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Methylphenidate misuse in Adults: Survey of 414 Primary Care Physicians in Germany and Comparison with the Literature

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2017年第4期7卷 180-209页

作者： Ria Thier Ursula Gresser Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich Medical Faculty Internal Medicine Munich Germany

Objectives: This paper deals with the methylphenidate (MPH) misuse by adults in Germany. Results of a survey among primary care physicians/internists have been supplemented by a comparison with the literature. Methods: In the period from October 5-20, 2015, a survey was sent to 414 primary care physicians/internists in four German cities (n = 10 were undeliverable). The response rate was 58% (n = 235). 34 original works on MPH abuse worldwide were found in the literature and are used in the analysis of the present data situation. The literature published before November 9, 2015 is considered in this paper. Results: 14% of the doctors who took part in the survey said that they had been asked for MPH prescriptions without any medical indication. The most frequent reason given for the request (42%) was adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) not verified by documents. According to the comparison with the literature, university students had a lifetime prevalence of MPH misuse ranging from 0.8% to 16.6% and school children had a misuse rate of 4.0%. In the civilian US population, the misuse rate was 4.2%. Among patients in possession of a current MPH prescription due to a diagnosis, the lifetime prevalence was 29% and among adolescents with suspected alcohol and/or drug problems 20%. Conclusions: MPH misuse is a major problem which has not been studied sufficiently. MPH misuse not only plays a role in the field of psychiatry, but also in other disciplines. misuse particularly following a therapeutic prescription should be taken into account.

关键词： Methylphenidate misuse Students Prescription Drugs

Opioid use and misuse in ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2019年第1期10卷 22-28页

作者： Maithili V Chitnavis Merwise Baray Patrick G Northup Anne G Tuskey Brian W Behm Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine University of Virginia School of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Virginia School of Medicine

BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis(UC) may be exposed to opioids over their disease duration. The use of such medications carries significant risk, including intestinal dysmotility and potential for addiction. However, the rates of narcotic use and misuse in patients with UC have not been studied extensively. Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGID) are prevalent in patients with UC, and have been shown to increase the risk of narcotic use and misuse in patients with Crohn's disease. We hypothesized that patients with UC and a concurrent diagnosis of FGID would have increased rates of both opioid use and misuse in our patient *** To evaluate the prevalence of chronic opioid use and misuse in *** A retrospective chart review of UC patients seen at the University of Virginia Digestive Health Center was performed on all patients evaluated between 2006 and 2011. Patient demographics, medical, surgical, and medication histories were obtained from the electronic medical record. Concomitant diagnosis of FGID was also noted at the time. The electronic prescription monitoring program was accessed to obtain prescription opioid filling histories. Prescription opioid misuse was defined as opioid prescriptions filled from four or more prescribers and four or more different pharmacies in a 12-mo *** A total of 497 patients with UC were included. Patients with UC and FGID were more likely to be female, but no other demographic variables were associated with FGID. Of the UC patients who had FGID, a greater proportion were found to be using opioids chronically(36% with FGID vs 9% without FGID, P misuse(OR = 5.19; 95%CI1.04-25.76). Tobacco use(OR 2.53; 95%CI: 1.06-6.08) and anxiety(OR 3.17; 95%CI:1.08-9.26) were other variables as

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Chronic opioid use Opioid misuse Narcotic Functional gastrointestinal disorder

Analysis into Chinese Students＇ misuse of English Verbs -- From the aspect of Chinese interference

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International English Education Research 2014年第9期 60-62页

作者： Guo Changhong Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000

In the course of college English teaching, English teachers may find some errors made by the non-English majors. Errors made when they are using English verbs are analyzed from the aspect of the similarities and differences between English verbs and Chinese verbs in this thesis. We can conclude that the most obvious cause of the misuse seems to be the interference of the first language （L1）, that is, interlingual errors affect the English output of Chinese students. At last, the author calls for more input of the difference between L1 and L2 in L2 teaching and acquisition so that the same mistakes can be avoided.

关键词： misuse interference language transfer: incorporation

Refining Use/misuse/Mitigation Use Cases for Security Requirements

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2014年第8期7卷 626-638页

作者： Joshua J. Pauli College of Business & Information Systems Dakota State University Madison USA

We investigate security at the same time as the functional requirements by refining and integrating use, misuse, and mitigation use cases. Security requirements rely on the interactions among normal system execution (use cases), attacks (misuse cases), and necessary security strategies (mitigation use cases), but previous approaches only use a high-level of abstraction. We use refinement to uncover details of each case and the relationships among them before integrating them. We identify and model “includes” and “extends” relationships within each refined case type, and use a condition-driven process that maintains these relationships as refinement continues. We then systematically identify and model “threatens” and “mitigates” relationships to integrate the cases at a detailed level.

关键词： Use Case misuse Case Mitigation Use Case Requirements Security Engineering

Simulation Research on Control Method of Chassis misuse Failure Chain

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Simulation Research on Control Method of Chassis Misuse Fail...

Alcohol and tobacco misuse: Reducing aerodigestive cancer risk

2020中国汽车工程学会年会暨展览会

作者： Han Chao Peng Liang Cao Zhenglin Chen Zhigang Wu Xiaoyi Jiang Daxin CHINA FAW GROUP Co. LTD.Product Development Center State Key Laboratory of Technology on Automobile NVH & Safety Control

With the increase of chassis lightweight designs,the possibility of chassis structure failure is *** small probability misuse events such as driving through a deep pothole at high-speed,striking a curb on icy road occur ***-misuse structure design has become the key path of *** prototype misuse test involve the problem extremely cost-intensive and timeconsuming modification and validation loops at the development *** this paper,the vehicle virtual misuse test method was used to study the misuse load,and then based on the load,and the forward control method of chassis failure chain is *** the simulation of chassis deformation,fracture and otherbehaviors,the failure chain of the chassis was controlled to prevent hidden damage and over-design,which greatly reduces the risk of the structural design and is beneficial to the lightweight of the structure.

