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Suitability of Hermetia illucens larvae meal and fat in broiler diets:effects on animal performance,apparent ileal digestibility,gut histology,and Microbial metabolites

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第5期13卷 1386-1401页

作者： Kristina Hartinger Katharina Froschl Marco Antonio Ebbing Barbara Bruschek-Pfleger Karl Schedle Christiane Schwarz Martin Gierus Department of Agrobiotechnology Institute of Animal NutritionLivestock Productsand Nutrition PhysiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria

Background:The possibility of partially replacing soybean meal(SBM)with Hermetia illucens(HI)defatted larvae meal in broiler nutrition has frequently been suggested.For sustainability reasons,however,the larvae fat produced during defatting should also be used and could be particularly beneficial regarding gut health due to its fatty acid composition.To evaluate the suitability of HI larvae as protein and fat source,a 2×3 factorial arrangement with two types of protein,i.e.SBM(S)or SBM and 15%of its crude protein replaced by HI larvae meal(L),and three levels of fat sources,namely 0(0 L),50%(50 L)or 100%HI larvae fat(100 L)at the expense of soybean oil was applied.Results:In the starter phase,an interaction showed higher body weight(BW),average daily gain(ADG)and improved feed conversion ratio(FCR)if 50%or 100%HI larvae fat was fed with HI larvae meal.Moreover,BW,ADG and FCR improved when feeding HI larvae meal as protein source.Additionally,we observed an increased average daily feed intake in the grower,finisher,and overall phase in the L groups and an improved FCR in 0 L compared to 50 L groups during the overall period.Regarding apparent ileal digestibility,HI larvae meal feeding increased dry matter,organic matter,and fat digestibility.Feeding HI larvae meal as protein source decreased the concentrations of agmatine,spermidine,spermine and ammonia in the caecal digesta,whereas fat source affected agmatine with higher concentrations in 50 L compared to 0 L in the colonic digesta.In contrast,caecal ethanolamine concentrations increased in HI larvae meal groups compared to SBM.Caecal butyric acid concentrations decreased with HI larvae meal feeding.An interaction was found for the jejunal villus area,being higher in L+100 L compared to S+100 L.Furthermore,L groups had greater villus width.Conclusions:A partial replacement of SBM with HI larvae meal and soybean oil with HI larvae fat in broiler diets without impairing animal performance or gut health seems possible.Feeding HI larvae meal affected broiler perform

关键词： Broiler chicken Hermetia illucens Larvae fat Larvae meal Lauric acid Microbial metabolites Performance

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Fecal scores and Microbial metabolites in weaned piglets fed different protein sources and levels

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第1期4卷 31-36页

作者： Xiaolu Wen Li Wang Chuntian Zheng Xuefen Yang Xianyong Ma Yunpeng Wu Zhuang Chen Zongyong Jiang Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China Ministry of AgricultureState Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry BreedingGuangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionGuangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionInstitute of Animal ScienceGuangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Agro-Biological Gene Research Center Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences

This experiment studied the effects of dietary protein sources and levels on the gut health of piglets,p H value,and concentrations of Microbial metabolites(ammonia-N,volatile fatty acids [VFA],and polyamines) in the distal colonic and proximal colonic digesta of piglets weaned at 21 d of age.A total of 150 early-weaned piglets were allotted randomly to 5 diets: 1) control diet(CT; 17% CP),2) CT formulated with more soy protein concentrate(SPC19; 19% CP),3) more fish meal(FM19; 19% CP),4) CT formulated with more soy protein concentrate(SPC23; 23% CP),and 5) more fish meal(FM23; 23%CP).Results showed high protein level increased fecal score(P 0.05).The p H value and ammonia-N concentration of digesta in the proximal and distal colon of FM23 were significantly higher(P 0.05).Histamine and spermidine concentrations of FM23 were higher than those of other treatments(P Microbial metabolites(ammonia-N,histamine,putrescine) in colonic digesta and aggravated piglets' diarrhea.

