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Comprehensive evaluation framework for intervention on health effects of ambient temperature

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Eco-Environment & Health 2024年第2期3卷 154-164页

作者： Jiaming Wang Peng Wang Beibei Liu Patrick L.Kinney Lei Huang Kai Chen State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Department of Environmental Health Boston University School of Public HealthBostonMA 02118USA Center for Public Health Research Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Department of Environmental Health Sciences Yale Center on Climate Change and HealthYale School of Public HealthNew HavenCT 06510USA

Despite the existence of many interventions to mitigate or adapt to the health effects of climate change,their effectiveness remains ***,we introduce the Comprehensive Evaluation Framework for intervention on Health Effects of Ambient Temperature to evaluate study designs and effects of intervention *** framework comprises three types of interventions:proactive,indirect,and direct,and four categories of indicators:classification,methods,scope,and *** trialed the framework by an evaluation of existing intervention *** evaluation revealed that each intervention has its own applicable characteristics in terms of effectiveness,feasibility,and generalizability *** expanded the framework's potential by offering a list of intervention recommendations in different *** applications are then explored to establish models of the relationship between study designs and intervention effects,facilitating effective interventions to address the health effects of ambient temperature under climate change.

关键词： intervention Evaluation framework Ambient temperature Climate change Human health Evaluation practice

Pre-autism:Advancing early identification and intervention in autism

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第34期12卷 6748-6753页

作者： Mohammed Al-Beltagi Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511Egypt Department of Pediatric University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671Bahrain

Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is often diagnosed long after symptoms have become *** delay can make it difficult to provide early intervention,which can impact long-term *** concept of"pre-autism"highlights the phase before a formal diagnosis of ASD,providing an opportunity for earlier identification and intervention,which could be a turning point in ASD *** a previous article,we explored different ways of diagnosing pre-autism,including historical records,physical markers,laboratory tests,and radiological *** manuscript builds on that foundation by emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in *** research advancements have clarified that ASD presentations can be complex,and individualized support strategies are *** significance of pre-autism lies in its potential to alter the trajectory of ASD through early detection and intervention despite challenges such as limited awareness and variability in symptom *** and diagnostic tools have shown promise as avenues for early detection,but it is essential to exercise caution and not rely too heavily on yet-tobe-established *** these challenges requires a collaborative effort to increase awareness,improve access to diagnostic tools,and foster inclusive ***,this manuscript calls for ongoing research,advocacy,and resource allocation to enhance early detection and intervention efforts,ensuring optimal outcomes for individuals on the autism spectrum.

关键词： Pre-autism Early diagnosis Children intervention Biomarkers Autism spectrum disorder Individualized support Collaboration

intervention on toll-like receptors in pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第19期20卷 5808-5817页

作者： Juan Vaz Roland Andersson Department of Surgery Clinical Sciences LundSkne University Hospital LundLund UniversitySE-221 85 LundSweden

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDA)is a devastating disease with pronounced morbidity and a high mortality *** available treatments lack convincing cost-efficiency determinations and are in most cases not associated with relevant success *** stimulation of the immune system in murine PDA models has revealed some promising *** receptors(TLRs)are pillars of the immune system that have been linked to several forms of malignancy,including lung,breast and colon *** humans,TLRs are expressed in the pancreatic cancer tissue and in several cancer cell lines,whereas they are not expressed in the normal *** the present review,we explore the current knowledge concerning the role of different TLRs associated to *** if almost all known TLRs are expressed in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment,there are only five TLRs suggested as possible therapeutic *** data points at TLR2 and TLR9 as effective tumor markers and agonists could potentially be used as *** adjuvant *** elucidation of the role of TLR3 in PDA is only in its initial *** inhibition/blockage of TLR4-related pathways has shown some promising effects,but there are still many steps left before TLR4 inhibitors can be considered as possible therapeutic ***,TLR7 antagonists seem to be potential candidates for *** of their potential in immunotherapies,all existing data indicate that TLRs are strongly involved in the pathophysiology and development of PDA.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Pathophysiological mechanism Toll-like receptor intervention Adjuvant therapy

Report on Childhood Obesity in China(8):Effects and Sustainability of Physical Activity intervention on Body Composition of Chinese Youth

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2010年第3期23卷 180-187页

作者： YAN-PING LI XIAO=QI HU EVERT G. SCHOUTEN AI-LING LIU SONG-MING DU LIN-ZHONG LI ZHAO-HuI CUI DONG WANG FRANS J KOK FRANK B HU GUAN-SHENG MA National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China Division of Human Nutrition Wageningen University The Netherlands Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology Harvard School of Public Health USA Department of Global Health and Population Harvard School of Public Health USA

