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Contrasting Regional Responses of Indian summer monsoon Rainfall to Exhausted Spring and Concurrently Emerging summer El Nino Events

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第4期40卷 697-710页

作者： E.K.KRISHNA KUMAR S.ABHILASH SANKAR SYAM P.VIJAYKUMAR K.R.SANTOSH A.V.SREENATH Department of Atmospheric Sciences Cochin University of Science and TechnologyCochin 682022India Advanced Centre for Atmospheric Radar Research Cochin University of Science and TechnologyCochin 682022India Faculty of Science and Natural Resources Universiti Malaysia SabahKota Kinabalu 88400Malaysia

The inverse relationship between the warm phase of the El Nino Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and the Indian summer monsoon Rainfall(ISMR)is well established.Yet,some El Nino events that occur in the early months of the year(boreal spring)transform into a neutral phase before the start of summer,whereas others begin in the boreal summer and persist in a positive phase throughout the summer monsoon season.This study investigates the distinct influences of an exhausted spring El Nino(springtime)and emerging summer El Nino(summertime)on the regional variability of ISMR.The two ENSO categories were formulated based on the time of occurrence of positive SST anomalies over the Nino-3.4 region in the Pacific.The ISMR’s dynamical and thermodynamical responses to such events were investigated using standard metrics such as the Walker and Hadley circulations,vertically integrated moisture flux convergence(VIMFC),wind shear,and upper atmospheric circulation.The monsoon circulation features are remarkably different in response to the exhausted spring El Nino and emerging summer El Nino phases,which distinctly dictate regional rainfall variability.The dynamic and thermodynamic responses reveal that exhausted spring El Nino events favor excess monsoon rainfall over eastern peninsular India and deficit rainfall over the core monsoon regions of central India.In contrast,emerging summer El Nino events negatively impact the seasonal rainfall over the country,except for a few regions along the west coast and northeast India.

关键词： exhausted spring El Nino emerging summer El Nino Indian summer monsoon Hadley and Walker circulation tropical easterly jet vertical integrated moisture flux convergence

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雅鲁藏布江中游全新世风成活动历史及其与印度季风变化的关系

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第12期30卷 2002-2014页

作者：李拓宇张继峰伍永秋杜世松莫多闻廖奕楠陈智童刘建宝李庆 Capital Normal University Beijing 100048China Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology(LAE) Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchCASBeijing 100101China MOE Engineering Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Ministry of EducationCollege of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Geographical Sciences Hebei Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information ApplicationHebei Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang 050011China

Widespread aeolian deposits on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)have provided valuable palaeoclimatic information.However,the primary factors(e.g.,climate factors,human activity,and vegetation cover)controlling aeolian deposition remain elusive.In this paper,we use a dataset that comprises new and published ages of Holocene aeolian sand and loess in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River to identify the primary controlling factors and palaeoclimatic implications of aeolian deposition.Several intervals of enhanced aeolian accumulation centered at 8.5-7.8,6.4-5.8,4.5-4.0,3.1-1.8,and 0.9 ka are identified,generally consistent with regional low rainfall events and weak Indian summer monsoon(ISM).This suggests that regional wetness,dominated by the ISM,may play a key role in modulating dust emissions and aeolian deposition on centennial timescales.Our results show that on centennial-to millennial-scales,ISM activity can be reconstructed by non-continuous aeolian deposits in the monsoon dominated TP.

关键词： Holocene aeolian activity dust Indian summer monsoon Tibetan Plateau

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The cold pool of the Bay of Bengal and its association with the break phase of the Indian summer monsoon

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大气和海洋科学快报：英文版 2017年第3期10卷 214-220页

作者： Mary Swapna GEORGE Porathur Vareed JOSEPH Kochuparampil Ajith JOSEPH Laurent BERTINO Ola Mathias JOHANNESSEN Nansen Environmental Research Centre(India) KochiIndia Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center BergenNorway Nansen Scientific Society BergenNorway

During the summer monsoon season, strong coastal upwelling occurs along the southwest coast of India and at the southern tip of India, which cools the surface temperature of the waters around these regions. The summer monsoon current carries the upwelled cold waters into the Bay of Bengal and forms the ‘cold pool of the Bay of Bengal', with its core south of Sri Lanka and over the southcentral Bay of Bengal. The present study focuses on the intrusion of these cold waters into the south of the Bay of Bengal, its interannual variability, and its association with the surface wind during the break phase of the summer monsoon, when strong westerly surface winds flow south of 10°N.The authors hypothesize that the enhanced cooling in the cold pool region during monsoon spells is associated with the strong westerly wind stress there during the break spells of the monsoon.Seven cases of long break monsoon spells that occurred during the nine years from 2001 to 2009 are analyzed, and the results confirm our hypothesis.

