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Actions of N-acetylcysteine,daptomycin,vancomycin,and linezolid on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in the ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections:an experimental study

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Chinese Neurosurgical Journal 2022年第4期8卷 239-247页

作者： Tuba Kuruoglu Gamze Altun Enis Kuruoglu Derya BayırlıTuran Mehmet EminÖnger Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Medical FacultyOndokuz Mayıs UniversitySamsunTurkey Department of Histology and Embryology Medical FacultyOndokuz Mayıs University55139 SamsunTurkey Department of Neurosurgery Medical FacultyOndokuz Mayıs UniversitySamsunTurkey Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology School of MedicineYeni Yuzyil UniversityIstanbulTurkey Department of Neuroscience Health Science InstituteOndokuz Mayıs UniversitySamsunTurkey

Background:Shunt systems are used to provide cerebrospinal fluid drainage in the treatment of hydrocephalus.Recently,antibiotic-impregnated shunt systems are used to prevent colonization in the ventriculoperitoneal catheters.methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)is the most common causative microorganism of shunt infections.The aim of the study is to investigate effects of several substances on MRSA biofilms in the ventriculoperitoneal catheters.Methods:The present study consists of mainly eight groups(each has two subgroups as antibiotic-impregnated and nonantibiotic-impregnated catheters).In addition,each group contains six molds using MRSA strains.In this study,daptomycin(DAPT)(2 mg/ml),vancomycin(VAN)(10 mg/ml),linezolid(LIN)(2 mg/ml),N-acetylcysteine(NAC)(6 mg/ml),and various combinations of these substances were used to evaluate the treatment against MRSA using scanning electron microscope(SEM)images and microbiological enumeration.Results:The colony count in the antibiotic-impregnated samples significantly decreased compared to nonantibiotic-impregnated samples in the MRSA,MRSA+DAPT,and MRSA+LIN groups(p<0.01),respectively.Conversely,the colony count in antibiotic-impregnated samples significantly increased compared to nonantibiotic-impregnated samples in NAC+DAPT and NAC+VAN groups(p<0.01),respectively.Conclusions:The results showed that the use of antibiotic-impregnated catheters has a significant impact on the prevention of infection whereas the combination of NAC and DAPT showed better antibiofilm and antibacterial effects than other combinations on the prevention and treatment of nonantibiotic-impregnated catheter infections.

关键词： methicillin-resistant Biofilm Antibiotic-impregnated catheters Scanning electron microscope

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methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in diabetics: a single-center, retrospective analysis

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Chinese Medical Journal 2019年第12期132卷 1429-1434页

作者： Qiu-Rui Zhang Hong Chen Bing Liu Min Zhou Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China Institute of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China

Background: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia is an important issue with significant morbidity and mortality in clinical practice, especially in diabetes mellitus (DM). Studies focusing on S. aureus pneumonia in DM is limited, we sought to make a relatively comprehensive exploration of clinical characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, and risk factors for mortality of S. aureus pneumonia in DM and non-diabetics mellitus (non-DM). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in Ruijin Hospital from 2014 to 2017. The characteristics of DM and non-DM patients were assessed, including demographics, comorbidities, using of invasive mechanical ventilation, Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), confusion, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure, age ≥65 years (CURB-65) score, length of hospital stay, clinical outcomes, antimicrobial susceptibility. Independent risk factors for mortality were identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 365 patients with S. aureus pneumonia were included in our study, including 144 with DM and 221 non-DM. DM patients were more susceptible to MRSA infection (65.3% vs. 56.1%, P > 0.05), suffered from much severer pneumonia with a higher CURB-65 score, invasive mechanical ventilation rate (46.5% vs. 28.1%, P 0.05);almost all DM patients had higher antimicrobial resistance than non-DM patients, the DM group had a higher coinfection rate (47.2% vs. 45.7%, P > 0.05), and Acinetobacter baumannii was the most common bacterium in DM, while Klebsiella pneumoniae ranked first in patients with non-DM. Independent risk factors for pneumonia-related mortality were MRSA and CURB-65. Higher HbA1c levels were linked to a higher MRSA infection and co-infection rate and more severe pneumonia, leading to an increase in mortality. Conclusions: DM patients with poor glucose control are more susceptible to MRSA infection. They suffer from higher antimicrobial resistance, a higher co-infection rate, an

