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Impact of Different Parameters on life cycle analysis, Embodied Energy and Environmental Emissions for Wind Turbine System

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第7期7卷 1005-1015页

作者： Nazia Binte Munir Ziaul Huque Raghava R. Kommalapati Center for Energy & Environmental Sustainability Prairie View A&M University Prairie View TX USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Prairie View A&M University Prairie View TX USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Prairie View A&M University Prairie View TX USA

Due to the rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves and increasing concern for climate change as a result of greenhouse gas effect, every country is looking for ways to develop eco-friendly renewable energy sources. Wind energy has become a good option due to its comparative economic advantages and environment friendly aspects. But there is always an ongoing debate if wind energy is as green as it seems to appear. Wind turbines once installed do not produce any greenhouse gases during operation, but it can and may produce significant emissions during manufacture, transport, installation and disposal stages. To determine the exact amount of emissions, it is necessary to consider all the stages for a wind turbine from manufacture to disposal. life cycle analysis (LCA) is a technique that determines the energy consumption, emission of greenhouse gases and other environmental impacts of a product or system throughout the life cycle stages. The various approaches that have been used in the literature for the LCA of wind turbines have many discrepancies among the results, the main reason(s) being different investigators used different parameters and boundary conditions, and thus comparisons are difficult. In this paper, the influence of different parameters such as turbine size, technology (geared or gearbox less), recycling, medium of transport, different locations, orientation of the blade (horizontal or vertical), blade material, positioning of wind turbine (land, coastal or offshore), etc. on greenhouse gas emissions and embodied energy is studied using the available data from exhaustive search of literature. This provides tools to find better solutions for power production in an environmental friendly manner by selecting a proper blade orientation technique, with suitable blade material, technology, recycling techniques and suitable location.

关键词： Embodied Energy Energy Payback Time Emissions life cycle analysis Wind Energy

Carbon emissions from buildings based on a life cycle analysis:carbon reduction measures and effects of green building standards in China

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Low-carbon Materials and Green Construction 2023年第1期1卷 100-111页

作者： Zhenwei Guo Qingqin Wang Na Zhao Ruiye Dai School of Architecture Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina China Academy of Building Research Beijing 100013China Chinese Society for Urban Studies BeijingChina

Carbon emissions from buildings account for approximately half of China’s total social carbon *** only on the carbon emissions of building operation tends to neglect the carbon emissions of other related parts of the building sector,thus slowing down the progress of carbon peaking in the building *** applying life-cycle analysis to calculate carbon emissions throughout the building’s life cycle,the performance of carbon emissions at each stage of building materials,construction,operation and end-of-life demolition can be identified,so that carbon reduction strategies in building design can be selected..This paper constructed a method for calculating the carbon emissions of green buildings in whole-building life cycle,and conducted a summary analysis of the carbon emissions of 33 projects that were awarded green building *** study found that the Chinese Assessment Standard for Green Buildings has a significant effect on reducing the carbon emissions of buildings in whole-building life *** with the current average operational carbon emissions of buildings in China,the carbon intensity of green public buildings is 41.43%lower under this standard and the carbon intensity of green residential buildings is 13.99%lower.A carbon correlation analysis of the provisions of the current Chinese Assessment Standard for Green Buildings was conducted,comparing the changes in the carbon intensity of buildings before and after the revision of the *** study concluded that the new version of the standards has a greater impact on public buildings than residential buildings,the requirement of carbon emission reduction in the production stage of building materials is strengthened in terms of carbon emission during the whole-building life *** study addresses the current problem of unclear carbon emission reduction effect of green buildings.

关键词： life cycle analysis Building carbon emission Assessment standard for green buildings Carbon correlation

Development and application of a life cycle energy consumption and CO2emissions analysis model for high-speed railway transport in China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2021年第2期12卷 270-280页

作者： WANG Yan-Zhe ZHOU Sheng OU Xun-Min Tsinghua University-Zhang Jiagang Joint Institute for Hydrogen Energy and Lithium-Ion Battery Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Institute of Energy Environment and EconomyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Tsinghua-Rio Tinto Joint Research Centre for Resources Energy and Sustainable DevelopmentLaboratory for Low Carbon EnergyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China China Automotive Energy Research Center Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

