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Presence of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia in water samples from Southeast Asia: towards an integrated water detection system

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 15-26页

作者： Thulasi Kumar Mohamad Azlan Abd Majid Subashini Onichandran Narong Jaturas Hemah Andiappan Cristina C.Salibay Hazel A.L.Tabo Norbel Tabo Julieta Z.Dungca Jitbanjong Tangpong Sucheep Phiriyasamith Boonyaorn Yuttayong Raxsina Polseela Binh Nhu Do Nongyao Sawangjaroen Tian-Chye Tan Yvonne A.L.Lim Veeranoot Nissapatorn Department of Parasitology(Southeast Asia Water Team) Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia Biological Science Department College of Science and Computer StudiesDe La Salle University-DasmariñasDasmariñasPhilippines School of Science and Technology Centro Escolar UniversityManilaPhilippines School of Allied Health Sciences and Public Health Walailak UniversityNakhon Si ThammaratThailand. Graduate School Kasem Bundit UniversityBangkokThailand. Regional Medical Sciences Center Department of Medical SciencesMinistry of Public HealthNakhon RatchasimaThailand. Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of Medical ScienceNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand. Department of Parasitology Faculty of MedicineVietnam Military Medical University160 Phung Hung RoadPhuc La WardHa Dong DistrictHanoiVietnam Department of Microbiology Faculty of SciencePrince of Songkla UniversityHat YaiThailand

Background:Access to clean and safe drinking water that is free from pathogenic protozoan parasites,especially Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia that cause gastrointestinal illness in humans,is still an issue in Southeast Asia(SEA).This study is the first attempt to detect the aforementioned protozoan parasites in water samples from countries in SEA,using real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)***:A total of 221 water samples of 10 l each were collected between April and October 2013 from Malaysia(53),Thailand(120),the Philippines(33),and Vietnam(15).A physicochemical analysis was *** water samples were processed in accordance with the US Environmental Protection Agency’s methods 1622/1623.1,microscopically observed and subsequently screened using qPCR ***:Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in treated water samples from the Philippines(1/10),with a concentration of 0.06±0.19 oocyst/L,and untreated water samples from Thailand(25/93),Malaysia(17/44),and the Philippines(11/23),with concentrations ranging from 0.13±0.18 to 0.57±1.41 oocyst/*** cysts were found in treated water samples from the Philippines(1/10),with a concentration of 0.02±0.06 cyst/L,and in untreated water samples from Thailand(20/93),Vietnam(5/10),Malaysia(22/44),and the Philippines(16/23),with concentrations ranging from 0.12±0.3 to 8.90±19.65 cyst/*** pathogens *** and *** were detected using using qPCR assays by targeting the 138-bp fragment and the small subunit gene,*** was detected in untreated water samples from the Philippines(1/23)and Malaysia(2/44),whilst,*** detected was detected in treated water samples from the Philippines(1/10)and in untreated water samples from Thailand(21/93),Malaysia(12/44),and the Philippines(17/23).Nitrate concentration was found to have a high positive correlation with(oo)cyst(0.993).Conclusion:The presence of(oo)cysts in the water samples means that there is potential risk for

关键词： Cryptosporidium parvum Giardia lamblia Physicochemical microscopy Real-time polymerase chain reaction Southeast Asia

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Development of Niobium Oxide Coatings on Sand-Blasted Titanium Alloy Dental Implants

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2012年第5期3卷 301-305页

作者： Allen C. Mackey Robert L. Karlinsey Tien-Mien G. Chu Meoghan MacPherson Daniel L. Alge Department of Restorative Dentistry Indiana University School of Dentistry Indianapolis U.S.A. Indiana Nanotech Indianapolis U.S.A Indiana Nanotech Indianapolis U.S.A. Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette U.S.A.

The purpose of this study was to use scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation to determine the optimal anodizetion conditions needed to generate niobium oxide coatings on titanium alloy dental implant screws. Sand-blasted titanium alloy dental implants were anodized in dilute hydrofluoric acid (HF(aq)) solution using a Sorensen DLM 300-2 power supply. The HF concentration and anodization time were varied and the resulting implant surfaces were evaluated using a Jeol JSM-5310LV Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the ideal anodization conditions. While HF is necessary to facilitate oxide growth, increasing concentrations resulted in proportionate increases in coating delamination. In a similar manner, a minimum anodization time of 1 hour was necessary for oxide growth but longer times produced more delamination especially at higher HF(aq) concentrations. SEM imaging showed that implants anodized for 1 hour in a 0.1% HF(aq) aqueous solution had the best results. Anodization can be used to generate niobium oxide coatings on sand-blasted Ti alloy dental implants by balancing the competing factors of oxide growth and coating delamination. It is believed that these oxide coatings have the potential to improve osseointegration relative to untreated dental implants when evaluated in an in vivo study.

