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Be Healthy: Know Your Numbers

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Open Journal of Nursing 2024年第7期14卷 368-376页

作者： Clari Gilbert St. Vincent and the Grenadines Retired Nurses Association Kingstown St. Vincent and the Grenadines Mustique Charitable Trust Kingstown St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Among the adult population in St. Vincent and the Grenadines (SVG), there is a marked prevalence of diabetes and hypertension;diseases that pose significant public health, and socio-economic challenges, This awareness raised concerns about the prevalence of the diseases among the youth population, and motivated the SVG Retired Nurses Association (SVGRNA) to collaborate with the Mustique Charitable Trust (MCT) to conduct the “Be Healthy: Know Your Numbers” research project among college-age students. The tri-fold purpose of the project was to determine the prevalence of high blood pressure and blood sugar levels among the college-aged population in Savageries, the awareness of the youths about the causal factors of the diseases, and encourage healthy lifestyle among the demographic. For this mixed-method research project, both quantitative and qualitative data were gathered from a sample of 851 students;306 were males and 545 were females. The results revealed that a significantly high number of students were diabetic and hypertensive, or were at high risk of getting the diseases on account of their poor dietary and lifestyle practices. The highest readings for both diseases were seen among the males. At the onset of the research, the students were largely apathetic toward the diseases. However, there was noticeable attitudinal change, and demonstrable willingness to make the needed lifestyle changes. The study concluded that mitigating the risks of hypertension and diabetes within the youth community in St. Vincent and the Grenadines will be achieved through education about the causal factors and implications of the diseases, as well as through targeted interventions delivered by a wide cross-section of stakeholders.

关键词： hyperglycemia Hypertension College-Age Demographic St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Artificial intelligence powered glucose monitoring and controlling system:Pumping module

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2024年第1期14卷 100-112页

作者： Sravani Medanki Nikhil Dommati Hema Harshitha Bodapati Venkata Naga Sai Kowsik Katru Gollapalli Moses Abhishek Komaraju Nanda Sai Donepudi Dhanya Yalamanchili Jasti Sateesh Pratap Turimerla Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering CollegeVijayawada 520007Andhra PradeshIndia Department of General Medicine Siddhartha Government Medical CollegeVijayawada 520008Andhra PradeshIndia

BACKGROUND Diabetes,a globally escalating health concern,necessitates innovative solutions for efficient detection and *** glucose control is an essential aspect of managing diabetes and finding the most effective ways to control *** latest findings suggest that a basal insulin administration rate and a single,highconcentration injection before a meal may not be sufficient to maintain healthy blood glucose *** the basal insulin rate treatment can stabilize blood glucose levels over the long term,it may not be enough to bring the levels below the post-meal limit after 60 *** short-term impacts of meals can be greatly reduced by high-concentration injections,which can help stabilize blood glucose ***,they cannot provide long-term stability to satisfy the postmeal or pre-meal ***,proportional-integral-derivative(PID)control with basal dose maintains the blood glucose levels within the range for a longer *** To develop a closed-loop electronic system to pump required insulin into the patient's body automatically in synchronization with glucose sensor *** The proposed system integrates a glucose sensor,decision unit,and pumping module to specifically address the pumping of insulin and enhance system *** as the intelligence hub,the decision unit analyzes data from the glucose sensor to determine the optimal insulin dosage,guided by a pre-existing glucose and insulin level *** artificial intelligence detection block processes this information,providing decision instructions to the pumping *** with communication antennas,the glucose sensor and micropump operate in a feedback loop,creating a closed-loop system that eliminates the need for manual *** The incorporation of a PID controller to assess and regulate blood glucose and insulin levels in individuals with diabetes introduces a sophisticated and dynamic element to diabetes ***

关键词： Diabetes hyperglycemia Insulin Micropump Closed loop systems Artificial intelligence automation

Danzhi Jiangtang capsule(丹蛭降糖胶囊) alleviate hyperglycemiaand periodontitis via Wnt/β-catenin signaling in diabetic rats

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2021年第4期41卷 608-616页

作者： DONG Lei XU Pei Department of Stomatology Anhui Medical CollegeHefei 230601China