Objectives To determine whether a large-scale physical activity intervention could affect body composition in primary school students in Beijing, China. Methods The study design was one-year cluster randomized controlled trial of physical activity intervention （20 rain of daily exercise in the classroom） with an additional year of follow-up among 4 700 students aged 8-11 years at baseline. Results After the one-year intervention, BMI increased by 0.56 kg/m2 （SD 1.15） in the intervention group and by 0.72 kg/m^2 （SD 1.20） in the control group, with a mean difference of-0.15 kg/m^2 （95% CI： -0.28 to -0.02）. BMI z score decreased by -0.05 （SD 0.44） in the intervention group, but increased by 0.01 （SD 0.46） in the control group, with a mean difference of-0.07 （-0.13 to -0.01）. After another year of follow up, compared to the control group, children in the intervention group had significantly lower BMI （-0.13, -0.25 to -0.01 ）, BMI z score （-0.05, -0.10 to -0.01）, fat mass （-0.27 kg, -0.53 to -0.02） and percent body fat （-0.53, -1.00 to -0.05）. The intervention had a more pronounced effect on weight, height, BMI, BMI z score, and body composition among obese children than among normal weight or overweight children. Compared to the control group, the intervention group had a significantly higher percentage of children who maintained or reduced their BMI z score at year 1 （P-0.008） and year 2 （P=-0.04）. Conclusions These findings suggest that 20 min of daily moderate to vigorous physical activity during the school year is a feasible and effective way to prevent excessive gain of body weight, BMI, and body fatness in primary school students.

关键词： intervention BMI School China

Current status of percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusion

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2012年第8期13卷 589-602页

作者： Jun-bo GE Department of Cardiology Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

This paper describes the current status of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for totally occluded coronary arteries. Chronic total occlusion is associated with 10%-20% of all PCI procedures. Results show that opening an occluded vessel, especially one supplying a considerable area of myocardium, may be beneficial for a patient's angina relief and heart function. We describe the devices used currently in re-canalization such as new wires, microcatheters (including Tonus and Cosair) and intravascular ultrasound guidance. Different techniques to improve the success rate and reduce complications are discussed in detail.

关键词： Percutaneous coronary intervention Chronic total occlusion Retrograde approach

Observing the stages of bystander intervention in virtual reality simulation

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2019年第3期10卷 145-151页

作者： David G. Buckler Alfredo Almodovar Jr Paul Snobelen Benjamin S. Abella Audrey Blewer Marion Leary Center for Resuscitation Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Peel Regional Paramedic Service 1600 Bovaird Dr. E Brampton ON L6R 3S8 Canada Department of Community & Family Medicine Duke University Medical Center DUMC 2914 Durham NC 27710 USA School of Nursing University of Pennsylvania 418 Guardian Drive Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

BACKGROUND: Understanding bystander reactions to an emergency is an important component of effective training. Four stages of bystander intervention (BI) have been previously described: noticing the situation as a problem, interpreting when it is appropriate to intervene, recognizing personal responsibility to intervene, and knowing how to intervene. Using virtual reality (VR) to simulate emergencies such as sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) can be used to study these stages. METHODS: In a secondary analysis of an observational cohort study, we analyzed bystander self-effi cacy for stages of BI before and after simulated SCA. Each subject participated in a singleplayer, immersive, VR SCA scenario. Subjects interacted with simulated bystanders through voice commands (“call 911”,“get an AED”). Actions taken in scenario, like performing CPR, were documented. Scenario BI actions were compared based on dichotomized comfort/discomfort. RESULTS: From June 2016 to June 2017, 119 subjects participated. Average age was 37±14 years, 44% were female and 46% reported CPR training within 2 years. During the scenario, 98%“noticed the event” and “interpreted it as a problem”, 78%“took responsibility”, and 54%“possessed the necessary skills”. Self-effi cacy increased from pre- to post-scenario: noticing the event increased from 80% to 96%;interpreting as a problem increased from 86% to 97%;taking responsibility increased from 56% to 93%;possessing necessary skills increased from 47% to 63%(P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Self-efficacy to respond to an SCA event increased pre- to post-scenario. Bystanders who reported feeling comfortable “taking responsibility to intervene” during an emergency were more likely to take action during a simulated emergency.

关键词： Virtual reality Bystander intervention Emergency preparedness

Evaluating modified effects of family factors on intervention to protect primary school students from the impact of heatwave

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2023年第6期14卷 866-872页

作者： Rui ZHANG Bo SUN Si-Yuan WU Shui-Ling QU Yan WANG Yu-Jie MENG Song-Wang WANG Xiao-Yuan YAO Shilu TONG Yong-Hong LI Yi-Bin CHENG Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Bejing 102206China National Institute of Environmental Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100021China China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health National Institute of Environmental HealthChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100021China Sprott School of Businss Carleton UniversityOttawa Ontario KIS 5B6Canada School of Public Health and Social Work Queensland University of Technology BrisbaneBrisbane 4006Australia