China's high-speed railway(HSR)is booming recently,the HSR's performance of energy conservation and carbon reduction has attractedmuch *** study developed a new life cycle model of energy consumption and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions on China's HSR bylife cycle analysis(LCA),covering the stages of infrastructure,HSR train,and operation,based on the TLCAM(Tsinghua-LCA Model).A caseof the BeijingeShanghai HSR has been studied to show that the full life cycle energy consumption and GHG emissions of HSR transportationare 0.4 MJ km1per capita and 0.04 kg CO2ekm1per capita,respectively,which are far less than aviation,gasoline vehicles,diesel vehicles,electric vehicles and public *** the cleaner power structure and the progress of HSR train technology,the energy consumption andcarbon emissions of HSR in 2020 could be reduced by 20%compared to *** study indicates that electricity generation mix structure andfull load rate are important factors influencing the life-cycle energy consumption and GHG emissions of HSR *** is recommendedto improve the coverage of HSR network,accelerate train upgrades,improve the full load rate of HSR trains,and promote the low-carbondevelopment of electricity supply to strengthen and realize the low-carbon advantage of HSR transport mode in *** transportationcan be used to achieve the low carbon transformation of China's transportation sector and improve oil supply safety situation.

关键词： High-speed railway transport life cycle analysis Energy consumption Greenhouse gas emissions China

A review on plasma-based CO_(2) utilization:process considerations in the development of sustainable chemical production

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第9期26卷 1-16页

作者： Sirui LI Giulia De FELICE Simona EICHKORN Tao SHAO Fausto GALLUCCI Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven 5612 AZthe Netherlands Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190People’s Republic of China

Plasma-based processes,particularly in carbon capture and utilization,hold great potential for addressing environmental challenges and advancing a circular carbon *** significant progress has been made in understanding plasma-induced reactions,plasma-catalyst interactions,and reactor development to enhance energy efficiency and conversion,there remains a notable gap in research concerning overall process *** review emphasizes the critical need for considerations at the process level,including integration and intensification,to facilitate the industrialization of plasma technology for chemical *** centered on the development of plasma-based processes are made with a primary focus on CO_(2) conversion,offering insights to guide future work for the transition of the technology from laboratory scale to industrial *** of current research gaps,especially in upscaling and integrating plasma reactors with other process units,is the key to addressing critical *** review further delves into relevant research in process evaluation and assessment,providing methodological insights and highlighting key factors for comprehensive economic and sustainability ***,recent advancements in novel plasma systems are reviewed,presenting unique advantages and innovative concepts that could reshape the future of process *** review provides essential information for navigating the path forward,ensuring a comprehensive understanding of challenges and opportunities in the development of plasma-based CCU process.

关键词： non-thermal plasma carbon capture and utilization process integration process intensification techno-economic analysis life cycle analysis

Estimating life-cycle energy payback ratio of overhead transmission line toward low carbon development

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2015年第1期3卷 123-130页

作者： Xiaoming DONG Chongqing KANG Ning ZHANG Huaguang YAN Junxia MENG Xinsheng NIU Xin TIAN The State Key Lab of Power Systems Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China The China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing 100192China The State Grid Shandong Power Economic Research Institute Jinan 250001China

The energy conservation plays an important role for low carbon *** order to evaluate the energy conservation in the full life-cycle,a scheme to estimate the energy consumption,or alternatively the energy pay,in constructing an overhead transmission line is proposed in this *** analysis of a typical projection is given for *** new additional overhead transmission lines,the energy consumption,known as the power loss in power network,is expected to be decline,which is defined in this paper as the energy *** order to estimate this kind of contribution,the scheme that consisted of load forecast,production simulation for generating systems,load flow simulation and power loss calculation has been *** studies,based on the IEEE 24-bus test system,are given to demonstrate the efficacy of the ***,several presumptive scenarios are deployed and analysed with the presented schemes for comparison.

关键词： Power system operation Power system planning Power system simulation Power transmission life cycle analysis

life cycle environmental impact assessment of biochar-based bioenergy production and utilization in Northwestern Ontario,Canada

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第4期26卷 799-809页

作者： Krish Homagain Chander Shahi Nancy Luckai Mahadev Sharma Faculty of Natural Resources Management Lakehead University Ontario Forest Research Institute

Biochar-based bioenergy production and sub- sequent land application of biochar can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by fixing atmospheric carbon into the soil for a long period of time. A thorough life cycle assessment of biochar-based bioenergy production and biochar land application in Northwestern Ontario is conducted using SimaPro Ver. 8.1. The results of energy consumption and potential environmental impact of biochar-based bioenergy production system are compared with those of conventional coal-based system. Results show that biocbar land application consumes 4847.61 MJ per tonne dry feedstock more energy than conventional system, but reduces the GHG emissions by 68.19 kg CO2e per tonne of dry feed- stock in its life cycle. Biochar land application improves ecosystem quality by 18 %, reduces climate change by 15 %, and resource use by 13 % but may adversely impact on human health by increasing disability adjusted life years by 1.7 % if biomass availability is low to medium. Replacing fossil fuel with woody biomass has a positiveimpact on the environment, as one tonne of dry biomass feedstock when converted to biochar reduces up to 38 kg CO2e with biochar land application despite using more energy. These results will help understand a comprehensive picture of the new interventions in forestry businesses, which are promoting biochar-based bioenergy production.