关键词： methicillin-resistant S. aureus Pneumonia Diabetics mellitus Co-infection Risk factor HbA1c

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Aminosaccharide-gold nanoparticle assemblies as narrow-spectrum antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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Nano Research 2018年第12期11卷 6237-6243页

作者： Xinglong Yang Lingmin Zhang Xingyu Jiang CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomatefials and NanosafetyBeijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnologyNational Center for NanoScience and TechnologyBeijing 100190China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of JinanJinan 250022China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Bacterial infection has continued to be a leading cause of death or disability worldwide because of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic agents specific to certain taxa of bacteria, i.e., narrow-spectrum antibiotics, have become useful because they can kill bacteria without resulting in broad-spectrum drug resistance. In this study, we describe a series of antibiotics based on combining gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with aminosaccharides, even though these AuNPs or aminosaccharides by themselves are ineffective against any bacteria. The AuNP-based multivalent aminosaccharides can effectively and selectively inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria (including drug-resistant superbacteria). In particular, aminosaccharide-modified AuNPs are effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a particularly hard-to-treat strain. This report carves out a way to explore antibiotics by combining AuNPs and an aminosaccharide as multivalent nanostructures, neither of which by itself is effective as an antibiotic.

关键词： gold nanoparticles multivalent aminosaccharides antibacterial activity methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) antibiotics

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Antimicrobial activity and synergism of Sami-Hyanglyun-Hwan with ciprofloxacin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第7期8卷 536-540页

作者： Jang-Gi Choi Ji-Young Choi Su-Hyun Mun Ok-Hwa Kang Preeti Bharaj Dong-Won Shin Myong-Soo Chong Dong-Yeul Kwon Department of Oriental Pharmacy College of Pharmacy Wonkwang University Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute Center of Excellence in Infectious Disease Research Department of Biomedical Sciences Paul L. Foster School of Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Department of Third Medicine Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine Wonkwang University BK21 Plus Team Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine Wonkwang University Department of Oriental Medicine Resources Sunchon National University

Objective: To investigate the antibacterial activity of SHHextracted with either water or ethanol against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and combinatory antimicrobial effect with ciprofloxacin(CIP) by time kill assay and checkerboard dilution test. Methods: The antibacterial activity determined by broth dilution method indicated that the antibacterial activity of Sami-Hyanglyun-Hwan(SHH) water extract(SHHW) and SHH ethanol extract(SHHE) ranged from 250 to 2000 μg/m L and 125 to 1000 μg/m L against MRSA, respectively. Results: In the checkerboard method, the combinations of SHHE with CIP had a partial synergistic or synergistic effect against MRSA. The time-kill curves showed that a combined SHHE and CIP treatment reduced the bacterial counts dramatically after 24 h. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates the therapeutic ability of SHHE against MRSA infections.

关键词： Sami-Hyanglyun-Hwan methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Ciprofloxacin Synergy

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Potentiating activity of luteolin on membrane permeabilizing agent and ATPase inhibitor against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第1期9卷 16-19页

作者： Dae-Ki Joung Young-Seob Lee Sin-Hee Han Sang-Won Lee Seon-Woo Cha Su-Hyun Mun Ryong Kong Ok-Hwa Kang Ho-Jun Song Dong-Won Shin Dong-Yeul Kwon Department of Oriental Pharmacy College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute.Wonkwang University Department of Herbal Crop Research National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal ScienceRDA BK21 Plus Team Professional Graduate School of Oriental MedicineWonkwang University Department of Oriental Medicine Resources Sunchon National University

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of antibacterial activity of luteoiin(LUT) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).Methods:The mechanism of anti-MRSA activity of LUT was analyzed by the viability assay in membrane permeabilizing agent ATPase inhibitors,and peptidoglycan(PGN) derived from Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus).Also,transmission electron microscopy was used to monitor survival characteristics and changes in S.aureus morphology.Results:Compared to the LUT alone,the optical density of suspensions treated with the combination of 125 μg/mL Tris and 230 μg/mL DCCD were reduced to 60%and 46%,respectively.PGN(15.6 μg/mL) gradually impeded the activity of LUT,and PGN(62.5 μg/mL) completely blocked the activity of LUT on S.aureus.Conclusions:Increased susceptibility to LUT with me Tris and DCCD combinations is evident in all tested MRSA isolates.The results indicate LUT synergy in increasing cytoplasmic membrane permeability and inhibiting ATPase.S.aureus PGN directly blocks the antibacterial activity of LUT,suggesting the direct binding of LUT with PGN.These findings may be validated for the development of antibacterial agent for low MRSA resistance.

