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Model-Based Systems Engineering Approach to Design a human settlement to Better Serve Displaced People

Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第4期14卷 865-880页

作者： Anicet Adjahossou Department of Systems Engineering Colorado State University Fort Collins USA

The challenge of transitioning from temporary humanitarian settlements to more sustainable human settlements is due to a significant increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over recent decades, difficulties in providing social services that meet the required standards, and the prolongation of emergencies. Despite this challenging context, short-term considerations continue to guide their planning and management rather than more integrated, longer-term perspectives, thus preventing viable, sustainable development. Over the years, the design of humanitarian settlements has not been adapted to local contexts and perspectives, nor to the dynamics of urbanization and population growth and data. In addition, the current approach to temporary settlement harms the environment and can strain limited resources. Inefficient land use and ad hoc development models have compounded difficulties and generated new challenges. As a result, living conditions in settlements have deteriorated over the last few decades and continue to pose new challenges. The stakes are such that major shortcomings have emerged along the way, leading to disruption, budget overruns in a context marked by a steady decline in funding. However, some attempts have been made to shift towards more sustainable approaches, but these have mainly focused on vague, sector-oriented themes, failing to consider systematic and integration views. This study is a contribution in addressing these shortcomings by designing a model-driving solution, emphasizing an integrated system conceptualized as a system of systems. This paper proposes a new methodology for designing an integrated and sustainable human settlement model, based on Model-Based Systems Engineering and a Systems Modeling Language to provide valuable insights toward sustainable solutions for displaced populations aligning with the United Nations 2030 agenda for sustainable development.

关键词： humanitarian settlement human settlement Sustainability Systems Engineering Model-Based Systems Engineering Systems Modeling Language

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human settlement and changes in the distribution of river systems in the Minqin Basin over the past 2000 years in Northwest China

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2017年第11期3卷 2-13页

作者： Yaowen Xie Qiang Bie Chansheng He School of Earth and Environmental Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina The Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems Ministry of Education(MOE)LanzhouChina Center for Dryland Water Resources Research and Watershed Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina

Introduction:Arid area is an important base for human settlement,however,long and drastic human activities have altered the drainage patterns in the arid watersheds significantly,causing serious ecological *** study,through a case study of the Minqin Basin,a microcosm of the artificial oases in the arid northwest China,used the multitypes of data to recover the spatial distribution of human settlement and drainage patterns during historical period and analyze the relationship between them over the past 2000 ***:Before the Han Dynasty(121 BC),the utilization of water resources in the Minqin Basin was in the primitive stage and the drainage pattern maintained the natural *** the Han(121 BC-220)to the Wei-Jin Dynasties(220-316),the utilization of water resources intensified unprecedentedly,but the natural shape of the river systems was still *** the following 1,000 years or so,the drainage pattern was in the state of“following its own course”due to the small human *** the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644),with the alteration of the main rivers,the water resource utilization increased obviously,but the human reclamations were mainly confined to the southern part of the *** the Qing Dynasty(1644-1911),the reclamation of the Liulin Lake area significantly changed the drainage patterns,resulted in the drastically northward expansion of human *** the foundation of the People’s Republic of China(PRC)in 1949,the artificial water system completely replaced the natural water system and intensified the ecological problems in the ***:The changes over the past 2000 years show the drastic impacts of human activities on the alterations of the drainage patterns and related ecological problems in the arid Northwest ***:Rehabilitation of such ecological impairments requires both ecological restoration projects and changes in human paradigm and behavior over multiple temporal and spatial scales.

关键词： Minqin Basin Chinese Dynasties human settlement utilization of water resources drainage pattern

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Issues and policies on China's sustainable human settlement

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 1998年第1期8卷 25-32页

作者： Liu YiInstitute of Geography, CAS, Beijing 100101, CHINA

It is one of the major tasks to achieve sustainable human settlement for China's socioeconomic development within the coming century The sustainable development of human settlements is closely related to the development of the economy, the utilization of natural resources and environmental protection As a developing country China is facing a series of issues to achieve the sustainable human settlement, which should be rationally laid out with comprehensive facilities convenient for working and living, and which have clean, quiet and comfortable environments The policy of reform and opening to the outside world have accelerated national social and economic development and promoted urban development in China The rural population is continuously flowing into the cities and towns in increasing numbers Therefore, it is necessary not only to continue to improve the housing standards for the current urban population, but also to meet the needs of the newcomers The movement of great numbers of people and the increased circulation off goods and materials, combined with an increase in the number of motor vehicles, has meant that traffic problems are becoming a major issue in the development of human settlements The infrastructure is under pressures from the growth in urban population and from rising production and living standards The shortage of natural resources is another challenge to be faced in developing human settlements in China A low technological level and the improper use of resources has aggravated the severity of the problem In cities, the amount of land currently being used for industrial purposes is relatively high as compared with other land uses Approximately 70 percent of industries are located in the cities and in many areas, factories and housing are intermixed, a major factor affecting the environment of urban residential areas The taking up of arable land by the village and township enterprises is another serious problem settlements in town

