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Impacts of Roof/Ground mitigation strategies on Improving the Urban Thermal Environment and Human Comfort over the Yangtze River Delta, China

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第1期38卷 108-125页

作者： Hongyun MA Mi ZHANG Haishan CHEN Yan WANG Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change(ILCEC)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023 Experimental Teaching Center for Meteorology and Environment Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044

The combined effects of global warming and the urban heat islands exacerbate the risk of urban heat stress. It is crucial to implement effective cooling measures in urban areas to improve the comfort of the thermal environment. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF), coupled with a single-layer Urban Canopy Model(UCM), was used to study the impact of heat mitigation strategies. In addition, a 5-km resolution land-cover dataset for China(ChinaLC), which is based on satellite remote sensing data, was adjusted and used, and 18 groups of numerical experiments were designed, to increase the albedo and vegetation fraction of roof/ground parameters. The experiments were conducted for four heatwave events that occurred in the summer of 2013 in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration of China. The simulated results demonstrated that, for the single roof/ground schemes, the mitigation effects were directly proportional to the albedo and greening. Among all the experimental schemes, the superposed schemes presented better cooling effects. For the ground greening scheme, with similar net radiation flux and latent heat flux, its storage heat was lower than that of the roof greening scheme, resulting in more energy flux into the atmosphere, and its daytime cooling effect was not as good as that of the roof greening scheme. In terms of human thermal comfort(HTC), the improvement achieved by the ground greening scheme was better than any other single roof/ground schemes, because the increase in the relative humidity was small. The comprehensive evaluation of the mitigation effects of different schemes on the thermal environment presented in this paper provides a theoretical basis for improving the urban environment through rational urban planning and construction.

关键词： urban heat island human thermal comfort urban canopy mitigation strategies Yangtze River Delta Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF) Urban Canopy Model(UCM)

Evaluation Method and mitigation strategies for Shrinkage Cracking of Modern Concrete

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Engineering 2021年第3期7卷 348-357页

作者： Jiaping Liu Qian Tian Yujiang Wang Hua Li Wen Xu College of Materials Science and Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China State Key Lbcratory of High Performance Cil Engineering Materia's Jiangat Reearh Inrstitute of Baildting Science Co.Ltd Nanjing 11103China

The complex compositions and large shrinkage of concrete,as well as the strong constraints of the structures,often lead to prominent shrinkage cracking problems in modem concrete *** paper first introduces a multi-field(hydro-thermo-hygro-constraint)coupling model with the hydration degree of cementitious materials as the basic state parameter to estimate the shrinkage cracking risk of hardening concrete under coupling ***,three new key technologies are illustrated:temperature rise inhibition,full-stage shrinkage compensation,and shrinkage reduction *** technologies can efficiently reduce the thermal,autogenous,and drying shrinkages of *** after,a design process based on the theoretical model and key technologies is proposed to control thecracking risk index below the threshold ***,two engineering application examples are provided that demonstrate that concrete shrinkage cracking can be significantly mitigated by adopting the proposed methods and technologies.

关键词： Modern concrete Shrinkage Hydration degree mitigation strategies Cracking risk

Incorporating mitigation strategies in machine learning for landslide susceptibility prediction

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第5期15卷 399-414页

作者： Hai-Min Lyu Zhen-Yu Yin Pierre-Yves Hicher Farid Laouafa Key Laboratory for Resilient Infrastructures of Coastal Cities(MOE) College of Civil and Transportation EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina Research Institute of Civil Engineering and Mechanics(GeM) UMR CNRS 6183Ecole Centrale de NantesFrance National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks(INERIS) Verneuil-en-HalatteFrance

This study proposes an approach that considers mitigation strategies in predicting landslide susceptibility through machine learning(ML)and geographic information system(GIS)*** models,such as random forest(RF),logistic regression(LR),and support vector classification(SVC)are incorporated into GIS to predict landslide susceptibilities in Hong *** consider the effect of mitigation strategies on landslide susceptibility,non-landslide samples were produced in the upgraded area and added to randomly created samples to serve as ML models in training *** scenarios were created to compare and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach;Scenario I does not considering landslide control while Scenario II considers mitigation strategies for landslide *** largest landslide susceptibilities are 0.967(from RF),followed by 0.936(from LR)and 0.902(from SVC)in Scenario II;in Scenario I,they are 0.986(from RF),0.955(from LR)and 0.947(from SVC).This proves that the ML models considering mitigation strategies can decrease the current landslide *** comparison between the different ML models shows that RF performed better than LR and SVC,and provides the best prediction of the spatial distribution of landslide susceptibilities.