关键词： Iuteolin methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Membrane permeabilizing agent ATPase inhibitor Peptidoglycan

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A report on intraspinal abscess due to community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection

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Chinese Medical Journal 2019年第3期132卷 364-366页

作者： Jin-Xin Zhang Li-Bo Tang Jie Peng Department of Infectious Diseases Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510515China

To the Editor: The incidence of community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infection and reports of CA-MRSA infection have been increasing yearly. But community-acquired intraspinal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has never been reported. We describe a case of intraspinal abscess due to CA-MRSA infection.

关键词： intraspinal abscess community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

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Clonal and drug resistance dynamics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pediatric populations in China

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Pediatric Investigation 2019年第2期3卷 72-80页

作者： Xin Yang Yingchao Liu Lijuan Wang Suyun Qian Kaihu Yao Fang Dong Wenqi Song Hong Xu Jinghui Zhen Wei Zhou Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children National Key Discipline of Pediatrics(Capital Medical University)National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesBeijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection DiseasesBeijing Pediatric Research InstituteBeijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina Bacteriology Laboratory Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina

Importance:Regional clonal replacements of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are common.It is necessary to understand the clonal and drug resistance changes in specific areas.Objective:To evaluate the clonal and drug resistance dynamics of MRSA in Chinese children from 2010 to 2017.Methods:MRSA was isolated from patients in Beijing Children's Hospital from 2010 to 2013 and from 2016 to 2017.The molecular characteristics and antibiotic resistance were determined,Results:In total,211 MRSA isolates were collected,and 104 isolates were classified as community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA).ST59-SCCmec Ⅳ was the most prevalent type in both CA-MRSA (65.4%) and healthcare-associated-MRSA (HA-MRSA) (46.7%).ST239-SCCmec Ⅲ accounted for 21.5% of all HA-MRSA,which were not detected in 2016,and only three isolates were detected in 2017.The pvl gene carrying rate of CA-MRSA was significantly higher than that of HA-MRSA (42.3% vs.29.0%,P =0.0456).Among CA-MRSA,resistance rate to all tested antibiotics excluding chloramphenicol remained stable over the periods of 2010-2013 and 2016-2017.HA-MRSA displayed an overall trend of decreased resistance to oxacillin,gentamicin,tetracycline,ciprofloxacin,and rifampin,and increased resistance to chloramphenicol,consistent with the difference of antibiotic resistance patterns between ST59-SCCmec Ⅳ and ST239-SCCmec Ⅲ isolates.Vancomycin minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) creep was found in the study period in all MRSA and ST59-SCCmec Ⅳ isolates.Interpretation:ST59-SCCmec Ⅳ has spread to hospitals and replaced the traditional ST239-SCCmec Ⅲ clone,accompanied by changes in drug resistance.Furthermore,vancomycin MIC creep indicated that the rational use of antibiotics should be seriously considered.

关键词： methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Clonal lineage Drug resistance Pediatric China

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Postoperation of preauricular fistula cellulitis caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection

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Journal of Otology 2018年第3期13卷 111-113页

作者： Haiyue Tian Cuiping Zhong From the Department of OtolaryngologyeH ead and Neck Surgery Lanzhou General Hospital of People's Liberation Army Department of Otolaryngology Department of Otolaryngologye Head and Neck Surgery Lanzhou General Hospital of People's Liberation Army

A one-year-old baby girl with one-month history of recurrent pus fluid exuding from her left preauricular sinus orifice, who failed multiple courses of surgical drainage of the abscess and persistent debridement for the wound, presented with MRSA infection. The patient was treated with linezolid for three days. Her pain and paresthesia resolved, and C-reactive protein decreased to normal.