关键词： Piglet Protein level Protein source Microbial metabolites Diarrhea

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Regulation of serotonin production by specific microbes from piglet gut

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第6期14卷 2539-2553页

作者： Ziyu Liu Yidan Ling Yu Peng Shuibing Han Yuting Ren Yujia Jing Wenlu Fan Yong Su Chunlong Mu Weiyun Zhu Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina. National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal ScienceNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina. Hubei CAT Biological Technology Co. Ltd.WuhanChina. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada

Background Serotonin is an important signaling molecule that regulates secretory and sensory functions in the gut.Gut microbiota has been demonstrated to affect serotonin synthesis in rodent models.However,how gut microbes regulate intestinal serotonin production in piglets remains vague.To investigate the relationship between microbiota and serotonin specifically in the colon,microbial composition and serotonin concentration were analyzed in ileum-cannulated piglets subjected to antibiotic infusion from the ileum when comparing with saline infusion.Microbes that correlated positively with serotonin production were isolated from piglet colon and were further used to investi-gate the regulation mechanisms on serotonin production in IPEC-J2 and a putative enterochromaffin cell line RIN-14B cells.Results Antibiotic infusion increased quantities of Lactobacillus amylovorus(LA)that positively correlated with increased serotonin concentrations in the colon,while no effects observed for Limosilactobacillus reuteri(LR).To understand how microbes regulate serotonin,representative strains of LA,LR,and Streptococcus alactolyticus(SA,enriched in feces from prior observation)were selected for cell culture studies.Compared to the control group,LA,LR and SA supernatants significantly up-regulated tryptophan hydroxylase 1(TPH1)expression and promoted serotonin production in IPEC-J2 cells,while in RIN-14B cells only LA exerted similar action.To investigate potential mechanisms mediated by microbe-derived molecules,Microbial metabolites including lactate,acetate,glutamine,andγ-aminobutyric acid were selected for cell treatment based on computational and metabolite profiling in bacte-rial supernatant.Among these metabolites,acetate upregulated the expression of free fatty acid receptor 3 and TPH1 while downregulated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1.Similar effects were also recapitulated when treating the cells with AR420626,an agonist targeting free fatty acid receptor 3.Conclusions Overall,these results suggest that Lactobacillus am

关键词： Colon Lactobacillus Microbial metabolites Serotonin

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Relationship Between Short-chain Fatty Acids and Parkinson's Disease: A Review from Pathology to Clinic

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NEUROSCIENCE BULLETIN 2024年第4期40卷 500-516页

作者： Duan, Wen-Xiang Wang, Fen Liu, Jun-Yi Liu, Chun-Feng Soochow Univ Affiliated Hosp 2 Dept Neurol Suzhou 215004 Peoples R China Soochow Univ Affiliated Hosp 2 Clin Res Ctr Neurol Dis Suzhou 215004 Peoples R China Soochow Univ Jiangsu Key Lab Neuropsychiat Dis Suzhou 215123 Peoples R China Soochow Univ Inst Neurosci Suzhou 215123 Peoples R China Soochow Univ Dushu Lake Hosp Dept Neurol Suzhou 215125 Peoples R China

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complicated neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the accumulation of & alpha;-synuclein (& alpha;-syn) in Lewy bodies and neurites, and massive loss of midbrain dopamine neurons. Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota and Microbial metabolites are involved in the development of PD. Among these, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the most abundant Microbial metabolites, have been proven to play a key role in brain-gut communication. In this review, we analyze the role of SCFAs in the pathology of PD from multiple dimensions and summarize the alterations of SCFAs in PD patients as well as their correlation with motor and non-motor symptoms. Future research should focus on further elucidating the role of SCFAs in neuroinflammation, as well as developing novel strategies employing SCFAs and their derivatives to treat PD.

