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Confucian Ethics and impartiality： On the Confucian View about Brotherhood

Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2012年第1期7卷 1-19页

作者： FANG Xudong Department of Philosophy East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

This essay reviews Confucian ethics with regard to impartiality and Confucian notion of brotherhood. It focuses on the comments by Song Neo- Confucians, Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi, about a famous case involving brotherhood. In this case Diwu Lun of the Han dynasty treated his diseased son and his diseased nephew in different ways. The author argues that Confucianism, starting from a naturalist standpoint, affirms the partiality in the relations between brothers, and judges deliberate impartiality negatively. On this point, one cannot simply view Confucianism as analogous to the Kantian ethics which promises impartiality or the virtue ethics which opposes impartiality.

关键词： Confucian ethics Neo-Confucian impartiality virtue ethics Kantian ethics brotherhood

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A Fair E-Cash Payment Scheme Based on Credit

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2006年第1期11卷 155-159页

作者： WANG Shao-bin HONG Fan CUI Guo-hua College of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074 Hubei China

A new fair e-eash payment scheme based on credit is present in this paper. In the scheme, an overdraft credit certificate is issued to user by hank. Using the overdraft credit certificate, user can produce e-cash himself to pay in exchanges. Merchant can verify the e-cash received from user. Bank can make a fair dis pute resolution when there is a dissension between user and merchant. It can avoid ＇the problem of partition e-cash for changes, prevent from reusing e-cash and fa- king e-cash, It. fits justice, anonymity, non deny and impartiality.

关键词： overdraft credit off-line payment e-cash impartiality justice

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An Accurate and Impartial Expert Assignment Method for Scientific Project Review

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Journal of Data and Information Science 2017年第4期2卷 65-80页

作者： Mingliang Yue Kailin Tian Tingcan Ma Wuhan Documentation and Information Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Library South West Forestry University

Purpose： This paper proposes an expert assignment method for scientific project review that considers both accuracy and impartiality. As impartial and accurate peer review is extremely important to ensure the quality and feasibility of scientific projects, enhanced methods for managing the process are needed. Design/methodology/approach： To ensure both accuracy and impartiality, we design four criteria, the reviewers＇fitness degree, research intensity, academic association, and potential conflict of interest, to express the characteristics of an appropriate peer review expert. We first formalize the expert assignment problem as an optimization problem based on the designed criteria, and then propose a randomized algorithm to solve the expert assignment problem of identifying reviewer adequacy. Findings： Simulation results show that the proposed method is quite accurate and impartial during expert assignment. Research limitations： Although the criteria used in this paper can properly show the characteristics of a good and appropriate peer review expert, more criteria/conditions can be included in the proposed scheme to further enhance accuracy and impartiality of the expert assignment. Practical implications： The proposed method can help project funding agencies （e.g. the National Natural Science Foundation of China） find better experts for project peer review. OriginaUty/value： To the authors＇ knowledge, this is the first publication that proposes an algorithm that applies an impartial approach to the project review expert assignment process. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Expert assignment Accuracy impartiality Randomized algorithm

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Third-Party Mediation in International Relations:Principles and Key to Success

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海外英语 2011年第13期 373-374页

作者：孔雷 Zhengzhou University of Light Industry

In today's complex and more interdependent world,countries struggle to maintain the balance between their national interests and stable international ***,third-party mediation becomes a popular method in resolving on-going or even historical conflicts between *** the mediation process is being adopted is quite important,and there are number of elements that determine the achievement of mediation in the conflict resolution,such as role of mediator,mediation impartiality,and the techniques of ***,third-party mediation help to facilitate the contradiction yet cannot remove the ultimate discord among nations,in which it will take a long way to go in the international political arena.

关键词： security conflict resolution impartiality ethical dilemma

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A Comment on Confucian Role Ethics

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2012年第4期7卷 604-609页

作者： Daniel A.Bell Department of Philosophy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

dRoger Ames＇s Confucian Role Ethics： A Vocabulary, is an important contribution to an impressive, decades-long academic output of lasting value. A Confucian way of life, in my view, is a constant quest for self-improvement, and Roger is a wonderful model for other academics. Let me now turn to some questions about Roger＇s book in the hope that Roger＇s answers will clarify some key issues. I focus on chapter 4, which specifically deals with Confucian role ethics. I begin with some questions about terminology and then ask some questions about role ethics and morality.

