore, essential to continue investigations in order to assess the species of bacteria propagated, improve control strategies against these troublesome insects and adopt better hygiene conditions for better living.

关键词： musca domestica Periplaneta americana Mechanical Transmission Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli Infections Cotonou

Cloning and characterization of a bursicon-regulated gene Su（H） in the house fly musca domestica

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Insect Science 2009年第3期16卷 207-217页

作者： Songjie Wang Shiheng An David Stanley Qisheng Song Division of Plant Sciences University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USDAIAgricultural Research Service Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory 1503 S. Providence Road Columbia MO 65203 USA

Bursicon is a neuropeptide that regulates cuticle sclerotization （hardening and tanning） in insect via a G-protein coupled receptor. However, the signal transduction pathway downstream of the G-protein coupled receptor is currently not well known. In our recent microarray analysis, we identified a panel of genes regulated by bursicon in Drosophila. One of the genes, Suppressor of Hairless, or Su（H）, has drawn our attention because its product acts down-stream of the bursicon receptor. In the present study, we cloned the Drosophila homolog, mdSu（H）, from the house fly musca domestica using 3＇ and 5＇ rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the level ofmdSu（H） transcript is up-regulated by ~3-fold 1 h after recombinant bursicon injection, which correlates well with the cuticle sclerotization process observed in the recombinant bursicon-injected flies. We infer that Su（H） is an essential gene involved in the insect cuticle sclerotization process.

关键词： cuticle sclcrotization gene regulation musca domestica Notch pathway,r-bursicon suppressor of hairless

Effect of Maggot Production Residue on Amaranth Growth Parameters

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2022年第12期12卷 571-585页

作者： Idriss Hamidou Leyo Zakari Moussa Ousmane Dan Lamso Nomaou Iro Dan Guimbo Ila Ango Salaou Fréderic Francis Rudy Caparros Megido Faculté d’Agronomie Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey Niamey Niger Entomologie Fonctionnelle et évolutive Liège Université Gembloux Belgium

Amaranth is one of the most consumed vegetables in Niger Republic because of its nutritional values. However, the production of this plant requires nutrient-rich soils that are becoming scarce in most agricultural soils in Niger. This study aims to evaluate the fertilizing potential of the maggot production residue of musca domestica L. 1758 and bovine excrement on the agronomic parameters of Amaranthus cruentus L., 1759. To do this, four densities (50, 100, 150, 200 g) of maggot production residue and bovine excrement were tested. Stem length, neck diameter and leaf number were strongly influenced by the interaction of the type of treatment (maggot production residue and bovine excrement) and dose. Dose 50 and dose 150 gave the best performance in length and diameter respectively for residue (length = 42.24 ± 8.98 cm;diameter = 0.88 ± 0.17 cm) and bovine droppings (length = 39.29 ± 8.10;diameter = 0.98 ± 0.77). On the leaf number side, no significant differences were observed between the doses for the residue. For bovine excrement, this number was higher at the 150 g dose (28.12 ± 4.98). The effect of the residue and bovine excrement on each corresponding dose shows that, for the stem length, only the 50 g dose was statistically influenced by the latter (P < 0.001). On the neck diameter side, only the 50 g and 100 g doses were statistically influenced by bovine residue and excrement (dose 50 g: P < 0.001;dose 100 g: P < 0.001). For each of these doses, the residue recorded the best performance both for the length of the rod and for the diameter at the collar. On the leaf number side, only the dose 50 g and 150 g varied statistically according to the type of fertilizer. At the 50 g dose, the residue recorded the largest number of leaves (27.10 ± 11.15), but the residue recorded the lowest number of leaves at the 100 g dose (21.01 ± 5.99). Foliar and root biomass varied statistically according to the dose within each fertilizer (foliar biomass: residue: P = 0.040;bovine excrement: P < 0.001;root biomass: residue:

关键词： musca domestica Maggot Residue Amaranth Fertilization Niger

Study of high-level expression of musca domestica cecropin with partner molecular in Escherichia coli

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Study of high-level expression of Musca domestica cecropin w...