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Dietary citrus pectin drives more ileal microbial protein metabolism and stronger fecal carbohydrate fermentation over fructooligosaccharide in growing pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 252-263页

作者： Yanan Zhang Chunlong Mu Shuai Liu Weiyun Zhu Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal HealthCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Fructo-oligosaccharide(FOS)and pectin are known soluble dietary fibers and can influence gut microbiota and consequently modulate gut health.To understand the differential impact patterns of pectin vs.FOS in modulating gut microbiota in the small and large intestine,an ileal-cannulated pig model was adopted to compare the temporal and spatial effects of FOS and citrus pectin(CP)on the gut microbiota.Sixteen terminal ileal-cannulated pigs were randomly divided into 2 groups and fed with a standard diet supplemented with either 3% FOS or 3% CP for 28 d.The CP group and FOS group showed different microbial composition,especially in the feces,with time and location as major factors affecting microbiota in the CP group,and with only location contribution in the FOS group.In the feces,relative to the FOS group,the CP group showed higher abundance of Christensenellaceae R-7 group and Ruminococcaceae UCG-010 and lower abundance of Mitsuokella and Olsenella(adjusted Pmicrobial carbohydrate fermentation.In the ileum,as compared with FOS,CP increased the bacteria with high capability of fermenting amino acids,including Escherichia-Shigella and Klebsiella(adjusted Pmicrobial composition and metabolism in the gut.The dietary CP has a stronger ability to promote microbial amino acid fermentation in the ileum and carbohydrate fermentation in the feces than FOS.These findings provide a new insight into the role of different fibers

关键词： Fructo-oligosaccharide Citrus pectin Gut microbiota microbial metabolism Pig

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Real-Time Monitoring of Dynamic Chemical Processes in microbial metabolism with Optical Sensors

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2023年第15期41卷 1836-1840页

作者： Na Chen Di Cheng Tianpei He Quan Yuan Institute of Molecular Medicine Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityCollge of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei 430072China Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory(MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and ChemometricsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan UniversityChangshaHunan 410082China

Monitoring microbial metabolism is vital for revealing the mechanism of disease related to microbial metabolism and providing guidance for biomanufacturing processes optimization.However,it remains a grand challenge to offer real-time insights into microbial metabolism owing to the complex and dynamic process.In this paper,the recent advances and prospects of optical biosensors including the organic,genetic coding and inorganic optical biosensors are briefly described for real-time monitoring of dynamic microbial metabolism.This paper points out that challenges remain in microbial heterogeneity.We believe that this work will inspire the application of developing new methods for single cell real-time analysis.

关键词： Real-time microbial metabolism Dynamic Monitoring Optical biosensor

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Convergent pathways of the gut microbiota–brain axis and neurodegenerative disorders

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Gastroenterology Report 2022年第1期10卷 90-107页

作者： Carolina Gubert Juciano Gasparotto Livia H.Morais Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Melbourne Brain CentreUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade Federal de AlfenasRua Gabriel Monteiro da SilvaAlfenasMinas GeraisBrasil Division of Biology&Biological Engineering California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA

Recent research has been uncovering the role of the gut microbiota for brain health and disease.These studies highlight the role of gut microbiota on regulating brain function and behavior through immune,metabolic,and neuronal pathways.In this review we provide an overview of the gut microbiota axis pathways to lay the groundwork for upcoming sessions on the links between the gut microbiota and neurogenerative disorders.We also discuss how the gut microbiota may act as an intermediate factor between the host and the environment to mediate disease onset and neuropathology.Based on the current literature,we further examine the potential for different microbiota-based therapeutic strategies to prevent,to modify,or to halt the progress of neurodegeneration.