关键词： human settlement urbanization sustainable development housing China

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Characteristics and Protection Approaches of human settlement in Ancient Villages of Jiangxi: A Case Study of Ancient Dongyuan Zengs' Village

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Journal of Landscape Research 2015年第3期7卷 45-48页

作者： CHENG Mingxiang CHEN Xiaogang HUANG Yuxi College of City Construction Jiangxi Normal University School of Architecture and Design Beijing Jiaotong University

Ancient village as a precious historical and cultural heritage of China is hailed as the "eco-museum" of classical folk cultures and "living fossil" of rural history culture. This paper elaborated human settlement characteristics of ancient Dongyuan Zengs' Village, Jinxi County from the perspectives of village environment, history evolution, village layout and village building, and explored the substantial content of village human settlement protection, and proposed specifi c approaches of protecting the human settlement, such as ancient village layout, history and culture, and provided references for protecting human settlement of the ancient villages.

关键词： Ancient village human settlement Protection approach Dongyuan Zengs’ Village

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长沙市弹性人居环境质量发展模拟仿真研究

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第8期32卷 1513-1529页

作者：汤礼莎龙花楼 School of Business Hunan First Normal UniversityChangsha 410205China School of Public Administration Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CASBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Using the system dynamics simulation software Vensim PLE, we built a model to simulate the development of resilient human settlement in Changsha. This model includes five subsystems: living, economy, society, ecology and engineering. The model simulates various scenarios, based on different parameter settings to predict the trend of human settlement from 2019–2040 in Changsha. It puts forward four development programs under different simulation scenarios. The results show that the current system of human settling lacks self-regulation and feedback, where simple increases in the economy and urbanization cannot drive the internal system to progress positively. In contrast, the resilient human settlement program is more reasonable and scientific, up to the year 2040, the production, living and ecological environment of residents will be markedly improved in terms of per capita disposable income, per capita floor space and medical insurance coverage;these will increase by 98.9%, 39.7%, and 170.7%, respectively. This system of developing resilient human settlement provides feedback according to the internal relation loops and thus drives itself to adjust and recover, achieving harmonious and sustainable development. In the forthcoming development, we should take the initiative to optimize economic development and upgrade industrial structures, establish emergency plans and response mechanisms to enhance human quality of life.

关键词： human settlement resilience system dynamics simulation sustainable development

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老年人居环境研究进展

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China City Planning Review 2023年第2期32卷 19-30页

作者：谢波王鲁豫 Guo Shiyi Liu Jinxin(Translated) Liu Jiayan(Proofread) School of Urban Design Research Center of Human Settlements Environment Engineering TechnologyWuhan UniversityWuhanP.R.China School of Urban Design Wuhan UniversityWuhanP.R.China 不详

China’s rapidly aging population has raised a number of challenges,such as the accelerating suburbanization,socio-spatial segregation,inconvenient travel of older adults,as well as the deficiency of community senior care,which makes it vital to build a theoretical framework on human settlement for older *** study aims to analyze the previous studies and research trends on human settlement for older adults from several aspects,including the spatial distribution,spatial development pattern of human settlement,social space and travel behavior characteristics,living environment,and the relationship between their health status and built *** the guidance of global programs such as“active aging”and“age-friendly cities,”research on human settlement for older adults tends to be multi-disciplinary,integrating the traditional perspective of physical space with logical analysis,obtaining a comprehensive consideration of social,economic,cultural,behavioral,and other socio-spatial perspectives,and forming a relatively complete theory and practice *** the core problems and challenges in the development of human settlement for older adults in China,research needs to be problem-oriented,and devoted to exploring the theoretical framework and practical strategies suitable for our ***,from the“top-down”perspective,it is recommended to strengthen the strategic guidance,explore patterns of urban senior care by combining market force and government regulation,and optimize urban spatial development patterns and transportation systems for an aging *** the“bottom-up”perspective,it is necessary to take into account the“equity and efficiency”of urban spatial resource allocation,and explore the theoretical and methodological system for community planning,service facilities,and public space allocation to meet the socio-spatial needs of older adults.

