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Development and application of a life cycle energy consumption and CO2emissions analysis model for high-speed railway transport in China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2021年第2期12卷 270-280页

作者： WANG Yan-Zhe ZHOU Sheng OU Xun-Min Tsinghua University-Zhang Jiagang Joint Institute for Hydrogen Energy and Lithium-Ion Battery Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Institute of Energy Environment and EconomyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Tsinghua-Rio Tinto Joint Research Centre for Resources Energy and Sustainable DevelopmentLaboratory for Low Carbon EnergyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China China Automotive Energy Research Center Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

China's high-speed railway(HSR)is booming recently,the HSR's performance of energy conservation and carbon reduction has attractedmuch attention.This study developed a new life cycle model of energy consumption and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions on China's HSR bylife cycle analysis(LCA),covering the stages of infrastructure,HSR train,and operation,based on the TLCAM(Tsinghua-LCA Model).A caseof the BeijingeShanghai HSR has been studied to show that the full life cycle energy consumption and GHG emissions of HSR transportationare 0.4 MJ km1per capita and 0.04 kg CO2ekm1per capita,respectively,which are far less than aviation,gasoline vehicles,diesel vehicles,electric vehicles and public vehicles.With the cleaner power structure and the progress of HSR train technology,the energy consumption andcarbon emissions of HSR in 2020 could be reduced by 20%compared to 2015.This study indicates that electricity generation mix structure andfull load rate are important factors influencing the life-cycle energy consumption and GHG emissions of HSR transportation.It is recommendedto improve the coverage of HSR network,accelerate train upgrades,improve the full load rate of HSR trains,and promote the low-carbondevelopment of electricity supply to strengthen and realize the low-carbon advantage of HSR transport mode in China.HSR transportationcan be used to achieve the low carbon transformation of China's transportation sector and improve oil supply safety situation.

关键词： High-speed railway transport life cycle analysis Energy consumption Greenhouse gas emissions China

Impact of Different Parameters on life cycle analysis, Embodied Energy and Environmental Emissions for Wind Turbine System

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第7期7卷 1005-1015页

作者： Nazia Binte Munir Ziaul Huque Raghava R. Kommalapati Center for Energy & Environmental Sustainability Prairie View A&M University Prairie View TX USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Prairie View A&M University Prairie View TX USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Prairie View A&M University Prairie View TX USA

Due to the rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves and increasing concern for climate change as a result of greenhouse gas effect, every country is looking for ways to develop eco-friendly renewable energy sources. Wind energy has become a good option due to its comparative economic advantages and environment friendly aspects. But there is always an ongoing debate if wind energy is as green as it seems to appear. Wind turbines once installed do not produce any greenhouse gases during operation, but it can and may produce significant emissions during manufacture, transport, installation and disposal stages. To determine the exact amount of emissions, it is necessary to consider all the stages for a wind turbine from manufacture to disposal. life cycle analysis (LCA) is a technique that determines the energy consumption, emission of greenhouse gases and other environmental impacts of a product or system throughout the life cycle stages. The various approaches that have been used in the literature for the LCA of wind turbines have many discrepancies among the results, the main reason(s) being different investigators used different parameters and boundary conditions, and thus comparisons are difficult. In this paper, the influence of different parameters such as turbine size, technology (geared or gearbox less), recycling, medium of transport, different locations, orientation of the blade (horizontal or vertical), blade material, positioning of wind turbine (land, coastal or offshore), etc. on greenhouse gas emissions and embodied energy is studied using the available data from exhaustive search of literature. This provides tools to find better solutions for power production in an environmental friendly manner by selecting a proper blade orientation technique, with suitable blade material, technology, recycling techniques and suitable location.