关键词： Machine learning Landslide susceptibility Spatial prediction mitigation strategies

Addressing Nursing Safety Hazards and mitigation strategies for Elderly Endocrinology Patients in Hospital Care

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Proceedings of Anticancer Research 2023年第6期7卷 96-101页

作者： Yamin Zhao Fang Zhao Yujie Gu Department of Endocrinology Affiliated Hospital of Hebei UniversityBaoding 071000Hebei ProvinceChina Clinical Laboratory Baoding Third Central HospitalBaoding 071051Hebei ProvinceChina

Objective:To investigate the safety hazards in nursing and explore mitigation strategies for elderly patients in the endocrinology ***:A total of 240 bedridden elderly patients from February 2021 to January 2023 were recruited and divided into two groups using the random number table *** control group(n=120)received conventional nursing care,and the observation group(n=120)received personalized nursing ***’quality of life,the incidence rate of pressure sores,and patient satisfaction with nursing care were observed and ***:The incidence of pressure ulcers in the observation group was significantly lower at 17.50%compared to 30.00%in the control group(P<0.05).Quality of life in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The satisfaction rate in the observation group was significantly higher at 93.33%compared to 84.17%in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:These findings emphasize that only through the implementation of scientific and rational nursing measures can effectively reduce nursing risks,enhance therapeutic outcomes,and improve the quality of life for elderly patients.

关键词： Endocrinology Elderly patients Nursing safety Safety hazards mitigation strategies

Systematic Literature Review on Cloud Computing Security: Threats and mitigation strategies

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Journal of Information Security 2024年第2期15卷 148-167页

作者： Sina Ahmadi National Coalition of Independent Scholars Seattle United States

Cloud computing plays a significant role in modern information technology, providing organizations with numerous benefits, including flexibility, scalability, and cost-efficiency. However, it has become essential for organizations to ensure the security of their applications, data, and cloud-based networks to use cloud services effectively. This systematic literature review aims to determine the latest information regarding cloud computing security, with a specific emphasis on threats and mitigation strategies. Additionally, it highlights some common threats related to cloud computing security, such as distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, account hijacking, malware attacks, and data breaches. This research also explores some mitigation strategies, including security awareness training, vulnerability management, security information and event management (SIEM), identity and access management (IAM), and encryption techniques. It discusses emerging trends in cloud security, such as integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), serverless computing, and containerization, as well as the effectiveness of the shared responsibility model and its related challenges. The importance of user awareness and the impact of emerging technologies on cloud security have also been discussed in detail to mitigate security risks. A literature review of previous research and scholarly articles has also been conducted to provide insights regarding cloud computing security. It shows the need for continuous research and innovation to address emerging threats and maintain a security-conscious culture in the company.

关键词： Cloud Security Threat Analysis mitigation strategies Emerging Trends Ethi-cal Considerations Data Analysis

Risk Identification and mitigation strategies for Deepwater Oilfields Development

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Frontiers of Engineering Management 2016年第4期3卷 356-361页

作者： Bao-quan Yang Li Yang Fan-jie Shang Xin Zhang Chen-xi Li CNOOC Research Institute

Deepwater oilfields will become main sources of the world's oil and gas *** is characterized with high technology,huge investment,long duration,high risk and high *** is a huge system project,including exploration and appraising,field development plan(FDP)design,implementation,reservoir management and ***,limited data,international environment and oil price will cause much uncertainty for FDP design and production *** unreasonable decision will cause huge ***,risk foreseeing and mitigation strategies become more *** paper takes AKPO and EGINA as examples to analyze the main uncertainties,proposes mitigation strategies,and provides valuable experiences for the other deepwater oilfields development.

关键词： deepwater oilfield field development plan implementation reservoir management risk identification mitigation strategies

Nutritional impact of mycotoxins in food animal production and strategies for mitigation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第6期13卷 1591-1609页

作者： Ran Xu Elijah G.Kiarie Alexandros Yiannikouris Lvhui Sun Niel A.Karrow Department of Animal Biosciences University of GuelphGuelphON N1G 2W1Canada Alltech Inc. Center for Animal Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal Nutrition3031 Catnip HillRoadNicholasvilleKY 40356USA Hubei Hongshan Laboratory College of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina.