关键词： Preauricularsinus Surgery Overuse antibiotics methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus Cellulitis

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methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus May Also Be resistant to Clindamycin and Vancomycin

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第8期10卷 1-13页

作者： Miriam G. U. Anejionu Angus N. Oli Chijioke E. Ezeudu Ogochukwu I. Ezejiofor Joseph Ezeogu Anthony A. Attama Vincent C. Okore Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Dermatology Unit Department of Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Federal Medical Centre Owerri Nigeria Drug Delivery Research Unit Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria

Objectives: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a global superbug widely distributed in hospitals, communities and livestock settings. This study investigated the presence and molecular characterization of MRSA co-resistance to clindamycin and vancomycin in the southeastern region of Nigeria. The susceptibility of these organisms to other selected antibiotics was also investigated. Method: Biological samples were obtained from consenting patients from three establishments in Enugu, Nigeria and cultured for isolation and purification. The pure isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility profiling using conventional antibiotics. The genomic DNAs of the pure isolates were isolated using the Promega genomic DNA purification kit while the antibiotic resistance genes (mecA) genes were identified using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the clindamycin and vancomycin antibiotics was determined as well as their combined activity on the MRSA isolates. Results: A large proportion (71%) of the MRSA isolates was from urine samples and then from the High Vaginal Swab (19%). All the isolates were resistant to cloxacillin while 95% were resistant to ciprofloxacin. MRSA isolates demonstrated resistance to clindamycin (with MIC of 23.44 - 250 μg/ml) and to vancomycin (with MIC of 62.5 - 250 μg/ml). The isolated MRSA also demonstrated multidrug-resistant traits. The combined effects of vancomycin and clindamycin against different species of MRSA exhibited additive, antagonistic and indifferent effects and none had a synergistic effect. Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction revealed that the majority of the strains were positive for the 162-bp internal fragment of the mecA gene of MRSA and basically displayed SCCmec type III, indicating that they were multidrug-resistant and hospital-acquired. Conclusion: Clindamycin and vancomycin-resistant MRSA infections are also within the Eastern region of Nigeria as found in other countries of the world. This superb

关键词： methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Vancomycin Clindamycin

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Emergence of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type Ⅰ with high-level mupirocin resistance among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第3期7卷 193-197页

作者： Prabhu Raj Joshi Mahesh Acharya Rajan Aryal Kamal Thapa Trishna Kakshapati Rathanin Seng Anjana Singh Sutthirat Sitthisak Central Department of Microbiology Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipurKathmanduNepal Department of Microbiology Kantipur College of Medical ScienceTribhuvan UniversitySitapailaKathmanduNepal Department of Microbiology Kathmandu College of Science and TechnologyTribhuvan UniversityKalimatiKathmanduNepal Department of Pathology Annapurna Neurological Institute and Allied SciencesMaitigharKathmanduNepal Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of Medical SciencesNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology Faculty of Medical ScienceNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand

Objective: To investigate the molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) among healthcare workers and patients.Methods: MRSA isolates were recovered from nasal swabs collected at a tertiary care hospital of Nepal and confirmed on the basis of Gram staining, conventional biochemical tests, and PCR amplification of mec A gene. PCRs were also used for detection of the different resistance genes and staphylococcal cassette chromosome(SCC) mec types.Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolates were assessed by disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by E-test.Results: A total of 29 MRSA were isolated from 536 nasal swabs(5.4%) of health care workers and patients at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal. All isolates were susceptible to amikacin, gentamicin, vancomycin(minimal inhibitory concentrations 1 024 mg/m L).Fourteen isolates were found harboring the mup A gene and one isolate was found carrying the novel mup B gene. High prevalence(68%) of SCCmec I type was found, followed by SCCmec V(13%) and SCCmec III(3%) among all the MRSA isolates.Conclusions: We found the emergence of SCCmec type I with high-level mupirocin resistance among MRSA in Nepal. Data also suggest that MRSA SCCmec type V strain has spread from the community to the hospital.

关键词： methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec types Mupirocin resistance Nasal carriage

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