OBJECTIVE:To elucidate whether Danzhi Jiangtang capsule(丹蛭降糖胶囊,DJC)has treatment effects on diabetic periodontitis and the potential ***:One week after the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin(STZ),60 male Wistar rats were ligated by orthodontic ligation thread in cervical portion of bilateral maxillary first molar to induce diabetic *** was exanimated by tooth tissue morphology after 4 *** then all rats were divided into 5 groups:diabetic periodontitis group(DP,n=20),periodontal basic treatment group(DP+BT,n=20),periodontal basic treatment+DJC treatment group(DP+BT+DJC,n=20)and additional Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor group(DP+BT+DJC+WIKI4/21 H7,n=20).Eight weeks after different interventions,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),C-peptide and glycosylated hemoglobin(Hb Alc)of rats were measured and then all rats were *** paraffin sections of periodontal tissue were executed hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and immunohistochemical *** m RNA and protein levels of inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Q-PCR)and Western blotting(WB).The protein levels of Wnt/β-catenin signaling molecules were measured by ***:The blood glucose and C-peptide concentrations in DP,DP+BT and DP+BT+DJC groups were gradually reduced,with gradually decreased distance of CEJ-A and the percentage of periodontal ligament(PDL),as well as gradually increased Hb *** number of monocytes and leukocytes in the junctional epithelium and periodontal connective tissue was markedly decreased in DP+BT+DJC group(P<0.05),which was slightly reduced in DP+BT group comparing to DP *** protein levels of Wnt1 andβ-catenin were obviously up-regulated with DJC treatment,while the SOST and DDK1 were markedly down-regulated with DJC *** expression levels of BGP were lowest in DP group and highest in DP+BT+DJC group,while the tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ)and metalloproteinase-3(M

关键词： hyperglycemia periodontitis alveolar bone loss Wnt signaling pathway beta catenin Danzhi Jiangtang capsule

Depletion of insulin receptors leads to β-cell hyperplasia in zebrafish

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Science Bulletin 2017年第7期62卷 486-492页

作者： Binyuan Yang Gang Zhai Yulong Gong Jingzhi Su Dong Han Zhan Yin Shouqi Xie State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province Wuhan 430070 China

hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes results from an inability of insulin to regulate *** characterize the role of the insulin/insulin receptor pathway in glycometabolism and type 2 diabetes,we created a zebrafish model in which insulin receptors a and b(insra and insrb) have been *** first observed that insra and insrb were both expressed abundantly during embryonic development and in various adult *** expression of insulin and number of b-cells were observed in insra-/-/-insrb-/-fish together with higher glucose in insra-/-,insrb-/-,or insra-/-/-insrb-/-fish,indicating that insra and insrb were knocked out ***,compared to the wild-type fish,insra-/-/-insrb-/-fish died between 5 and 16 days post-fertilization(dpf) with severe pericardial edema and increased level of cell apoptosis,which was not induced by increased total body glucose *** gluconeogenesis and decreased glycolysis were also observed in both single and double knockout fish,but no mortality or malformation was observed in single knockout *** the importance of insulin receptors in glucose homeostasis and embryonic development,transcriptome analysis was used to provide an important model of defective insulin signaling and to study its developmental consequences in *** results indicated that both insra and insrb played a pivotal role in glucose metabolism and embryonic development,and insra was more critical than insrb in the insulin signaling pathway.

关键词： hyperglycemia Type 2 diabetes Zebrafish β-cells Insulin receptors

Comparison of Space Glucose Control and Routine Glucose Management Protocol for Glycemic Control in Critically Ⅲ Patients： A Prospective, Randomized Clinical Study

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Chinese Medical Journal 2017年第17期130卷 2041-2049页

作者： Biao Xu Wei Jiang Chun-Yao Wang Li Weng Xiao-Yun Hu Jin-Min Peng Bin Du Medical Intensive Care Unit Peking Union Medical College Hospital Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100730 China Critical Care Center 302 Military Hospital of China Beijing 100039 China Medical Intensive Care Unit Peking Union Medical College Hospital Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100730 China