关键词： Cold pool indian Ocean Bay of Bengal Indian summer monsoon break monsoon

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Weakening of Indian summer monsoon in Recent Decades

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2005年第1期22卷 21-29页

作者：武炳义 Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences

The analysis of 43 years of NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data and station observations reveals the connections between tropospheric temperature variations and the weakening of the Indian summer monsoon circulation. The Indian summer monsoon variation is strongly linked to tropospheric temperature over East Asia, showing significant positive correlations of mean tropospheric temperature with all-indian summer rainfall and the monsoon circulation

关键词： Indian summer monsoon tropospheric temperature East Asia land-sea thermal contrast

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Analysis and Numerical Simulations of the Teleconnection Between Indian summer monsoon and Precipitation in North China

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2008年第4期22卷 489-501页

作者：刘芸芸丁一汇 Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences National Climate Center Beijing 100081

In the early 1980s, Chinese meteorologists discovered the positive correlation in summer rainfall between India and North China and the correlation was later confirmed by some researches in and outside China. Based on a variety of meteorological data from 1951 to 2005 and numerical simulations, the present study investigates such a correlation between Indian summer monsoon （ISM） and precipitation in North China. Furthermore, we discuss the intrinsic relations of the positive （Northwest India）-negative （the Tibetan Plateau）-positive （North China） precipitation anomaly teleconnection pattern from two aspects of thermal and dynamical factors, which not only confirms the precipitation teleconnection previously discovered again, but also reveals the influence mechanism of the ISM on the rainfall in North China. The results show that：（1） When the ISM is strong （weak）, the precipitation in North China tends to be more （less） than normal; however, when the rainfall in North China is more （less） than normal, the probability of the strengthening （weakening） of the ISM is relatively lower. This implies that the ISM anomaly has more impact on the rainfall in North China. （2） The indian low usually dominantly impacts the intensity of the ISM. When the indian low deepens, the low troughs in mid-high latitudes are frequently strengthened, and the ridge of the western Pacific subtropical high （WPSH） extends westward. The southwesterly water vapor transport originated from low-latitudes and the southeasterly water vapor transport along the southwestern flank of the WPSH converge in North China, which is favorable for more rainfall there than normal, and vice versa. （3） The simulations from the regional climate model developed by National Climate Center （ReGCM_NCC） capture the salient feature of the precipitation teleconnection between India and North China. The simulated anomalous atmospheric existence of such a teleconnection from another circulations are close to observations, which confirms the angle.

关键词： Indian summer monsoon summer precipitation North China teleconnection regional climate model of the National Climate Center （ReGCM_NCC）

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The influence of the Indian summer monsoon on vertical vegetation belts in Yunan（SE Tibet） over the past 68 kyr

The influence of the Indian summer monsoon on vertical veget...

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中国古生物学会孢粉学分会十届二次学术年会

作者： Xiao Zhang Zhuo Zheng Kangyou Huang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geodynamics and Geohazards School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringSun Yat–sen University