关键词： misuse failure chain buckling tire FEA

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World Journal of Hepatology 2013年第8期5卷 452-457页

作者： Gavin Wright Marsha Y Morgan UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health Royal Free Campus University College London Medical School University College Department of Gastroenterology Basildon and Thurock University Hospitals

Significant concerns over the health,social and economic burdens of the two most common,and frequently co-misused drugs of abuse,alcohol and tobacco,has encouraged focused but separate health promotion and disease prevention ***,this separation of focus means that while individuals who present with alcohol-related problems are increasingly supported to attain and maintain abstinence from alcohol they are not routinely assisted to refrain from *** is tragically inopportune as alcohol and tobacco have an established"synergistic"effect on aerodigestive cancer ***,even when patients successfully tackle their alcohol problems they remain at increased risk for developing these cancers,especially if they continue to smoke.A case series is presented together with a discussion on how service provision for co-misuse could be improved to obviate aerodigestive cancer *** the prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use in the United Kingdom,these observations may have far reaching implications for the individual,health provider(s)and wider society.

关键词： Tobacco Alcohol Substance misuse Codependence Behavioural control Early intervention Preventive therapy Aerodigestive cancer Mortality

Opioid misuse in Canada and critical appraisal of aberrant behavior screening tools

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World Journal of Anesthesiology 2014年第1期3卷 61-70页

作者： Grace EC Frankel Howard Intrater Malcolm Doupe Michael Namaka Faculty of Pharmacy University of ManitobaManitoba R3E 0T5Canada

The incidence of prescription opioid misuse in Canada is increasing. Initiatives for safe prescribing practices for opioid medications include risk assessment for current and future opioid misuse. A clinical screening tool that can be universally applied to all patient populations is currently not available. Our objective was to provide a brief narrative review on opioid misuse from a Canadian perspective as well as a critical appraisal of the available clinical screening tools for detecting aberrant behaviors associated with opioid misuse. The Drug Abuse Screening Test, Addiction Behaviors Checklist, Diagnosis, Intractability, Risk and Efficacy Inventory, Pain Assessment and Documentation Tool, Prescription Drug Use Questionnaire, Prescription Opioid therapy Questionnaire, Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain(SOAPP), Revised SOAPP, Pain Medication Questionnaire, Opioid Risk Tool and Current Opioid misuse Measure were included in the following review. Overall, a wide variability in quality, sensitivity and specificity was observed between screening tools. There is an overall lack of applicability to diverse patient populations as the majority of screening tools have been validated in pain clinic populations only. To conclude, there is a great need for a validated and convenient aberrant behaviors risk assessment tool that can be applied to a diverse patient population in a clinical setting.

关键词： Opioid analgesics Opioid-related disorders Prescription drug misuse Risk assessment Drug-seeking behavior Canada

Drug Use and Abuse among Orthopedic Ward Patients—A Revolving Cycle of Menace in Atbuth, Bauchi

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第9期12卷 13-20页

作者： Yusuf Stephen Shaphat Shuaibu Ibrahim Timothy Emuan Buhari Abdullahi Zailani Bukar Shehu Aminu Umar Shirama Yakubu Bababa Ibrahim Babangida Hussaini Blessing Eneh Vincent Department of Orthoepaedics and Trauma Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital Bauchi Nigeria Department of Radiology Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital Bauchi Nigeria Department of Nursing Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital Bauchi Nigeria

Background: The use of drugs for purposes other than those for which they are meant to be used or in excess amounts. Psychoactive drugs are some of the drugs more commonly abused, also, antibiotics and other medications too can be misused. Drug abuse and misuse can lead to serious social, medical and emotional harm to the patients, and antibiotic resistance that makes treatment harder are also likely complications. Method: Patients in both male and female wards of the Orthoepaedics Department of ATBUTH, Bauchi were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and their responses were recorded and data were analyzed using the SPSS version 29. Results: A total of 112 patients were interviewed, 76 males and 36 females. Thirty-two (28.6%) patients had taken various kinds of unprescribed medications while on admission: 9 patients had taken unprescribed tramadol, 4 patients had taken codeine, 6 Ampiclox, 5 flagyl and about 8 patients had taken different kinds of traditional medications while on admission. Among the 32 patients, 23 (72%) are aged less than 30 years, 5 (16%) are aged between 30 and 50 years and 4 (12%) are aged above 50 years. Sixteen (50%) had such medications brought to them by relatives or friends, 10 (30%) were given by other patients on admission, 5 (15%) brought or bought the drugs by themselves while 1 (5%) were given by a non-clinical staff of the hospital. Conclusion: Drug misuse and abuse is a very serious, deleterious practice with destructive consequences in its wake, such consequences as drug dependency with all its antecedent effects, antibiotic resistance and difficulties in controlling/managing infections are but a few. So, it’s very important to both educate patients about these terrible practices and cope with the spread of them in our wards and hospitals.

关键词： Drug Abuse misuse Dependency Resistance

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警惕心理学研究中的统计误用