关键词： Anodization Niobium Oxide Dental Implant Scanning Electron microscopy

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A Novel and Simple Route to Synthesis Nanocrystalline Titanium Carbide Via the Reaction of Titanium Dioxide and Different Carbon Source

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2011年第11期2卷 1622-1626页

作者： Youjian Chen Yongyong Deng Hong Zhang Lihua Wang Jianhua Ma College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University

A novel and simple route for synthesizing nanocrystalline ceramic powders in molten salt was introduced in the paper. Titanium carbide (TiC) was prepared via the reaction of metallic magnesium powders with titanium dioxide (TiO2), carbon source and molten salt in an autoclave at 650°C. Carbon source (oxalic acid and citric acid) in this paper was stable, low toxic and cheap. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated that the products were cubic TiC. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the samples consisted of particles with an average size of 200 nm and 100 nm in diameter, respectively. Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) analysis of the samples suggested the products contained carbon and titanium elements. The product was also studied by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It had good thermal stability and oxidation resistance below 350°C in air.

关键词： Titanium Carbide Chemical Synthesis X-Ray Diffraction Scanning Electron microscopy

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TEM　observation　on　LAK　cells　killing　the　human　rectal　adenocarcinoma　cells　in　vitro

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Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China) 1994年第2期9卷 131-134页

作者：丁彦青李春德张进华朱梅刚王小宁罗荣城

Substructural changes during interaction between lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells and HR8348 cells were observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that: (1)after binding,the membranes of both LAK and HR8348 cells were thickened and condensed to various degrees,and their boundaries became unclear. Adherent plagues or junction-like strutures were formed,which were the morphological basis of effector-target stable binding; (2) some LAK cells inserted their protrusions into the depth of the target cells,and a few LAK cells penetrated into the taraet cells,which means LAK cells have the same'tumor-penetrating'function as natural killer (NK) and cytotoxic 1 lymphocytes (CTL) cells; (3) upon contact,the cytoplasmic organelles and granules of both cells were oriented toward the contact region,numerous microfilaments,microtubules,as well as lysosomes were aggregated at the site of contact,which plays some role in the lysis of the target cells; (4)upon binding,blebbing and ring punctures were apparent in the effector cells,whereas the target cells showed apoptotic or lytic necrosis. Apoptotic necrosis might be the result that non-perforin substances secreted by thet LAK cells triggered the action of endogeneous nucleotidase of the target cells by way of the receptors on the membrane, leading to the cleavage of DNA. The role of perforin,the entrance of calacium and magnesium ions,the edema of cells and the autolysis by lysosomes might be responsible for the lytic necrosis.

关键词： LAK cells rectal diseases adenocarcinoma electron microscopy human

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Simultaneous occurrence of transitional cell carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma in the same kidney:a casereport and review of the literature

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Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China) 1999年第2期14卷 153-156页

作者：印洪林周晓军陆珍凤钱源澄

This article reports a case of simultaneous occurrence of 2 primary renal tumors of different histology, a transitional cell carcinoma and a renal cell carcinoma. in the same kidney. The histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural changes of the tumors were described. A review of the literature to date revealed this case to be rare. only 24 other cases were reported previously.

关键词： renal cell carcinoma transitional cell carcinoma kidney neoplasm immunohistochemistry electron microscopy

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MICROCRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE STUDY DEMINERALIZATION AND REMINERALIZATION OF THE ARTIFICIAL CARIES OF HUMAN TOOTH ENAMEL

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Medical Bulletin of Shanghai Jiaotong University 1991年第2期14卷 17-21页

作者：张伟国刘瑷如温树林冯景伟 Department of Oral Pathology School of Stomatology SSMU Shanghai Laboratory of Structure Analysis Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Academia Sinica Shanghai

Microcrystalline structure changes of teeth enamel crystals during the artificial caries and synthetic saliva reminerlization were reported. Enamel samples were thinned by argon-ion-milling and examined by high-resolution transmitting electron microscope. The results revealed that the lattice dissolution of enamel hydroxyapatite started from central parts and grain boundaries of crystals, the former were often parallel to (1010) plane and advancing along the [0001] zone axis of crystals. The results also shown that synthetic saliva may reduce the quantity of bright contrast spots in lattice image for artificial carious crystals. In addition, some defects such as dislocations were found in grains, and they are believed to be related to the dissolution of lattice. Three kinds of structural weak sites revealed in crystals, i. e. (1)dislocations, (2) vacancies or impurities, and (3) grain boundaries.