Reconstructing past changes of paleovegetation in South-West China（SE Tibet） is key to understanding the paleoclimatic dynamics of the Indian summer monsoon（ISM）.Over the past few decades,research in this field has mainly concentrated on the Holocene and deglacial period,which limits our understanding of the evolution of the ISM.Here,we provide a 68 kyr lacustrine paleoclimatic record collected from Tengchong Qinghai Lake in SE Tibet.Highresolution pollen and charcoal analysis,combined with specific pollen identification of Quercus using scanning electron microscope,were conducted.Our results reveal that the high percentage of Quercus pollen particularly in the last glacial period was actually derived from the species of sclerophyllous Quercus living in the high plateau,which are totally different from the species of Cyclobalanopsis that is distributed at low elevation.Significant vegetation stages are recorded,which corresponds to the Quercus forest of Tibetan evergreen sclerophyllous（TES） during the glacial period,evergreen broadleaved forest in the Holocene and secondary forest（Alnus） at the last 4.0 kyr.The micro-charcoal agrees with pollen PCA-1 proxy showing that relatively high precipitation occurred in the MIS3 and the mid-Holocene,while the lowest temperature/precipitation period was 28.4–18.0 cal kyr BP,which happens to correlate with the Last Glacial Maximum.The center Quercus（TES） belt at the LGM was about ～1000 m lower than in present SW China,indicating a temperature 5–6℃ lower than today.The simultaneous coupling of our data with the sea surface temperature in the indian Ocean illustrates that the variability of Indian summer monsoon should be crucial for the change of energy/moisture transmission in SW China,and that the Antarctic glacial-interglacial ice-sheet changes may play a key role in driving the circulation and water temperature of the indian Ocean.

关键词： Pollen analysis sclerophyllous Quercus South-West China last glacial period Indian summer monsoon

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Impacts of intraseasonal oscillation on the onset and interannual variation of the Indian summer monsoon

Impacts of intraseasonal oscillation on the onset and intera...

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“2010年北京气象学会中青年优秀论文评选”学术研讨会

作者： QI YanJun~(1,2,3),ZHANG RenHe~(2+),LI Tim~4 & WEN Min~2 1 Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China 2 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China 3 Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China 4 International Pacific Research Center and Department of Meteorology,University of Hawaii at Manoa,Honolulu 96816,HI,USA

The role of the intraseasonal oscillation(ISO) on the seasonal and interannual variations of the Indian summer monsoon is investigated based on the analysis of observational data.It is shown that the ISO significantly contributes to the establishment of low-level westerlies during the monsoon onset and developing periods.The effect of the ISO on the annual cycle of the monsoon is through nonlinear eddy momentum transport.On the interannual timescale,the Indian summer monsoon rainfall exhibits a significant out-of-phase relationship with the ISO intensity over the indian monsoon region.In strong ISO years it appears the weak monsoon when there is an abnormal high over the India subcontinent in the lower troposphere.In weak ISO years there exists an abnormal low and the strong monsoon appears.

关键词： intraseasonal oscillation（ISO） Indian summer monsoon interannual variation

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Recent Advances in Understanding Multi-scale Climate Variability of the Asian monsoon

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第8期40卷 1429-1456页

作者： Wen CHEN Renhe ZHANG Renguang WU Zhiping WEN Liantong ZHOU Lin WANG Peng HU Tianjiao MA Jinling PIAO Lei SONG Zhibiao WANG Juncong LI Hainan GONG Jingliang HUANGFU Yong LIU Department of Atmospheric Sciences Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China Center for monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Earth SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Studies of the multi-scale climate variability of the Asian monsoon are essential to an advanced understanding of the physical processes of the global climate system.In this paper,the progress achieved in this field is systematically reviewed,with a focus on the past several years.The achievements are summarized into the following topics:(1)the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon;(2)the East Asian summer monsoon;(3)the East Asian winter monsoon;and(4)the Indian summer monsoon.Specifically,new results are highlighted,including the advanced or delayed local monsoon onset tending to be synchronized over the Arabian Sea,Bay of Bengal,Indochina Peninsula,and South China Sea;the basic features of the record-breaking mei-yu in 2020,which have been extensively investigated with an emphasis on the role of multi-scale processes;the recovery of the East Asian winter monsoon intensity after the early 2000s in the presence of continuing greenhouse gas emissions,which is believed to have been dominated by internal climate variability(mostly the Arctic Oscillation);and the accelerated warming over South Asia,which exceeded the tropical indian Ocean warming,is considered to be the main driver of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall recovery since 1999.A brief summary is provided in the final section along with some further discussion on future research directions regarding our understanding of the Asian monsoon variability.