关键词： gut microbiota-brain axis neurodegeneration inflammation microbial metabolism gut microbiota

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Rhamnolipids Induced by Glycerol Enhance Dibenzothiophene Biodegradation in Burkholderia sp. C3

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Engineering 2020年第5期6卷 533-540页

作者： Camila AOrtega Ramirez Abraham Kwan Qing X.Li Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA

In highly urbanized areas,pollution from anthropogenic activities has compromised the integrity of the land,decreasing soil availability for agricultural practices.Dibenzothiophene(DBT)is a heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon frequently found in urbanized areas,and is often used as a model chemical to study the microbial transformation of pollutants.The potential for human exposure and its health risk makes DBT a chemical of concern;thus,it needs to be environmentally managed.We utilized glycerol to stimulate Burkholderia sp.C3 in order to degrade DBT in respect to①DBT biodegradation kinetics,②bacterial growth,③rhamnolipid(RL)biosynthesis,and④RL secretion.Under an optimum glycerol-to-DBT molar ratio,the DBT biodegradation rate constants increased up to 18-fold and enhanced DBT biodegradation by 25%–30%at day 1 relative to cultivation with DBT alone.This enhancement was correlated with an increase in bacterial growth and RL biosynthesis.Proteomics studies revealed the enzymes involved in the upper and main steps of RL biosynthesis.The RL congeners Rha-C10-C10,Rha-Rha-C10-C10,Rha-Rha-C10-C12,and Rha-Rha-C12-C12 were identified in the medium supplemented with glycerol and DBT,whereas only Rha-C12-C12 was identified in cultures without glycerol or with RL inhibitors.The studies indicated that glycerol enhances DBT biodegradation via increased RL synthesis and bacterial growth.The results warrant further studies of environmental biostimulation with glycerol to advance bioremediation technologies and increase soil availability for agricultural purposes.

关键词： Biodegradation Bioremediation Biosurfactant Biotransformation Glycerol microbial metabolism Rhamnolipid

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Dredging effects on selected nutrient concentrations and ecoenzymatic activity in two drainage ditch sediments in the lower Mississippi River Valley

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第3期5卷 190-195页

作者： Matt Moore Martin A.Locke Michael Jenkins Robert W.Steinriede Daniel S.McChesney USDA-Agricultural Research Service National Sedimentation Laboratory598 McElroy DriveOxfordMS 38655USA

Agricultural drainage ditches are conduits between production acreage and receiving aquatic systems.Often overlooked for their mitigation capabilities,agricultural drainage ditches provide an important role for nutrient transformation via microbial metabolism.Variations in ecoenzyme activities have been used to elucidate microbial metabolism and resource demand of microbial communities to better understand the relationship between altered nutrient ratios and microbial activity in aquatic ecosystems.Two agricultural drainage ditches,one in the northeast portion of the Arkansas Delta and the other in the lower Mississippi Delta,were monitored for a year.Sediment samples were collected prior to each ditch being dredged(cleaned),and subsequent post-dredging samples occurred as soon as access was available.Seasonal samples were then collected throughout a year to examine effects of dredging on selected nutrient concentrations and ecoenzymatic activity recovery in drainage ditch sediments.Phosphorus concentrations in sediments after dredging decreased 33–66%,depending on ditch and phosphorus extraction methodology.Additionally,ecoenzymatic activity was significantly decreased in most sediment samples after dredging.Fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis activity,an estimate of total microbial activity,decreased 56–67%after dredging in one of the two ditches.Many sample sites also had significant phosphorus and ecoenzymatic activity differences between the post-dredge samples and the year-long follow-up samples.Results indicate microbial metabolism in dredged drainage ditches may take up to a year or more to recover to pre-dredged levels.Likewise,while sediment nutrient concentrations may be decreased through dredging and removal,runoff and erosion events over time tend to quickly replenish nutrient concentrations in replaced sediments.Understanding nutrient dynamics and microbial metabolism within agricultural drainage ditches is a crucial step toward addressing issues of nutrient enrichment in aquatic receiving systems,espe

关键词： Phosphorus FDA Denitrification Mehlich III microbial metabolism

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Evaluation methods of heavy metal pollution in soils based on enzyme activities:A review

