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Potential for human immunodeficiency virus parenteral transmission in the middle east and north africa: An analysis using hepatitis C virus as a proxy biomarker

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第36期20卷 12734-12752页

作者： Yousra A Mohamoud F DeWolfe Miller Laith J Abu-Raddad Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar Cornell University Qatar Foundation - Education City Doha 24144 Qatar Department of Tropical Medicine Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology John A Burns School of Medicine University of Hawaii Honolulu HI 96813 United States Department of Healthcare Policy and Re-search Weill Cornell Medical College Cornell University New York NY 11213 United States Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA 98109United States

The middle east and north africa(MENA) region has endured several major events of infection parenteral transmission. Recent work has established the utility of using hepatitis C virus(HCV) as a proxy biomarker for assessing the epidemic potential for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) parenteral transmission. In this review, we use data on the prevalence of HCV infection antibody(seroprevalence) among general population and high risk population groups to assess the potential for HIV parenteral transmission in MENA. Relatively low prevalence of HCV infection in the general population groups was reported in most MENA countries indicating that parenteral HIV transmission at endemic levels does not appear to be a cause for concern. Nonetheless, there could be opportunities for localized HIV outbreaks and transmission of other blood-borne infections in some settings such as healthcare facilities. Though there have been steady improvements in safety measures related to parenteral modes of transmission in the region, these improvements have not been uniform across all countries. More precautions, including infection control training programs, surveillance systems for nosocomial infections and wider coverage and evaluation of hepatitis B virus immunization programs need to be implemented to avoid the unnecessary spread of HIV, HCV, and other blood-borne pathogens along the parenteral modes of transmission.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Human immunodeficiency virus Parenteral transmission middle east and north africa Proxy biomarker

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Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes in the middle east and north africa:Challenges and call for action

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第9期12卷 1401-1425页

作者： Imad M El-Kebbi Nayda H Bidikian Layal Hneiny Mona Philippe Nasrallah Department of Internal Medicine Division of EndocrinologyAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterFaculty of MedicineBeirut 11072020Lebanon Department of Internal Medicine Sheikh Shakhbout Medical CityAbou Dhabi 11001United Arab Emirates School of Medicine American University of BeirutFaculty of MedicineBeirut 11072020Lebanon University Libraries Saab Medical LibraryAmerican University of BeirutBeirut 11072020Lebanon

Type 2 diabetes continues to be a serious and highly prevalent public health problem *** 2019,the highest prevalence of diabetes in the world at 12.2%,with its associated morbidity and mortality,was found in the middle east and north africa *** addition to a genetic predisposition in its population,evidence suggests that obesity,physical inactivity,urbanization,and poor nutritional habits have contributed to the high prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in the *** risk factors have also led to an earlier onset of type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents,negatively affecting the productive years of the youth and their quality of ***,efforts to control the rising prevalence of diabetes and its complications have been challenged and complicated by the political instability and armed conflict in some countries of the region and the recent coronavirus disease *** strategies,coupled with targeted interventions at the regional,national,and community levels are needed to address and curb the spread of this public health crisis.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes middle east and north africa Epidemiology Prevalence Prediabetes Complications

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Hepatitis C virus among blood donors and general population in middle east and north africa:Meta-analyses and meta-regressions

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2022年第1期10卷 12-24页

作者： Sarwat Mahmud Hiam Chemaitelly Ahmed S Alaama Joumana G Hermez Laith Abu-Raddad Disease Epidemiology Group Weill Cornell Medicine-QatarDoha 24144Qatar Department of Communicable Diseases HIV/Hepatitis/STIs UnitWorld Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern MediterraneanCairo 11371Egypt