关键词： Asian monsoon multi-scale climate variability monsoon onset East Asian summer monsoon East Asian winter monsoon Indian summer monsoon

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Correlation Between the Arabian Sea Surface Temperature and the Onset Period of South Asian summer monsoon with Trend Analysis on the Intensity

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2023年第4期22卷 930-938页

作者： HAN Shuzong WANG Ruoqi ZHANG Shuiping CHEN Zhentao College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China College of Ocean Science and Technology Hainan Tropical Ocean UniversitySanya 572000China Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute Hainan Tropical Ocean UniversitySanya 572000China College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China

The long-term trend of the Arabian Sea surface temperature(ASST)during the formation of the South Asian summer monsoon(SASM)is discussed in this manuscript.From April to June,ASST changed from a meridional gradual distribution to a spatially uniform distribution and then to a zonal gradual distribution.The South Asian summer monsoon intensity(SASMI)and South Asian summer monsoon direction(SASMD)indicate that the variation of the ASST is highly related to the formation of the SASM during the summer monsoon period and can contribute to the spread of the SASM from the Southwest Arabian Sea throughout all of South Asia.Results of the correlation between the ASST and SASMI for the same month and its adjacent months were the same,and the areas of the positive correlation between the ASST and SASMI significantly increased from May–June as compared to April–May.The maximum correlation coefficient was 0.86.The results of the ASST and SASMD for the same month and its adjacent months were substantially different.However,the ASST and SASMD for May and April also showed a high positive correlation with a maximum correlation coefficient of 0.61 in the southwestern Arabian Sea.Existence of the ASST had a spatially consistent and significant upward trend with a mean increase of 0.6℃during the summer monsoon period from 1980 to 2020(between April and September),whereas the SASMI had a strengthening trend along the western and southwestern regions of the Arabian Sea and the southeastern region of the Arabian Peninsula.Meanwhile,the rest of the study regions showed a declining trend.Overall,the entire study region showed a slight downward trend,and the average value decreased by 0.02ms^(−1).

关键词： Arabian Sea surface temperature South Asian summer monsoon Indian summer monsoon air-sea interaction

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Contributions of moisture sources to precipitation in the major drainage basins in the Tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第6期65卷 1088-1103页

作者： Ying LI Fengge SU Qiuhong TANG Hongkai GAO Denghua YAN Hui PENG Shangbin XIAO Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region Yichang 443002China College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Process Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science(Ministry of Education of China) East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin Water Resources DepartmentChina Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchBeijing 100038China

Tracking and quantifying the moisture sources of precipitation in different drainage basins in the Tibetan Plateau(TP)help to reveal basin-scale hydrological cycle characteristics under the interactions between the westerlies and Indian summer monsoon(ISM) systems and to improve our understanding on the mechanisms of water resource changes in the ‘Asian Water Tower' under climate changes. Based on a Eulerian moisture tracking model(WAM-2) and three atmospheric reanalysis products(ERA-I, MERRA-2, and JRA-55), the contributions of moisture sources to the precipitation in six major sub-basins in the TP were tracked during an approximately 35-year period(1979/1980–2015). The results showed that in the upper Indus(UI),upper Tarim River(UT), and Qaidam Basin(QB), the moisture sources mainly extended westward along the mid-latitude westerlies to the western part of the Eurasian continent. In contrast, in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin(YB), inner TP(ITP), and the source area of three eastern rivers(TER, including the Nujiang River, Lancang River, and Yangtze River), the moisture sources extended both westward and southward, but mainly southward along the ISM. In winter and spring, all of the sub-basins were dominated by western moisture sources. In summer, the western sources migrated northward with the zonal movement of the westerlies, and simultaneously the southern sources of the YB, ITP, and TER expanded largely toward the indian Ocean along the ISM. In autumn, the moisture sources of the UI, UT, and QB shrank to the western sources, and the moisture sources of the YB, ITP, and TER shrank to the central-southern TP and the indian subcontinent. By quantifying the moisture contributions from multiple sources, we found that the terrestrial moisture dominated in all of the sub-basins, particularly in the UT and QB(62–73%). The oceanic contributions were relatively high in the UI(38–42%) and YB(38–41%). In winter, evaporation from the large western water bodies(such as the Mediterranean, Red Sea, and Persian Gulf) was sig

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Precipitation Moisture sources Westerlies Indian summer monsoon Local recycling

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