关键词： Parkinson's disease Short-chain fatty acids Microbial metabolites Brain-gut-microbiota axis PROTECTS DOPAMINERGIC-NEURONS BRAIN-BARRIER PERMEABILITY GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 SODIUM-BUTYRATE ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN GUT MICROBIOTA MONOCARBOXYLATE TRANSPORTERS INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY COLONIC INFLAMMATION METABOLITE BUTYRATE

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Intestinal flora: New perspective of type 2 diabetes

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第11期12卷 1996-1999页

作者： Yan Liu Jun Chang Li-Ding Bai Department of Gastroenterology Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineTianjinTianjin 300100China First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 300381China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 300193China

Diabetes comprises a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia stemming from various factors.Current diabetes management primarily focuses on blood glucose control,yet it is inherently progressive,necessitating increased reliance on exogenous blood glucose control methods over time.Therefore,there is an urgent need to explore novel intervention strategies addressing both diabetes and its complications.The human intestinal microbiota,often referred to as the"second genome",exhibits significant diversity and plays a pivotal role in insulin resistance,glucose and lipid metabolism,and inflammatory response.Notably,Li and Guo have elucidated the involvement of intestinal flora in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and proposed a novel therapeutic approach targeting intestinal microbes.This advancement enhances our comprehension of the multifaceted and multi-target regulation of T2DM by intestinal microflora,thereby offering fresh avenues for understanding its pathogenesis and clinical management.This letter briefly summarizes the role of intestinal flora in T2DM based on findings from animal experiments and clinical studies.Additionally,it discusses the potential clinical applications and challenges associated with targeting intestinal flora as therapeutic interventions.

关键词： Microbial metabolites Intestinal flora Probiotics Insulin resistance Type 2 diabetes

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Gut microbiome:New perspectives for type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第31期11卷 7508-7520页

作者： Shu-Xiao Li Yan Guo School of Clinical Medicine Changchun University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChangchun 130000Jilin ProvinceChina

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),which is distinguished by increased glucose levels in the bloodstream,is a metabolic disease with a rapidly increasing incidence worldwide.Nevertheless,the etiology and characteristics of the mechanism of T2DM remain unclear.Recently,abundant evidence has indicated that the intestinal microbiota is crucially involved in the initiation and progression of T2DM.The gut microbiome,the largest microecosystem,engages in material and energy metabolism in the human body.In this review,we concentrated on the correlation between the gut flora and T2DM.Meanwhile,we summarized the pathogenesis involving the intestinal flora in T2DM,as well as therapeutic approaches aimed at modulating the gut microbiota for the management of T2DM.Through the analysis presented here,we draw attention to further exploration of these research directions.

关键词： Microbial metabolites Intestinal flora Probiotics Insulin resistance Type 2 diabetes

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Human Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2018年第1期16卷 33-49页

作者： Changting Meng Chunmei Bai Thomas D. Brown Leroy E. Hood Qiang Tian Institute for Systems Biology Seattle WA 98109 USA Department of Oncology Peking Union Medical College Hospital Beijing 100730 China Swedish Cancer Institute Seattle WA 98104 USA P4 Medicine Institute Seattle WA 98109 USA

Human gut microbiota play an essential role in both healthy and diseased states of humans. In the past decade, the interactions between microorganisms and tumors have attracted much attention in the efforts to understand various features of the complex microbial communities, as well as the possible mechanisms through which the microbiota are involved in cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, and anti-cancer therapy. A large number of studies have indicated that microbial dysbiosis contributes to cancer susceptibility via multiple pathways. Further studies have suggested that the microbiota and their associated metabolites are not only closely related to carcinogenesis by inducing inflammation and immune dysregulation, which lead to genetic instability, but also inter- fere with the pharmacodynamics of anticancer agents. In this article, we mainly reviewed the influ- ence of gut microbiota on cancers in the gastrointestinal （GI） tract （including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers） and the regulation of microbiota by diet, prebiotics, pro- biotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, or the Traditional Chinese Medicine. We also proposed some new strategies in the prevention and treatment of GI cancers that could be explored in the future. We hope that this review could provide a comprehensive overview of the studies on the interactions between the gut microbiota and GI cancers, which are likely to yield translational opportunities to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality by improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