关键词： Woody biomass Carbon sequestration Environmental impact assessment Greenhouse gasemissions life cycle analysis Soil amendment

COMPARATIVE CARBON FOOTPRINT analysis OF BAMBOO AND STEEL SCAFFOLDING

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Journal of Green Building 2015年第1期10卷 114-126页

作者： Paul F.Laleicke Alex Cimino-Hurt Dylan Gardner Arijit Sinha Dept.of Wood Science and Engineering Oregon State University Dept.of Mechanical Industrialand Manufacturing EngineeringOregon State University School of Civil and Construction Engineering Oregon State University

Building construction and maintenance is one of the major contributors to global warming and as a result has the potential to be a leader in sustainable *** systems are an important component of building construction,especially high-rise buildings.A scaffold consists of a modular system of metal or bamboo tubes or *** is a temporary construction structure created for reaching heights above a human’s reach,with the purpose of helping in con-struction or maintenance of a *** scaffolding industry in the US is dominated by *** areas where bamboo is indigenous,like many East Asian cities,bamboo is the scaffolding material of choice,even when it comes to high-rise *** goal was to analyze bamboo and steel thoroughly and estab-lish their environmental impacts using life cycle analysis(LCA).Consequently,this study explores the ecological viability in expanding the use of bamboo scaffolding where steel *** functional units used in this study are bamboo and steel scaffolding systems that are 2.74 m high,2.49 m wide,and 1.21 m deep.A cradle-to-gate LCA was performed to evaluate the environmental performance of the two scaffolding *** results suggest that bamboo scaffolding has a lower carbon footprint than steel scaffolding,with an ability to sequester carbon during its growth phase being a significant contributing *** is an important advantage of bamboo over nonrenewable materials(steel).Additionally,bamboo functions as a buffer,delaying the release of CO_(2) after the use *** main challenge for any scaffolding system made from renewable materials in the western world is the demand for ***,an ideal future goal should be the design of standardized scaffolding systems using renewable materials that com-bines the durability and homogeneity of steel scaffolding with the sustainability and environmental performance of bamboo scaffolding.

关键词： life cycle analysis sustainability green building cradle-to-gate

Economic analysis of Energy-efficient Buildings in China

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2007年第5期12卷 673-679页

作者：胡昊杨志明 School of Naval Arch. Ocean & Civil Eng.Shanghai Jiaotong Univ.

Applying energy-saving measures in residential buildings is usually constrained by the increase of initial investment. ＂However, if it is analyzed from the view of energy cost and life-cycle cost, the energy-saving benefit can offset ~he increase of initial investment. An analysis method based on life-cycle concept was developed to calcu- late the energy cost of residential building flats. Several uncertain factors were included into the model, making it more accurate to reflect practical situation. The model was solved using the software DeST and applied to one resi- dential building project in Shanghai. The case study shows that the initial investment （cost） is paid back during the operational phase through less consumption of energy. It further indicates that the investment recovery period is between 10 and 19 years which are acceptable to households and developers in China.

关键词： energy-saving energy cost life cycle analysis energy simulation

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION analysis FOR STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

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Journal of Green Building 2013年第1期8卷 120-135页

作者： Joseph M.Danatzko Halil Sezen Qian Chen Department of Civil Environmental and Geodetic EngineeringThe Ohio State University The Ohio State University

The engineering community has been striving to design more sustainable buildings in an attempt to reduce both environmental impact and energy use during all phases of design,construction and *** professionals currently have very limited guidance or tools to incorporate life-cycle and sustainability concepts into their *** reviewing the capabilities and limitations of four current life cycle analysis(LCA)computer programs,this research has selected the Athena Impact Estimator v4.0 to perform parametric studies of structural members made up of different construction *** energy consumption values are calculated and compared for columns,beams,concrete suspended slabs,precast double-tee sections and various other floor *** Athena did offer some insights based on its LCA results,this research has concluded that existing LCA and sustainability analysis programs have too few options to meet the current needs of design professionals.A more accurate,sophisticated whole-building LCA tool needs to be developed to assess sustainable properties of design alternatives and to produce the most sustainable structural systems.

关键词： life cycle analysis construction materials sustainability structural members energy consumption buildings