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that are commonly detected as natural contaminants in agricultural commodities *** exposure can lead to mycotoxicosis in both animals and humans when found in animal feeds and food products,and at lower concentrations can affect animal performance by disrupting nutrient digestion,absorption,metabolism,and animal ***,mycotoxin contamination of animal feeds represents a significant issue to the livestock industry and is a health threat to food *** prevention of mycotoxin formation is difficult to undertake to avoid contamination,mitigation strategies are *** review explores how the mycotoxins aflatoxins,deoxynivalenol,zearalenone,fumonisins and ochratoxin A impose nutritional and metabolic effects on food animals and summarizes mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of mycotoxicity.

关键词： Food animals mitigation strategies Mycotoxins Nutritional impact Risk management Susceptibility differences

Real-world and bottom-up methodology for emission inventory development and scenario design in medium-sized cities

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第5期127卷 114-132页

作者： Leila Khazini Mina Jamshidi Kalajahi Yousef Rashidi Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Mirzaei Ghomi Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of TabrizTabrizIran Environmental Sciences Research Institute Shahid Beheshti UniversityIran Department of the Environment(DOE) Head of National Center of Air pollution and Climate ChangeTehranIran

Efficient management of air quality requires a comprehensive emission inventory to support decision-making on air quality *** article presents a comprehensive framework for detailed emission inventory development in cities with low-quality basic data,which examines the emission of primary criteria pollutants(CO,NO_(x),SO_(2),PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and VOC)from mobile sources,residential,commercial,and public services,fuel stations,transport terminals,energy conversion sections,and *** research was applied to Tabriz in Northwest Iran,one of the polluted medium-sized cities with a population of 1.77 *** show the city daily emission per capita is 569.8 g of CO,68.6 g of NO_(x),38.6 g of VOC,17.6 g of SO_(x),and 3.7 g of *** emissions accounted for 98%of CO,91%of VOCs,61%of NO_(x),and 56%of PM;meaning alternative policy strategies in vehicles would reduce emissions *** applicable and effective scenarios in transport and one concerning stationary sourceswere proposed and reduction potential of themwas *** of the public transport improvement and replacement of old passenger cars were founded the key *** two alternatives decrease 14 and 2 tons of SO_(2) and 6797 and 2394 tons of NO_(x) annually with the cost of$99.5 MM and$366.5 MM,*** findings of this study provides the choice of travel method by each citizen is a function of cost,speed,comfort and safety of travel;therefore,all the requirements of any scenarios must be fully considered in the implementation step.

关键词： Emission inventory Vehicular sources mitigation strategies Stationary sources Urban air pollution

A synthetical geoengineering approach to evaluate the largest hydraulic fracturing-induced earthquake in the East Shale Basin, Alberta

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Petroleum Science 2023年第1期20卷 460-473页

作者： Gang Hui Zhang-Xin Chen Zheng-Dong Lei Zhao-Jie Song Lin-Yang Zhang Xin-Ran Yu Fei Gu State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing102249PR China Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of CalgaryCalgaryABT2N1N4Canada Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing10083PR China School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao257000ShandongPR China College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongPR China

On 2019-03-04,the largest induced earthquake(ML4.18)occurred in the East Shale Basin,Alberta,and the underlying physical mechanisms have not been fully *** paper proposes a synthetical geoengineering methodology to comprehensively characterize this earthquake caused by hydraulic *** on 3D structural,petrophysical,and geomechanical models,an unconventional fracture model is constructed by considering the stress shadow between adjacent hydraulic fractures and the interactions between hydraulic and natural *** poroelastic simulations are conducted to reveal the triggering mechanisms of induced *** is found that four vertical basement-rooted faults were identified via focal mechanisms *** brittleness index(BI)along two horizontal wells has a high magnitude(BI>0.5),indicating the potential susceptibility of rock *** to the presence of overpressure,pre-existing faults in the Duvernay Formation are highly susceptible to fault *** occurrence of the earthquake clusters has been attributed to the fracturing fluid injection during the west 38^(th)-39^(th) stage and east 38^(th) stage *** brittleness,formation overpressure,and large fracturing job size account for the nucleation of earthquake clusters,and unconventional natural-hydraulic fracture networks provide fluid flow pathways to cause fault *** workflow can be used to mitigate potential seismic risks in unconventional reservoirs in other fields.

关键词： Geoengineering Hydraulic fracturing Induced seismicity Fault reactivation mitigation strategies East Shale Basin