Identifying the factors that may impact intervention effectiveness of primary students is crucial for developing targeted intervention strategies on heatwave *** purpose of the study was to assess how the family factors could affect the intervention effects of primary school students to adapt heatwave,using the data from a previously conducted primary school-based intervention *** study recruited 648 students(9-13 years old)and their parents from two primary schools in Dongtai of Jiangsu province,*** May to September 2017,a 5-mon intervention for enhancing knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)was implemented at the intervention *** students'KAP scores and the family-related information were measured by designed self-administered questionnaires at intervention school and control school separately before and after *** effects of the intervention were explored through the propensity score matching and difference-in-difference method(PSM-DID),and stratifed analysis were conducted by family *** overall KAP score increased by 2.391(95%CI:1.881,2.902)after intervention,which shows that the intervention was *** students whose parents with higher school educational attainment,parents with employment,and household number≤3 achieved significantly higher increment of KAP scores than their *** students whose parents in marriage achieved higher score increasing than parents not in marriage,the difference was *** findings indicated that parental education status,working status and the household size were the influence factors of heatwave adaption interventions for primary school *** interventions should take parental education status,working status and household size into account to improve the effectiveness of heatwave adaption intervention for primary school students.

关键词： Heatwave intervention Family factors Primary students Parents

Effect of ramipril on progression of nonculprit lesions in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction after primary percutaneous coronary intervention

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2019年第9期16卷 695-700页

作者： Jian WANG Song-Yuan HE Department of Cardiology Aerospace Central Hospital Aerospace Clinical Medical College of Peking University

Objective To investigate the effect of ramipril on progression of nonculprit lesions in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PPCI). Methods A total of 200 patients(60.1 ± 11.3 years) with STEMI who underwent successful PPCI from January 2010 to December 2013 were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent PPCI as treatment for culprit lesions. Patients were divided into two groups according to the dosage of ramipril used at hospital discharge as follows: high dosage group(2.5–10 mg, q.d.) and low dosage group(1.25–2.5 mg, q.d.). Clinical and angiographic follow-up was performed for 12 months. The primary endpoint was clinically-driven percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) for nonculprit lesions. The clinical and angiographic features were analyzed. Results Clinical and angiographic follow-up was performed with 87 patients in the high dosage group and 113 patients in the low dosage group. The numbers of patients who underwent additional PCI were six and 20 in the high and low dosage groups, respectively. The rate of having additional PCI performed was lower in the high dosage group than in the low dosage group(6.90% vs. 17.70%, P = 0.03). Conclusions A high dosage of ramipril may prevent progression of nonculprit lesions, which could be the major cause of recurrent PCI in patients with STEMI after PPCI.

关键词： Nonculprit lesion Primary percutaneous coronary intervention Ramipril ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Analysis of a Community-based intervention to Reduce Heat-related Illness during Heat Waves in Licheng,China:a Quasi-experimental Study

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期29卷 802-813页

作者： LI Jing XU Xin WANG Jun ZHAO Yun SONG Xiu Ping LIU Zhi Dong CAO Li Na JIANG Bao Fa LIUQiYong Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthShandong UniversityJinan 250012ShandongChina State Key Laboratory of lnfectious Disease Prevention and Control Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center Jinan 250012ShandongChina Department of Dentistry Affiliated HospitalWeifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261000ShandongChina Licheng District Center for Disease Control and Prevention Jinan 250012ShangdongChina

Objective To reduce health-related threats of heat waves, interventions have been implemented in many parts of the world. However, there is a lack of higher-level evidence concerning the intervention efficacy. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of an intervention to reduce the number of heat-related illnesses. Methods A quasi-experimental design was employed by two cross-sectional surveys in the year 2024 and 2015, including 2,240 participants and 2,356 participants, respectively. Each survey was designed to include one control group and one intervention group, which conducted in Licheng, China. A representative sample was selected using a multistage sampling method. Data, collected from questionnaires about heat waves in 2014 and 2015, were analyzed using a difference-in-difference analysis and cost effectiveness analysis. Outcomes included changes in the prevalence of heat-related illnesses and cost-effectiveness variables. Results Relative to the control participants, the prevalence of heat-related illness in the intervention participants decreased to a greater extent in rural areas than in urban areas （OR=0.495 vs. OR=2.282）. Moreover, the cost-effectiveness ratio in the intervention group was tess than that in the control group （usS25.06 vs. us$25.69 per participant）. Furthermore, to avoid one additional patient, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio showed that an additional USS14.47 would be needed for the intervention compared to when no intervention was applied. Conclusion The intervention program may be considered a worthwhile investment for rural areas that are more likely to experience heat waves. Meanwhile, corresponding improving measures should be presented towards urban areas. Future research should examine whether the intervention strategies could be spread out in other domestic or international regions where heat waves are usually experienced.

关键词： Effectiveness intervention Quasi-experimental Heat waves Difference-in-differenceanalysis Cost-effectiveness analysis