关键词： Morality Role ethics Communitarianism Confucian ethics Constitutive equations Cultural identity Human rights impartiality Terminology Parents

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A Study of English Gradable Antonyms

A Study of English Gradable Antonyms

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作者：姜淑珍浙江大学

学位级别：硕士

This dissertation is a study of the lexical-semantic relation of antonymy with its major focus on properties of gradable antonyms in English. Gradable antonyms are pairs of opposites with variable degrees in semantic strength. Syntactically, they can be modified by intensifiers like "very" and "too" and can be used in comparatives. They can be classified into different categories from different aspects. Semantically, one term of an antonymic pair is opposed to the other, with a fuzzy boundary. This quality, which is inherent to gradable antonyms, is referred to as committedness, and its reduction in semantic strength is termed as impartiality. Occurring in some gradable antonyms in the comparative, impartiality can be considered as an additional and conditional property. Semantically-defined impartiality is distinguished from pragmatically- defined unmarkedness in that the latter describes a neutralized state without any committedness.The use of gradable antonyms in the positive degree presupposes a comparison. The calibration for comparison is set by the nominal with which the antonym co-occurs. This implicit calibration bears the features of relativity, uncertainty, subjectivity and cultural variation. These variations can sometimes result in failure in interpersonal communication, especially in cross-cultural communication.More often than not, however, gradable antonyms are associated with comparative sentences, where, against the comparison domain introduced by "than", a comparison is overtly made by means of a gradable antonym in its comparative degree. In such sentences, the calibration and comparison domain converge semantically.Gradable antonyms can be viewed and explicated from the cognitive perspective. When people perceive a certain property, such as a state, sensation, the most effective and efficient way is to bisect this property and coin two words contrary in meaning to represent the sub-properties, each of which is po

关键词： lexical semantics gradable antonyms comparison markedness unmarkedness committedness impartiality

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The Thing to Do

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2022年第1期12卷 48-51页

作者： Jan-Erik Lane University of Geneva GenevaSwitzerland

In his book Explanation and Understanding(1973),von Wright,a well-known professor of philosophy,analyses two basic modes of explanation:nomothetic and *** former employs Hempal’s law like generalizing,while the latter points at motive and *** distinction between Galilean model and Aristotelian model is developed by means of von Wright’s insights into deontic logic-the logic of norms or what one OUGHT to *** then,does von Wright’s theory relate to theories of rational action in the social sciences?

关键词： intention behaviour von Wright impartiality

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受贿犯罪的保护法益应包括信赖利益

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刑事法学 2019年第11期

作者：孙运梁

关于受贿犯罪的保护法益，中外学者提出了诸多观点，对此通说认为对职务行为的信赖是受贿犯罪的保护法益。虽然对此在学理上有一定质疑，然而这些观点皆可被一一反驳。也就是说，信赖是值得保护的独立法益，其内容明确并且是客观实在的... 详细信息

关于受贿犯罪的保护法益，中外学者提出了诸多观点，对此通说认为对职务行为的信赖是受贿犯罪的保护法益。虽然对此在学理上有一定质疑，然而这些观点皆可被一一反驳。也就是说，信赖是值得保护的独立法益，其内容明确并且是客观实在的，对其的认定并不会脱离职务关联性；还有将信赖作为受贿犯罪的保护法益符合当下放宽受贿犯罪处罚范围的刑事政策的要求；再有有明确内容的信赖法益具有犯罪的界分功能，只是在对其进行判断时应当客观、事后以社会一般人的标准，所以其能合理说明基于合法职务行为的受贿、事后受贿；最后法治社会中的职务行为值得被信赖，对职务行为的制约、监督也正是为了促进信赖的实现。

关键词：信赖受贿犯罪保护法益不可收买性公正性 Confidence Bribery Crime Legal Interest Incorruptibility impartiality

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选择性取证用证之考量

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公安学 2020年第3期

作者：陈闻高

案侦的取证与用证相互渗透，选择取证时机与用证推理都是有条件的。考量选择性取证用证之利弊，辨析其合理性与违理性、合法性与违法性，以及它们与司法效益和冤错疑刑案的关系。以冤错疑刑案为镜，在其选证用证中，本应用证排除嫌疑的... 详细信息

案侦的取证与用证相互渗透，选择取证时机与用证推理都是有条件的。考量选择性取证用证之利弊，辨析其合理性与违理性、合法性与违法性，以及它们与司法效益和冤错疑刑案的关系。以冤错疑刑案为镜，在其选证用证中，本应用证排除嫌疑的，却选择了认定嫌疑；本应用证指向另一嫌疑的，却选择了伪装现场等说辞。这些排除与认定，都将案侦司法活动引入了歧途。而错误性选证用证造成的疑罪案件，更没有使当事人获得正义。虽然选择性组织证据体系，是还原案件事实的必然途径，但是案侦应在尽可能全面收集证据材料的基础上选用证据。在选证用证过程中，以什么样的标准取舍案件材料，在案侦司法人员的考量中，除了业务能力，公正执法的素质至关重要。

关键词：案侦司法案件材料取证用证选择性公正性 investigative justice case materials collecting and using evidences selective impartiality

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