Wafer-level mass production of photonic integrated circuits(PIC)has become a technological mainstay in the field of optics and photonics,enabling many novel and disrupting a wide range of existing ***,scalable photoni...
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Wafer-level mass production of photonic integrated circuits(PIC)has become a technological mainstay in the field of optics and photonics,enabling many novel and disrupting a wide range of existing ***,scalable photonic packaging and system assembly still represents a major challenge that often hinders commercial adoption of PIC-based ***,chip-to-chip and fiber-to-chip connections often rely on so-called active alignment techniques,where the coupling efficiency is continuously measured and optimized during the assembly *** unavoidably leads to technically complex assembly processes and high cost,thereby eliminating most of the inherent scalability advantages of PIC-based *** this paper,we demonstrate that 3D-printed facet-attached microlenses(FaML)can overcome this problem by opening an attractive path towards highly scalable photonic system assembly,relying entirely on passive assembly techniques based on industry-standard machine vision and/or simple mechanical *** can be printed with high precision to the facets of optical components using multi-photon lithography,thereby offering the possibility to shape the emitted beams by freely designed refractive or reflective ***,the emitted beams can be collimated to a comparatively large diameter that is independent of the device-specific mode fields,thereby relaxing both axial and lateral alignment ***,the FaML concept allows to insert discrete optical elements such as optical isolators into the free-space beam paths between PIC *** show the viability and the versatility of the scheme in a series of selected experiments of high technical relevance,comprising pluggable fiber-chip interfaces,the combination of PIC with discrete micro-optical elements such as polarization beam splitters,as well as coupling with ultra-low back-reflection based on non-planar beam paths that only comprise tilted optical *** on our re
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