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Relations between mercury fractions and microbial community components in seawater under the presence and absence of probable phosphorus limitation conditions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第1期31卷 145-162页

作者： Igor ?ivkovi? Vesna Fajon Jo?e Kotnik Yaroslav Shlyapnikov Kristina Obu Vazner Ermira Begu Stefanija ?estanovi? Danijela ?anti? Ana Vrdoljak Slaven Jozi? Mladen ?oli? Jelena Lu?i? Jere Ve?a Grozdan Ku?pili? Marin Ordulj Frano Mati? Branka Grbec Natalia Bojani? ?ivana Nin?evi? Gladan Milena Horvat Department of Environmental Sciences Jo?ef Stefan Institute Jo?ef Stefan International Postgraduate School Ecological Engineering Institute Maribor 2000 Slovenia Laboratory of Marine Microbiology Institute of Oceanography and FisheriesSplit 21000 Croatia Laboratory of Chemical Oceanography and Sedimentology of the Sea Institute of Oceanography and FisheriesSplit 21000 Croatia Laboratory of Chemical Oceanography and Sedimentology of the Sea Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Department of Marine Studies University of SplitSplit 21000 Croatia Laboratory of Physical Oceanography Institute of Oceanography and FisheriesSplit 21000 Croatia Laboratory of Plankton and Shellfish Toxicity Institute of Oceanography and FisheriesSplit 21000 Croatia

Microbial transformations of toxic monomethylmercury(MMHg) and dissolved gaseous mercury(DGM) at the lower levels of the marine food web are not well understood, especially in oligotrophic and phosphorus-limited seas. To examine the effects of probable phosphorus limitation(~PP-limitation) on relations between mercury(Hg) fractions and microorganisms, we determined the total mercury(THg), total methylated mercury(MeHg), DGM, and microbiological and chemical parameters in the Central Adriatic Sea. Using statistical analysis, we assessed the potential microbial effects on Hg transformations and bioaccumulation. Only in the absence of ~PP-limitation conditions(^(NO–P)P-limitation) is MeHg significantly related to most chemical and microbial parameters, indicating metabolism-dependent Hg transformations.The heterotrophic activity of low nucleic acid bacteria(abundant in oligotrophic regions)seems responsible for most of Hg methylation under ^(NO–P)P-limitation. Under these conditions,DGM is strongly related to microbial fractions and chlorophyll a, indicating biological DGM production, which is probably not metabolically induced, as most of these relations are also observed underPP-limitation. MMHg biomagnification was observed through an increased bioaccumulation factor from microseston to mesozooplankton. Our results indicate that Hgtransformations and uptake might be enhanced under ^(NO–P)P-limitation conditions, emphasizing their impact on the transfer of Hg to higher trophic levels.

关键词： Mercury speciation Methylmercury Probable phosphorus limitation Microbial community

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The status,limitation and improvement of adoptive cellular immunotherapy in advanced urologic malignancies

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2015年第2期27卷 128-137页

作者： Haoqing Shi Xiangjie Qi Bin Ma Yanwei Cao Lina Wang Lijiang Sun Haitao Niu Department of Urology Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Department of Urology People's Hospital of Linzi District Medical College of Qingdao University

In recent years, immunotherapy has been gradually established as the fourth frequently adopted antitumor therapy, following surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, for advanced urologic malignancies with an improved understanding of theoretical basis, such as molecular biology and immunology. Thereinto, adoptive cellular immunotherapy （ACI） has become one of the hotspots, which comprises a variety of treatment approaches, such as TIL, CIK cell, ~＇~ T cell, CAR-engineered T cell and Allogeneie stem cell transplantation （alloSCT）. Although preclinical efficacy has been demonstrated remarkably, clinical trials could not consistently show the benefit due to multi-factors in complex immnnosuppressive microenvironment in vivo compared to that of in vitro. Here we review some timely aspects of ACI for advanced urologic malignancies, and describe the current status and limitation of immunotherapy from the cellular level. It＇s our expectation to provide prompting consideration of novel combinatorial ACI strategies and a resurgence of interest in ACI for advanced urologic malignancies.