Background：The Space Glucose Control （SGC） system is a computer-assisted device combining infusion pumps with the enhanced Model Predictive Control algorithm to achieve the target blood glucose （BG） level *** objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of glycemic control by SGC with customized BG target range of 5.8-8.9 mmol/L in the critically ill ***：It is a randomized controlled trial of seventy critically ill patients with mechanical ventilation and hyperglycemia （BG 〉 9.0 mmol/L）.Thirty-six patients in the SGC group and 34 in the routine glucose management group were observed for three consecutive *** BG for both groups was 5.8-8.9 mmol/*** primary outcome was the percentage time in the target ***：The percentage time within BG target range in the SGC group （69 ＆#177; 15%） was significantly higher than in the routine management group （52 ＆#177; 24%;P 〈 0.01）.No measurement was 〈2.2 mmol/L,and there was only one episode of hypoglycemia （2.3-3.3 mmol/L） in each *** average BG was significantly lower in the SGC group （7.8 ＆#177; 0.7 mmol/L） than in the routine management group （9.1 ＆#177; 1.6 mmol/L,P 〈 0.001）.Target BG level was reached earlier in the SGC group than routine management group （2.5 ＆#177; 2.9 vs.12.1 ＆#177; 15.3 h,P =0.001）.However,the SGC group performed worse for daily insulin requirement （59.8 ＆#177; 39.3 vs.28.4 ＆#177; 36.7 U,P =0.001）and sampling interval （2.0 ＆#177; 0.5 vs.3.7 ＆#177; 0.5 h,P 〈 0.001） than the routine management group *** linear regression showed that the intervention group remained a significant individual predictor （P 〈 0.001） of the percentage time in target ***：The SGC system,with a BG target of 5.8-8.9 mmol/L,resulted in effective and reliable glycemic control with few hypoglycemic episodes in critically ill patients with mechanical ventilation and ***,the workload was *** Registration：http：//***

关键词： Critical Illness: Glucose Control in Intensive Care hyperglycemia Space Glucose Control Enhanced Model Predictive Control

Bioactive Components of Chinese Herbal Medicines in the Treatment of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders:Evidence and Potential Mechanisms

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Engineering 2023年第10期29卷 73-82页

作者： Ying Zhang Jiaming Ju Lei Jiao Baofeng Yang Department of Pharmacology&State–Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China&Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research Ministry of EducationCollege of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081China Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Melbourne School of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of MedicineDentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3010Australia Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesHarbin 150081China

Disturbed cholesterol and glucose homeostasis play crucial roles in the development of various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases,cerebrovascular diseases,central nervous system diseases,and *** increasing number of studies have shown that excessive body fat accumulation is associated with type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance in a vicious *** vicious cycle promotes the occurrence and development of the aforementioned ***,stabilizing the blood lipids and blood glucose of patients is the predominant strategy for improving the symptoms of patients with cardiovascular,cerebrovascular,and central nervous system *** Chinese medicine,mainly Chinese herbal medicine(CHM),has a history of more than 2000 years in China,which has established a unique theory and accumulated a great wealth of clinical ***,CHM has been widely used in China and other countries for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,with the advantages of preventing and curing hyperlipidemia,diabetes,hypertension,and other ***,the use of CHM in Western countries remains rather limited,partly because of the incomplete understanding of multiple complex components and uncertain pharmacological ***,we review and discuss the benefits,molecular mechanisms,and clinical research progress of bioactive components of CHM and their preparations as therapeutics for hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia.

关键词： Chinese herbal medicines Hyperlipidemia hyperglycemia Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases

Prognostic Impact of Fasting Plasma Glucose on Mortality and Re-Hospitalization in Patients with Acute Heart Failure

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Chinese Medical Journal 2018年第17期131卷 2032-2040页

作者： Yu-Yang Chen Yuan Chen Shu-Min Liang Zi-Zhuo Su Xiao-Rong Shu Hai-Feng Zhang Siu-Hin Wan Jing-Feng Wang Shuang-Lun Xie Department of Cardiology Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Guangzhou Guangdong 510120 China Department of Cardiology Hainan Provincial People's Hospital Haikou Hainan 570311 China Department of Cardiology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota 55905 USA