关键词： Embodied Energy Energy Payback Time Emissions life cycle analysis Wind Energy

Substitution of Aggregates in Concrete and Mortar with Coltan Mining Waste: Mechanical, Environmental, and Economic Impact Case Study

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 139-163页

作者： Alinabiwe Nyamuhanga Ally Élodie Ruffine Zang Masika Muhiwa Grâce Manjia Marcelline Blanche Ursula Joyce Merveilles Pettang Nana Ngapgue François Bella Nabil Chrispin Pettang Laboratory Engineering Civil and Mechanics Doctoral Research Unit for Engineering and Applications University of Yaound&#233 I Yaound&#233 Cameroon Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technologies Free University of Great Lakes Countries (ULPGL) Goma DRC Department of Civil Engineering National Advanced School of Engineering of Yaoundé University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Civil Engineering Fotso Victor University Institute of Technology University of Dschang Bandjoun Cameroon FIMAS Laboratory Faculty of Technologies Tahri Mohamed University Bechar Algeria

The mining process involves drilling and excavation, resulting in the production of waste rock and tailings. The waste materials are then removed and stored in designated areas. This study aims to evaluate the mechanical strength and the environmental and economic impact of using Coltan Mining Waste (CMW) as a substitute for aggregates in concrete and mortar production. To achieve this, the CMW needs to be characterised. The Dreux Gorisse method was primarily used to produce concrete with a strength of 20 MPa at 28 days. The mortars, on the other hand, were formulated according to the NF P 18-452 standard. The environmental impact of using CMW as substitutes for natural aggregates in the production of concrete and mortar was analysed using SimaPro software. The results showed that mortars and concrete made with CMW have comparable compressive strengths to the reference mortar and concrete;reduce the negative impact on ecosystem quality, human health, resources, and climate change. It has also been shown that the substitution of aggregates by CMW reduces the cost of concrete and mortar as a function of the distance from the aggregate footprint.

关键词： Aggregate Coltan Mining Waste Concrete Mortar Mechanical Strength life cycle analysis

Estimating life-cycle energy payback ratio of overhead transmission line toward low carbon development

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2015年第1期3卷 123-130页

作者： Xiaoming DONG Chongqing KANG Ning ZHANG Huaguang YAN Junxia MENG Xinsheng NIU Xin TIAN The State Key Lab of Power Systems Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China The China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing 100192China The State Grid Shandong Power Economic Research Institute Jinan 250001China

The energy conservation plays an important role for low carbon development.In order to evaluate the energy conservation in the full life-cycle,a scheme to estimate the energy consumption,or alternatively the energy pay,in constructing an overhead transmission line is proposed in this paper.The analysis of a typical projection is given for demonstration.With new additional overhead transmission lines,the energy consumption,known as the power loss in power network,is expected to be decline,which is defined in this paper as the energy payback.In order to estimate this kind of contribution,the scheme that consisted of load forecast,production simulation for generating systems,load flow simulation and power loss calculation has been proposed.Case studies,based on the IEEE 24-bus test system,are given to demonstrate the efficacy of the schemes.Moreover,several presumptive scenarios are deployed and analysed with the presented schemes for comparison.

关键词： Power system operation Power system planning Power system simulation Power transmission life cycle analysis

life cycle environmental impact assessment of biochar-based bioenergy production and utilization in Northwestern Ontario,Canada

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第4期26卷 799-809页

作者： Krish Homagain Chander Shahi Nancy Luckai Mahadev Sharma Faculty of Natural Resources Management Lakehead University Ontario Forest Research Institute

Biochar-based bioenergy production and sub- sequent land application of biochar can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by fixing atmospheric carbon into the soil for a long period of time. A thorough life cycle assessment of biochar-based bioenergy production and biochar land application in Northwestern Ontario is conducted using SimaPro Ver. 8.1. The results of energy consumption and potential environmental impact of biochar-based bioenergy production system are compared with those of conventional coal-based system. Results show that biocbar land application consumes 4847.61 MJ per tonne dry feedstock more energy than conventional system, but reduces the GHG emissions by 68.19 kg CO2e per tonne of dry feed- stock in its life cycle. Biochar land application improves ecosystem quality by 18 %, reduces climate change by 15 %, and resource use by 13 % but may adversely impact on human health by increasing disability adjusted life years by 1.7 % if biomass availability is low to medium. Replacing fossil fuel with woody biomass has a positiveimpact on the environment, as one tonne of dry biomass feedstock when converted to biochar reduces up to 38 kg CO2e with biochar land application despite using more energy. These results will help understand a comprehensive picture of the new interventions in forestry businesses, which are promoting biochar-based bioenergy production.