关键词： Adoptive cellular immunotherapy （ACI） limitation improvement urologic malignancies

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辩证视角下的法律程序

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法学 2024年第4期12卷 2231-2237页

作者：贾雨欣扬州大学法学院，江苏扬州

从古至今，中国传统法制长期秉持着重内容、轻形式的理念，倾向于把法律程序当作一种工具，辅助法律实体目的的实现。近年来，随着法制改革的推进，人们普遍关注到了程序性规定对健全法制的重要意义，但是在实践中人们也逐渐认识到法律... 详细信息

从古至今，中国传统法制长期秉持着重内容、轻形式的理念，倾向于把法律程序当作一种工具，辅助法律实体目的的实现。近年来，随着法制改革的推进，人们普遍关注到了程序性规定对健全法制的重要意义，但是在实践中人们也逐渐认识到法律程序自身存在着无法克服的局限性。本文以辩证的视角重新审视了法律程序的价值与缺陷，归纳出了主要原因，并结合对法律程序运行现状的分析，提出了针对性的措施，以期为我国法律程序的演变和发展提供可行性建议。

关键词：法律程序价值应然状态与实然状态局限性 Legal Procedure Value Model Status and Actual Status limitation

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Testing potassium limitation on soil microbial activity in a sub-tropical forest

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第6期30卷 2341-2347页

作者： Taiki Mori Senhao Wang Zhuohang Wang Cong Wang Hui Mo Jiangming Mo Xiankai Lu Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied BotanySouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650GuangdongPeople’s Republic of China Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto UniversityKitashirakawa Oiwake-choSakyo-kuKyotoJapan University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049People’s Republic of China Department of Biological Sciences Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305-5020USA Department of Forest Site Environment Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteTsukubaIbaraki 305-8687Japan

Because potassium(K)is a rock-derived essential element that can be depleted in highly-weathered tropical soils,K availability may limit some portion of soil microbial activity in tropical forest ecosystems.In this paper we tested if K limits microbial activity in the condition of sufficient labile C supply.An incubation experiment was performed using surface soil samples(0–10 cm depth)obtained from four permanent ecological research plots in a natural sub-tropical forest in southern China.Soil samples were taken in September 2016.Heterotrophic soil respiration rates and microbial biomass were measured after the addition of glucose(both D and L)with and without K(potassium chloride).We did not observe any effects of K addition on soil microbial respiration,suggesting that K does not limit the microbial activity in the condition of sufficient labile C supply.The lack of microbial response to added K can be attributed to the high mobility of K in forest ecosystems,which may have provided sufficient K to microbes in our soil samples(already provided at the beginning of the incubation).However,at the present stage,we cannot conclude that K is not a limiting factor of soil microbial activity in other tropical forest ecosystems because of the heterogeneity of tropical forest ecosystems and few observations.The hypothesis needs to be tested in larger numbers of tropical forests.

关键词： Nutrient limitation Rock-derived nutrients Soil biology Nutrient dynamics Potassium addition

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Principle of limitation of physical quantities and cyclic universe

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2008年第5期51卷 451-458页

作者： HE GuoZhu Department of Physics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China Department of Physics Nankai University Tianjin China

A close study of Heisenberg uncertainty principles reveals many significant facts,and all four major physical quantities,energy,time,momentum and length,have both lower and upper limits.Now,many questions come up.What are these limits?Some answers may lead to the understanding of the development of our universe.What is the shortest limit of time?At the beginning of big bang,there exists a tre-mendously short time,the Planck time.This may be just the shortest time limit in our universe.The longest time limit might be the lifetime of our universe.The longest length might be the final diameter of our expanding universe.All these lead to a finite universe.Two more coupling formulae are formed for the other two pairs of physical quantities,mass and speed,thermal energy and temperature.These four physical quantities must also have limits.We already knew that speed has upper limit and temperature has lower limit.By these two formulae,Planck and Einstein equations are derived directly.Since most other physical quantities are somewhat related to these major physical quantities,it seems that there exists a principle of limitation of physical quantities.A quantitative sketch of big bang is described.It also shows that our universe will contract back to another big bang.The principle of limitation opens up some fields of investigation.It may bring nature back to the harmony and determined world described by classical physics.

关键词： principle of limitation of physical quantities limits coupling formulae cyclic universe extension of conven-tional quantum mechanics no uncertainty for physical quantities quantitative evaluation of big bang

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Views on “Principle of limitation of physical quantities and cyclic universe”

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第9期53卷 1772-1774页

作者： LI LianGang Department of Physics,School of Sciences,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China Department of Physics School of Sciences Tianjin University Tianjin China

This paper presents an analysis of a paper entitled "Principle of limitation of physical quantities and cyclic universe" and proposes different results for some formulae from that report.In addition,this paper shows that the principle of limits coupling may lead to an approximation of current theories(i.e.,quantum theory and relativistic theory),which have interesting correlations with the Plank formula and the special theory of relativity.