关键词： Inflammation Immune regulation Microbial metabolites Carcinogenesis Traditional ChineseMedicine

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Gut microbiota-astrocyte axis: new insights into age-related cognitive decline

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 990-1008页

作者： Lan Zhang Jingge Wei Xilei Liu Dai Li Xiaoqi Pang Fanglian Chen Hailong Cao Ping Lei Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Department of GeriatricsTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina Tianjin Geriatrics Institute Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tianjin Medical University General HospitalNational Key Clinical SpecialtyTianjin Institute of Digestive DiseasesTianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseasesTianjinChina Department of Urology Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina Tianjin Neurological Institution Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina

With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota,Microbial metabolites,and the functions of astrocytes.The microbiota–gut–brain axis has been the focus of multiple studies and is closely associated with cognitive function.This article provides a comprehensive review of the specific changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota and Microbial metabolites in older individuals and discusses how the aging of astrocytes and reactive astrocytosis are closely related to age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.This article also summarizes the gut microbiota components that affect astrocyte function,mainly through the vagus nerve,immune responses,circadian rhythms,and Microbial metabolites.Finally,this article summarizes the mechanism by which the gut microbiota–astrocyte axis plays a role in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.Our findings have revealed the critical role of the microbiota–astrocyte axis in age-related cognitive decline,aiding in a deeper understanding of potential gut microbiome-based adjuvant therapy strategies for this condition.

关键词： age aging Alzheimer’s disease astrocytes cognitive decline dementia gut microbiota gut–brain axis Microbial metabolites neuroinflammation Parkinson’s disease

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Effects of vegetarian diet-associated nutrients on gut microbiota and intestinal physiology

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2022年第2期11卷 208-217页

作者： Wei Xiao Qingsong Zhang Leilei Yu Fengwei Tian Wei Chen Qixiao Zhai State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China Beijing Innovation Center of Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University(BTBU)Beijing 100048China

People are increasingly aware of the role of vegetarian diets in modulating human gut microbial abundance and intestinal physiology.A plant-based diet is thought to benefit host health by contributing to establish a diverse and stable microbiome.In addition,microbe-derived metabolites of specific nutrients known to be abundant in vegetarian diets(such as indigestible carbohydrates,arginine,and others) are important to promote effective intestinal immune responses,maintain intestinal barrier function,and protect against pathogens.This review explores the characteristics of the gut microbiome formed by vegetarian diets and the effects of diet-associated nutrients on intestinal microbial abundance.The interactions between the microbe-derived metabolites of vegetarian diet-associated nutrients and intestinal physiology are also discussed.

关键词： Vegetarian diet Gut microbiota Microbial metabolites Intestinal physiology

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Discovery of new hazimycin congeners from Kitasatospora sp.P07101

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2015年第6期5卷 564-568页

作者： Nobuhiro Koyama Hirofumi Sato Hiroshi Tomoda Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kitasato University

In an analytical study of microbial broths,the actinomycete strain Kitasatospora sp.P07101 was found to produce three new congeners,which were designated hazimycins B(1),C(2),and D(3),together with the previously reported hazimycin(renamed hazimycin A(4)).The structures of these hazimycins were examined using various spectroscopic methods including nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),and the results revealed that 1–3 were analogues of hazimycin with the replacement of one of the two isonitrile groups in 4 by an NH-formyl group in 1,the two isonitrile groups and an amide group by two NH-formyl groups and a nitrile group in 2,and the two isonitrile groups and two amide groups by two NH-formyl groups and two nitrile groups in 3.Only hazimycin A exhibited moderate antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans.These results indicated that the presence of two isonitrile groups in the hazimycin structure is essential for antimicrobial activity.

关键词： Hazimycin Isonitrile Nitrile Microbial metabolites Kitasatospora

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