BACKGROUND Despite the middle east and north africa(MENA)Region reported to have the highest prevalence of hepatitis C virus(HCV)globally,HCV infection levels in the majority of MENA countries remain inadequately *** donor data have been previously used as a proxy to assess levels and trends of HCV in the general population,however,it is unclear how comparable these populations are in MENA and whether blood donors provide an appropriate *** To delineate HCV epidemiology among blood donors and the general population in the *** The data source was the systematically gathered MENA HCV Epidemiology Synthesis Project ***-effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions were *** comparison,analyses were conducted for Europe,utilizing the Hepatitis C Prevalence Database of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and *** One thousand two hundred and thirteen HCV antibody prevalence measures and 84 viremic rate measures were analyzed for *** hundred and seventyseven antibody prevalence measures were analyzed for *** MENA,pooled mean prevalence was 1.58%[95%confidence interval(CI):1.48%–1.69%]among blood donors and 4.49%(95%CI:4.10%–4.90%)in the general *** Europe,pooled prevalence was 0.11%(95%CI:0.10%–0.13%)among blood donors and 1.59%(95%CI:1.25%–1.97%)in the general *** in the general population was 1.72-fold(95%CI:1.50–1.97)higher than that in blood donors in MENA,but it was 15.10-fold(95%CI:11.48–19.86)higher in *** was declining at a rate of 4%per year in both MENA and Europe[adjusted risk ratio:0.96(95%CI:0.95–0.97)in MENA and 0.96(95%CI:0.92–0.99)in Europe].Pooled mean viremic rate in MENA was 76.29%(95%CI:67.64%–84.02%)among blood donors and 65.73%(95%CI:61.03%–70.29%)in the general *** Blood donor data provide a useful proxy for HCV infection in the wider population in MENA,but not Europe,and could improve HCV burden estimations and

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Viral hepatitis Blood donors General population middle east and north africa Meta-analysis Meta-regression

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The Turbulent middle east: Analysing Security Issues facing China’s Belt and Road Initiative towards the Region

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Asian Journal of middle eastern and Islamic Studies 2019年第2期13卷 195-210页

作者： Henelito A.Sevilla Asian Center University of the Philippines DilimanQuezon CityPhilippines

Since the announcement of the‘Belt and Road Initiative’(BRI)in 2013,China has yet to unveil the greatest challenge facing the implementation of this *** middle east offers both strategic as well as resource opportunities for China but the region remains fluid and unstable security *** regional alliances,a dissatisfied labour force,pressures from non-state actors,gender discrimination and human rights abuses and sustained external intervention are just some of the security issues facing the middle *** would China navigate itself in such a volatile region without jeopardizing its interests and without breaking the principles of non-intervention and sovereignty?More importantly,what type of power does China want to project vis-a-vis the region?This paper argues that the middle east region,among all the world’s regions,is the most critical for the success of the ***’s ability to maximize gains amidst regional security challenges will determine the future of its global political and economic *** region is a test for China’s diplomacy and credibility,which are crucial for its status as a future global power.

关键词： China middle east and north africa national interest foreign policy power projection Belt and Road Initiative

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The Fate of the Arab Spring:Ten Propositions

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Asian Journal of middle eastern and Islamic Studies 2018年第3期12卷 273-289,I0001页

作者： Adam Roberts Balliol College Oxford UniversityOxfordUnited Kingdom

This article attempts to set the discussion of the Arab Spring in the context of one of the great challenges of our times:how social and international order can develop in the wake of *** outlines some of the main events of the Arab Spring–the series of political and social movements that played significant roles in many of the countries of the middle east and north africa from December 1990 *** focuses on the central role of civil resistance(*** non-violent action)in the Arab Spring,and mentions some of the main controversies regarding its *** notes the variations in aims:in some countries demonstrators called for the fall of the regime,while elsewhere the main demand was for *** warns against certain deceptively simple lessons about the Arab Spring generally that are in danger of gaining traction in and beyond the *** shows,in simple tabular form,how different the countries involved in the Arab Spring *** outcomes were very *** included effective constitutional change in Tunisia,revival of a long-established system of rule in Egypt,internationalized civil wars in Yemen and Syria,and continuation of demands for reform in monarchical states including Morocco,Jordan and *** propositions about the role of civil resistance in the Arab Spring are *** central arguments are that civil resistance,if it displaces a regime without providing for an effective succession,can involuntarily contribute to social disorder;that the decentralized and ad hoc quality of the leadership of some of the movements in the Arab Spring may have hindered their performance;and,above all,that outcomes depended heavily on the composition and circumstances of each individual country.

关键词： Arab Spring civil resistance democracy middle east and north africa non-violent action

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