关键词： principle of limitation of physical quantities limits coupling formulae Plank formula theory of relativity

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Potential and limitations of ChatGPT and generative artificial intelligence in medical safety education

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第32期11卷 7935-7939页

作者： Xin Wang Xin-Qiao Liu School of Education Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China

The primary objectives of medical safety education are to provide the public with essential knowledge about medications and to foster a scientific approach to drug usage.The era of using artificial intelligence to revolutionize medical safety education has already dawned,and ChatGPT and other generative artificial intelligence models have immense potential in this domain.Notably,they offer a wealth of knowledge,anonymity,continuous availability,and personalized services.However,the practical implementation of generative artificial intelligence models such as ChatGPT in medical safety education still faces several challenges,including concerns about the accuracy of information,legal responsibilities,and ethical obligations.Moving forward,it is crucial to intelligently upgrade ChatGPT by leveraging the strengths of existing medical practices.This task involves further integrating the model with real-life scenarios and proactively addressing ethical and security issues with the ultimate goal of providing the public with comprehensive,convenient,efficient,and personalized medical services.

关键词： Medical safety education ChatGPT Generative artificial intelligence Potential limitation

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limitation OF SOFT-SWITCHING TECHNIQUE IN AC/DC POWER CONVERTER'S EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT

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Journal of Electronics(China) 2000年第4期17卷 363-369页

作者： Lu Zhengyu Qian Zhaoming T. C. Green(Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027) (Imperial College, London, UK)

Soft-switching techniques are attractive to unity-power-factor AC/DC converter in the view of the size reduction and EMI suppression. A soft-switched boost PFC converter has been studied based on its topology analysis, PSIM simulation and circuit experiment. A special limitation of soft-switching techniques has been found in their AC/DC applications.

关键词： Soft-switching limitation AC/DC converter

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The Productivity Level of the Song Dynasty

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Social Sciences in China 2023年第2期44卷 74-93页

作者： Jiang Xidong 王文娥 Center for Studies of Song History Hebei University the Institute of Information Studies Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

Any investigation of society's historical development should begin with the fundamental issue of productivity level.The Song witnessed at least 45 new advances in production technologies,items and tools,of which at least 15 took place in agriculture and 30 in handicraft.Although the Song surpassed previous dynasties in overall productivity,it was also affected by a number of limitations,seven of which were particularly relevant to productivity level.With the exception of agricultural technology and firearms,the Ming and Qing failed to make major breakthroughs in the remaining five fields.Although these dynasties outperformed the Song in terms of total productivity and technology,particularly in the introduction of crops,they fell behind in productivity per capita and quality of growth,due to the population boom and the stagnation and even regression of farm technologies.Whether compared with previous dynasties or with the Ming and Qing,the Song dynasty saw the zenith of productivity development in ancient China.The level of productivity underlies Song progress and Ming and Qing stagnation,as well as the rise of Europe.

关键词： Song dynasty productivity level limitation Ming and Qing dynasties

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Practice Study on Operation Evaluation and limitation for Merchant Ships in Polar Water

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Hydro Science & Marine Engineering 2019年第1期1卷 9-14页

作者： Shifeng Ding Li Zhou Chenkang Zhong Zhengrong Wang School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang212003China Shanghai Rules and Research Institute China Classification SocietyShanghai200135China

All environmental hazards impact the safety of polar ships,especially polar merchant ship with light ice-class.In order to provide a systematic guidance to deal with any situation during polar operation,International Maritime Organization(IMO)raised mandatory requirements of“Polar Water Operation Manual”(PWOM)in Polar Code.This paper focuses on how to determinate operational evaluation and limitation for the PWOM,which is an important measure to avoid polar ships exceeding operational capability.Features of polar navigation are summarized based on the former polar navigation experience,and typical risk model is set up to describe the process of operation evaluation.The operational limitation is analyzed to indicate the actual capability and limitation as the ship encounters unexpected accidents in polar waters.In conclusion,the operation procedure is studied to give a detailed technical proposals for the whole polar operation,which is the main component of PWOM.The outcome may provide help for to arctic shipping of merchant ships.

关键词： Polar Ship Operational Risk Assessment Ice Operation limitation Risk Analysis

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