关键词： Woody biomass Carbon sequestration Environmental impact assessment Greenhouse gasemissions life cycle analysis Soil amendment

Carbon and Water Footprint Evaluation of 120Wp Rural Household Photovoltaic System: Case Study

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2023年第3期14卷 31-59页

作者： Alberto Tama Diego Vicente Department of Industrial Organization Engineering Universitat Carlemany (UCMA) Andorra France International University Center of Barcelona (UNIBA) University of Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain

This study uses the life cycle analysis (LCA) to evaluate the magnitude of the environmental impact, in terms of global warming potential, and water footprint throughout the 20 years of useful life of a rural electrical energy concession comprised of 120Wp Households photovoltaic systems (HPS) in the isolated communities of San Martin, in the Peruvian Amazon region. On the other hand, due to the particular conditions of the system (installation, operation, maintenance, monthly tariff collection), it is necessary to know its real impact and sustainability;not only through the aforementioned environmental impact indicators, but also by energy intensity values required by the system throughout its life cycle. Therefore, this paper used the Cumulative energy demand (CED) method to determine the amount of energy taken from natural resources for each process involved in the LCA and calculated with this, i.e., the Energy Payback Time (EPBT) of the whole system. Likewise, the HPS has been environmentally compared to other case studies and the Peruvian Energy Mix, revealing a lower impact in the latter case and results within the range for stand-alone systems. Besides, the HPS shows a strong relation between energy production and O&M condition. Additionally, this study allows a further promotion of the use of this type of system in isolated areas, as well as the diversification of electricity generation in Peru.

关键词： life cycle analysis Carbon Footprint Water Footprint Solar Home System life cycle Inventory

Carbon emission of food consumption: An empirical analysis of China’s residents

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Carbon emission of food consumption: An empirical analysis o...

Stainless steel and sustainability

2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology

作者： ZHI Jing Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China GAO Jixi Institute of Ecology Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing China

Based on the application of life cycle analysis （LCA）, this paper quantifies the impact of food consumption on carbon emission during the period 1990-2006. The results showed that the carbon footprint due to food consumption is increasing. The impact of direct food consumption on carbon emission was just a small part of the life cycle of food consumption, and about 30% of carbon emission was a consequence of food transportation. Meat consumption was the most carbon-intensive food, and compared with 1990, the carbon-density of 1 kg of food increased by 0.52 kgC/kg. The direct impact on carbon emission for urban residents was lower than rural residents, but indirect impact was nearly twice that of rural residents;urban residents consumed more energy due to food transportation and keeping food fresh, the carbon emission related to keeping food fresh was 4 times that of rural residents. This paper provides quantitative evidence of the impact of food consumption on the environment. We suggest that the key to reducing this impact is to improve energy efficiency, especially in the transportation sector.

关键词： carbon emission food consumption life cycle analysis urban-rural differences

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Baosteel Technical Research 2010年第S1期4卷 75-页

作者： Pascal PAYET-GASPARD International Stainless Steel Forum Brussels Belgium

The paper focus on the life cycle analysis of stainless steels.It describes the system boundaries and gives an evaluation of the CO_2 emissions of Stainless Steels from cradle to gate.It gives as well an evaluation of the recycling rates of stainless steels according to the market applications and an evaluation of the overall cycle of manufacturing and scraps in 2005 on a world wide basis.It concludes with a presentation of some remarkable application focusing on green energy and future growth markets.

关键词： stainless steels CO_2 emissions sustainability life cycle analysis life cycle costing