Background： The impact of fasting plasma glucose （FPG） on survival outcomes in patients with acute heart failure （HF） is unclear, and the relationship between intensity of glycemic control of FPG in diabetes mellitus （DM） patients and HF prognosis remains uncertain. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of FPG in patients with acute HF. Methods： A total of 624 patients hospitalized with acute HF from October 2000 to April 2014 were enrolled in this study. All patients were stratified by three groups according to their admission FPG levels （i.e., DM, impaired fasting glucose [IFG], and non-DM）. All-cause and cardiovascular mortality was the primary end point, and HF re-hospitalization was the secondary end point during follow-up period. Results： A total of 587 patients were included in final analysis. The all-cause mortality rates of patients with DM, IFG, and non-DM were 55.5%, 40.3%, and 39.2%, with significant difference （P = 0.001 ）. Moreover, compared with those with IFG （34.3%） and non-DM （32.6%）, patients with DM had significantly higher rate of cardiovascular mortality （45.1%）. Multiple Cox regression analysis showed that DM as well as IFG was related to all-cause mortality （DM： hazard ratio [HR] = 1.936, P 〈 0.001; IFG： FIR = 1.672, P = 0.019） and cardiovascular mortality （DM： HR = 1.739, P 〈 0.001; IFG： HR = 1.817, P = 0.013）. However, they were both unrelated to HF re-hospitalization. DM patients with strictly controlled blood glucose （FPG 〈3.9 mmol/L） had higher all-cause mortality than patients with non-DM, IFG, and DM patients with moderately controlled glucose （3.9 mmol/L_〈 FPG 〈7.0 mmol/L）. Likewise, both the primary end point and secondary end point were found to be worse in DM patients with poorly controlled blood glucose （FPG ≥7.0 mmol/L）. Conclusions： IFG and DM were associated with higher all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in patients with acute HF. The association between mortality and admission FPG in DM

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus Heart Failure hyperglycemia Prognosis

Upper gastrointestinal sensory-motor dysfunction in diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第18期12卷 2846-2857页

作者： Jingbo Zhao Jens Brφndum Frφkjaer Asbjφrn Mohr Drewes Niels Ejskjaer Center of Excellence in Visceral Biomechanics and Pain Aalborg Hospital Sφndre Skovvej 15 DK-9000 Aalborg Denmark & Center for Sensory-Motor Interactions Department of Health Science Aalborg University Fredrik Bajers Vej 7 D-3 DK-9220 Aalborg Denmark Department of Medicine M (Diabetes & Endocrinology) Aarhus University Hospital Norrebrogade 44 DK 8000 Aarhus C Denmark

Gastrointestinal （GI） sensory-motor abnormalities are common in patients with diabetes mellitus and may involve any part of the GI tract. Abnormalities are frequently sub-clinical, and fortunately only rarely do severe and life-threatening problems occur. The pathogenesis of abnormal upper GI sensory-motor function in diabetes is incompletely understood and is most likely multi-factorial of origin. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy as well as acute suboptimal control of diabetes has been shown to impair GI motor and sensory function. Morphological and biomechanical remodeling of the GI wall develops during the duration of diabetes, and may contribute to motor and sensory dysfunction. In this review sensory and motility disorders of the upper GI tract in diabetes is discussed; and the morphological changes and biomechanical remodeling related to the sensory-motor dysfunction is also addressed.

关键词： Diabetes Esophagus Stomach Intestine Motility Pain Diabetic neuropathy hyperglycemia Remodeling

Upper gastrointestinal function and glycemic control in diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第35期12卷 5611-5621页

作者： Reawika Chaikomin Christopher K Rayner Karen L Jones Michael Horowitz University of Adelaide Department of Medi-cine Royal Adelaide Hospital North Terrace Adelaide South Australia 5000 Australia

Recent evidence has highlighted the impact of glycemic control on the incidence and progression of diabetic micro- and macrovascular complications, and on cardiovascular risk in the non-diabetic population. Postprandial blood glucose concentrations make a major contribution to overall glycemic control, and are determined in part by upper gastrointestinal function. Conversely, poor glycemic control has an acute, reversible effect on gastrointestinal motility. Insights into the mechanisms by which the gut contributes to glycemia have given rise to a number of novel dietary and pharmacological strategies designed to lower postprandial blood glucose concentrations.

关键词： Blood glucose Diabetes mellitus Gastric Emptying Gastrointestinal motility hyperglycemia