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Soil Ecology Letters 2021年第3期3卷 169-177页

作者： Yongxing Cui Xia Wang Xiangxiang Wang Xingchang Zhang Linchuan Fang State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water Conservation CAS and MWRYangling 712100China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Xi’an 710061China

Soil enzyme activities have been suggested as suitable indicators for the evaluation of metal contamination because they are susceptible to microbial changes caused by heavy metal stress and are strictly related to soil nutrient cycles.However,there is a growing lack of recognition and summary of the historic advancements that use soil enzymology as the proposal of evaluation methods.Here,we review the most common methods of heavy metal pollution evaluation based on enzyme activities,which include single enzyme index,combined enzyme index,enzyme-based functional diversity index,microbiological stress index,and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry models.This review critically examines the advantages and disadvantages of these methods based on their execution complexity,performance,and ecological implications and gets a glimpse of avenues to come to improved future evaluation systems.Indices based on a single enzyme are variable and have no consistent response to soil heavy metals,and the following three composite indices are characterized by the loss of many critical microbial processes,which thus not conducive to reflect the effects of heavy metals on soil ecosystems.Considering the dexterity of ecoenzymatic stoichiometry methods in reflecting changes in soil functions under heavy metal stress,we propose that microbial metabolic limitations quantified by ecoenzymatic stoichiometry models could be promising indicators for enhancing the reality and acceptance of results and further improving the potential for actual utility in environmental decision-making.

关键词： Soil heavy metals Pollution assessment microbial metabolism Enzyme activities Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry Biological indicators

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The Population Features of Methanogens and the Biodegradation of Hydrocarbons in Coal Organic Matters

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第A1期89卷 446-447页

作者： LI Qingguang JU Yiwen SUN Yue BAO Yuan Key Lab of Computational Geodynamics of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Methanogens are essential in the formation of biogenic methane and have wide distribution in lakes, swamps, paddy fields and ruminant rumen in the earth surface ecosystem. As a very important greenhouse gas, methane o... 详细信息

关键词： METHANOGENS METHANE COAL ORGANIC compounds microbial metabolism BIOTRANSFORMATION (metabolism)

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Advances in the Correlation between Intestinal Microbiota and Breast Cancer Development

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2020年第12期11卷 758-771页

作者： Yonglan Jiang Xinping Chen Shengmiao Fu Hainan Hospital Affiliated to The Hainan Medical College Central Laboratory Hainan General Hospital Hainan Provincial Key Labor-atory of Cell and Molecular Genetic Translational Medicine Hainan China

The intestinal microbiota has a symbiotic relationship with humans. It participates in some important physiological activities in the human body and has an important impact on human health. It has become a hot topic of research by scientists in recent years. Among them, the research on the correlation between intestinal microbiota and cancer has increased rapidly. At present, the incidence rate of breast cancer is increasing, which seriously endangers the health of women. More and more studies have found that the occurrence of breast cancer is related to intestinal microbiota, and its possible mechanism includes intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, estrogen metabolism changes, immune regulation, and the participation of intestinal microbiota metabolites, etc. With the further development of high-throughput sequencing technology, the research on the correlation between intestinal microbiota and breast cancer has become more in-depth, from a structural level confined to microorganisms to a more comprehensive system structure and function level. These research results provide a new research direction for the treatment of breast cancer. In order to further study the interaction between intestinal microbes and breast cancer, this article will comprehensively describe the intestinal microbiota and breast cancer from four aspects: intestinal microbial dysbiosis, altered estrogen metabolism, immune regulation, and intestinal microbial metabolites. It also reviews the application research of intestinal microbiota in breast cancer treatment, including the influence of intestinal microbiota on the effects of breast cancer radiotherapy and chemotherapy, probiotic therapy, and dietotherapy.

关键词： Breast Cancer microbial Dysbiosis Estrogen metabolism Immune Response microbial metabolism

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