关键词： older adults human settlement research status and trends

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Collineation measurement: A method for constructing the imperial citadel of Thang Long in harmony with nature

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第6期11卷 1062-1076页

作者： Theanh Dinh Xiaogeng Ren School of Architecture Southeast UniversityNanjingChina VNU School of Interdisciplinary Studies Vietnam National UniversityHanoiVietnam Institute of Imperial Citadel Studies of the Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences HanoiVietnam

The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is a crucial case in ancient Vietnam’s planning and design *** historical materials indicate that the orientation of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long has a dialectical unity relationship with the surroundingmountains,current research is only speculative generalization and lacks empirical *** on existing findings,this paper identifies the collineation measurement as a generalmethod in the Sinosphere countries for determining spatial *** a mixed-method of historical archives,fieldwork and simulation model,this paper summarizeshistorical cluesandthreedesignperspectives related to spatial orientation by statistical ***,it analyzes the logic and application of collineation measurement in constructing the Imperial Citadel of Thang *** results show that Vietnamese designers used Tàn Viên Mountain as a component of Thang Long city by collineating the twomountain peaks to the west.Tàn Viên Mountain and the highlands extending eastward fromit are used as the key to establishing the position of the Imperial Citadel,setting the spatial structure of human settlements,and the development of city *** location,layout,and formof important buildings in the Imperial Citadel are also closely related to the surrounding landscape within 50 km.

关键词： human settlement Collineation measurement Shan-shui structure Vietnamese ancient capitals The imperial citadel of Thang long

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n overview of climate change impacts on the society in China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2021年第2期12卷 210-223页

作者： DING Yong-Jian LI Chen-Yu Xiaoming WANG WANG Yan WANG Sheng-Xia CHANG Ya-Ping QIN Jia WANG Shao-Ping ZHAO Qiu-Dong WANG Zeng-Ru State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Editorial Board of Journal of Anhui Agricultural University Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei230036ChinaeKey Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid RegionNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China

Society could sustain the impact of climate change by adapting to the change and mitigating risks from adverse effects of increasing changes,so that it can continue maintaining its prospect and improving ***,climate change is more or less affecting society'sfunctions at different scales,including both individuals and *** this review,we discuss the relationship between society and climatechange in China from the aspects of the needs at different socioeconomic developing *** relationship as well as the current spatialpattern and future risks of the climate change impacts on societies are *** complexity of social and climatic systems leads to thespatial heterogeneity of climate impacts and risks in *** more effectively leverage increasing knowledge about the past,we advocategreater cross-disciplinary collaboration between climate adaption,poverty alleviation and Nature-based Solutions(Nbs).That could providedecision makers with more comprehensive train of thoughts for climate policy making.

关键词： Climate change Public health human settlement Livelihood Industries Infrastructure Spatial pattern Policy

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To move or stay?A cellular automata model to predict urban growth in coastal regions amidst rising sea levels

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2021年第9期14卷 1213-1235页

作者： Siqin Wang Yan Liu Yongjiu Feng Zhenkun Lei School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaAustralia Spatio-Temporal Analytics Research Laboratory(STAR Lab) The University of QueenslandSt LuciaAustralia College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics Tongji UniversityShanghaiPeople’s Republic of China College of Marine Sciences Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghaiPeople’s Republic of China

Low-lying coastal cities are widely acknowledged as the most densely populated places of urban settlement;they are also more vulnerable to risks resulting from intensive land use and land cover change,human activities,global climate change,and the rising sea *** study aims to predict how urban growth is affected by sea level rise(SLR)in the Australian *** develop an urban cellular automata model incorporating urban planning policies as potential drivers or constraints of urban growth under different SLR scenarios and adaption *** on data capturing the socioeconomic and environmental factors in South East Queensland,Australia,our model is positioned to address one core research question:how does SLR affect future urban growth and human resettlement?Results show that urban growth in coastal regions varies depending on the extent to which the sea level rises and is affected by a combination of factors relating to urban planning and human adaptation *** study demonstrates the complexity of urban growth in coastal regions and the nuanced outcomes under different adaptation strategies in the context of rising sea levels.

关键词： Climate change Cellular automata Sea level rise Urban growth human settlement

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The impact of seasonality on multi-scale feature extraction techniques

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第1期13卷 9-21页

作者： Brian Moore Jacob J.McKee Geographic Information Science and Technology Group Computational Sciences and Engineering DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA

A key component in constructing a broad-scale,gridded population dataset is fine resolution geospatial data accurately depicting the extent of human *** datasets are often developed using a wide range of methods and classification techniques,including the use of spatial features,spectral features,or the coupling of both to identify the presence of man-made structures from high-resolution satellite *** using spatial and textural-based descriptors to generate highresolution settlement layers for two dissimilar regions at the peak of seasonal disparity,this study attempts to quantify the influence of seasonality on the accuracy of a supervised,multi-scale,feature extraction framework for automated delineation of human *** generated by numerous models are evaluated against a reference dataset allowing for assessment of seasonal and feature differences in the context of *** or regional mapping of human settlement requires the assemblage of high-resolution satellite images with variegated acquisition characteristics(season,sun elevation,off-nadir,etc.)to produce a cloud-free composite image from which features are *** of this study suggest an emphasis on imagery criteria,in particular acquisition date,could improve classification accuracy when mapping human settlement at scale.

关键词： Remote sensing highresolution imagery image processing human settlement accuracy

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