关键词： dental enamel caries pathology ultrastructure crystals high-resolution electron microscopy

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Comparison of Direct Microbial Count Procedures for Planktonics and Sessiles Enumeration

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第21期5卷 2033-2037页

作者： Barbara Speranza Angela Racioppo Antonio Bevilacqua Milena Sinigaglia Clelia Altieri Department of the Science of Agriculture Food and Environment (SAFE) University of Foggia Foggia Italy

In the present investigation, the sensitivity of different direct microbial count procedures applied on systems containing both planktonics and sessiles was tested. The direct count pour plate was compared with direct epifluorescent microscopic enumerations in order to evaluate the efficiency of the studied techniques in giving information about microbial activity or viability. Our results indicate that the standard plate count procedure is the most sensitive method to estimate viable and cultivable planktonic cells. On the other hand, direct enumeration by epifluorescent microscopy may become an interesting alternative to count sessile cells.

关键词： Direct Viable Count Biofilm Epifluorescence microscopy Fluorochromes

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Measuring surface geometry of adherent cells using oblique transillumination

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2011年第5期2卷 359-363页

作者： Shinji Deguchi Haruhisa Bamba 不详

We present a new technique for estimating cell surface geometry. A dish supporting adherent cells is observed using oblique transillumination and rotated in the horizontal plane using a stepping motor. The stage rotation-dependent movements of the start and end points of a shadow formed behind the illuminated cells uniquely determine the relative height differences between points along the cell surface. Thus, using custom-made apparatuses and living endothelial cells, we demonstrate that the combination of a rotating stage and oblique lighting allows for the evaluation of three-dimensional surface geometry of adherent cells. As compared to confocal microscopy and atomic force microscopy, which are commonly used for measuring cell surface geometry, this approach can be performed rapidly and is especially suitable for the observation of unstained cells over a large surface covering multiple cells at a time.

关键词： 3D Cell Morphology Oblique Illumination Rotating Stage microscopy

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Coccoid <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Can Directly Adhere and Invade in Agminated Formation to Human Gastric Epithelial Cells

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Advances in Microbiology 2012年第2期2卷 112-116页

作者： Nagahito Saito Hong-Kean Ooi Kohei Konishi Eriko Shoji Mototsugu Kato Masahiro x Masahiro Asaka Division of Endoscopy Hokkaido University of Medical Hospital Sapporo Japan Gastroenterology and Hematology Section Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan Internal Medicine Nemuro City Hospital Nemuro Japan Gastroenterology and Hematology Section Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan Veterinary Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can infect into the epithelial cell to cause benign or malignant disorders. Under stressful environment, a spiral form of H. pylori is transformed into a coccoid form. The infectivity of the coccoid form is still controversial. Since spiral forms are transformed into two types of coccoid forms via different mechanisms, the infectivity of the two types of coccoid forms into human gastric epithelial cell was examined. A laboratory and a clinical strain of H. pyloriv were cultured in liquid medium under different conditions to produce the two types of coccoid forms. These coccoid H. pylorisv were then co-cultured with human derived gastric epithelial cell, MKN-28. Adhesion and penetration of bacteria into MKN-28 cells were monitored by scanning-, standard transmission- and immunotransmission-electron microscopy (SEM, TEM and ITEM). We observed that both coccoid forms were able to adhere onto the surface of MKN-28 cells in agminated formation and also penetrated into the gastric epithelial cells besides the spiral form of H. pyloriv. Coccoid H. pylori is not a passive entity but can actively infect the human gastric epithelial cell.

关键词： H. pylori Electron microscopy Coccoid Form Spiral Form Bacterial Infection Cag A

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Characteristics of echolocating bats’auditory stereocilia length, compared with other mammals

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2007年第4期50卷 492-496页

作者： YAO Qian1,6, ZENG JinYao2, ZHENG YongMei3, Julia LATHAM4, LIANG Bing1, JIANG Lei3 & ZHANG ShuYi51 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China 2 College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China 3 Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China 4 Zoological Society of London, Institute of Zoology, London, NW1 4RY, England 5 School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China 6 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China These authors contributed equally to this work 1. Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China 6. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China 2. College of Wildlife Resources Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 China 3. Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China 4. Zoological Society of London Institute of Zoology London NW1 4RY England 5. School of Life Science East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China

The stereocilia of the Organ of Corti in 4 different echolocating bats, Myotis adversus, Murina leuco-gaster, Nyctalus plancyi (Nyctalus velutinus), and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum were observed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Stereocilia lengths were estimated for comparison with those of non-echolocating mammals. The specialized lengths of outer hair cells (OHC) stereocilia in echolocating bats were shorter than those of non-echolocating mammals. The specialized lengths of inner hair cells (IHC) stereocilia were longer than those of outer hair cells stereocilia in the Organ of Corti of echolocating bats. These characteristics of the auditory stereocilia length of echolocating bats represent the fine architecture of the electromotility process, helping to adapt to high frequency sound and echolocation.

关键词： echolocating bats cochlea stereocilia scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

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