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Quorum Sensing:An Emerging Role for Vibrio Infection and host defense

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Infectious Microbes & Diseases 2024年第2期6卷 47-55页

作者： Hao-Nan Lin Xian-Hui Huang Xin-Jun Miao Wei-Lin Hu Yong-Liang Lou Dan-Li Xie The School of Laboratory Medicine&Life Sciences Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine Ministry of Education of ChinaWenzhouChina Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology WenzhouChina Department of Emergency Wenzhou Central HospitalWenzhouZhejiangChina Department of Microbiology School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Zhuji Institute of Biomedical Research School of PharmacyWenzhou Medical UniversityZhujiChina

Quorum sensing(QS)is a mechanism that allows bacteria to regulate various physiological and biochemical functions by secreting,sensing and responding to signaling molecules called autoinducers(AIs).In Vibrio species,QS plays a crucial role in modulating different biological *** can influence the formation of biofilms,which are communities of bacteria encased in a protective *** also controls flagella formation and motility,ensuring that Vibrio *** move efficiently in response to environmental ***ally,QS in Vibrio *** the production of different virulence factors based on cell *** enables the bacteria to adjust their virulence strategies accordingly,enhancing *** also influences the interaction between Vibrio *** their ***ing infection by Vibrio spp.,QS can affect the host immune response and colonization *** the role of QS in these interactions is crucial for unraveling the complex dynamics between Vibrio *** the *** summary,research on QS in Vibrio *** revealed its significance in regulating various biological phenotypes,controlling virulence factor production and affecting host de*** provides valuable insights into the intricate mechanisms underlying microbial behavior,host adaptation and Vibrio ***.

关键词： quorum sensing Vibrio species biological phenotype bacterial virulence host defense

Biology and resource acquisition of mistletoes,and the defense responses of host plants

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 332-344页

作者： Meseret Muche A.Muthama Muasya Berhanu Abraha Tsegay Department of Biology Woldia UniversityP.O.Box 400WoldiaEthiopia Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape TownRonde-bosch 7700South Africa Department of Biology Bahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 79Bahir DarEthiopia

Background:Mistletoes are the most successful group of obligatory hemi-parasitic flowering plants that attach to the host via haustorium for obtaining water and *** review aims to assess the current knowledge on mistle-toes host plant recognition,haustorium formation,water/minerals acquisition,and host plants’defense signaling and responses against mistletoe ***:Some mistletoes are host-specific while others are generalists occurring on a wide range of vascular *** host nitrogen(N)content,parasite–host chemical interactions,compatibility,and dispersal agents are the main determinant factors for host *** take up substantial amounts of water and minerals passively via apoplastic routes,and most are xylem feeders,but could shift to phloem-feeding during the physiological stress of the host *** evidence highlighted that cell wall loosening and modification are critical during the development of the haustorium in the host *** is made possible by the application of physical pressures by the developing haustorium and cell wall degradation using enzymes(xyloglucan endotransglycosylases,glucanase,expansins,etc.)produced by the *** plants defend against mistletoe infection mechanically by producing spines,lignin,suberin,etc.,which discourages dispersers,and chemically defend by killing the infector or inhibiting the establishment of the haustorium using their secondary metabolites such as terpenes,phenolics,and N-containing *** the host plants’response to mistletoe attack resembles the response to other biotic stresses,unlike short-term stressors,the effect of mistletoe attack is long-term and depends on the parasite *** by mistletoe leads to water and nutrient stress of the host plant and deteriorates its healthy establishment and ***:Mistletoes are heterogeneous group in the order Santalales which have versatile mechanisms for pollination,seed dispersal and

关键词： Biotic stress Haustorium host defense Mistletoes Mimicry Resource procurement

Bidirectional regulation of the brain-gut-microbiota axis following traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2153-2168页

作者： Xinyu You Lin Niu Jiafeng Fu Shining Ge Jiangwei Shi Yanjun Zhang Pengwei Zhuang National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine TianjinChina National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion TianjinChina

Traumatic brain injury is a prevalent disorder of the central nervous *** addition to primary brain parenchymal damage,the enduring biological consequences of traumatic brain injury pose long-term risks for patients with traumatic brain injury;however,the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear,and effective intervention methods are *** dysfunction is a significant consequence of traumatic brain *** the most densely innervated peripheral tissue in the body,the gut possesses multiple pathways for the establishment of a bidirectional“brain-gut axis”with the central nervous *** gut harbors a vast microbial community,and alterations of the gut niche contribute to the progression of traumatic brain injury and its unfavorable prognosis through neuronal,hormonal,and immune pathways.A comprehensive understanding of microbiota-mediated peripheral neuroimmunomodulation mechanisms is needed to enhance treatment strategies for traumatic brain injury and its associated *** comprehensively reviewed alterations in the gut microecological environment following traumatic brain injury,with a specific focus on the complex biological processes of peripheral nerves,immunity,and microbes triggered by traumatic brain injury,encompassing autonomic dysfunction,neuroendocrine disturbances,peripheral immunosuppression,increased intestinal barrier permeability,compromised responses of sensory nerves to microorganisms,and potential effector nuclei in the central nervous system influenced by gut ***,we reviewed the mechanisms underlying secondary biological injury and the dynamic pathological responses that occur following injury to enhance our current understanding of how peripheral pathways impact the outcome of patients with traumatic brain *** review aimed to propose a conceptual model for future risk assessment of central nervous system-related diseases while elucidating novel insights into the bidirectional effec

关键词： traumatic brain injury brain-gut-microbiome axis gut microbiota neuroimmune immunosuppression host defense vagal afferents bacterial infection dorsal root ganglia nociception neural circuitry

Gut microbiota metabolite regulation of host defenses at mucosal surfaces:implication in precision medicine

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2019年第2期2卷 110-119页

作者： Anthony J.Bilotta Yingzi Cong Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555USA Department of Pathology University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555USA

The gut microbiota has a well-established role in the regulation of host *** factors control the composition and function of the *** westernization of diet,a shift away from nutrient-dense foods toward diets high in saturated fats,has been implicated in the rise of chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Diet is critical in the development and maintenance of a healthy microbiome,where dietary fiber(found in the highest amounts in fruits,vegetables,and legumes)is metabolized by the *** turn,the bacterial metabolites of dietary fiber,short chain fatty acids(SCFAs),regulate gut *** engage G-protein coupled receptors(GPRs)and act as histone deacetylase inhibitors(HDACi)to module epithelial and immune cell functions in the intestines,where they generally promote an anti-inflammatory *** review highlights the functions of SCFAs and their roles in the pathogenesis of IBD to provide insights into their potential therapeutic application for the treatment of IBD for the purposes of precision medicine.

关键词： microbiota metabolite host defense short chain fatty acids

The role of cellular and molecular neuroimmune crosstalk in gut immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第11期20卷 1259-1269页

作者： Daping Yang Nicole Almanzar Isaac M.Chiu Department of Immunology Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA

The gastrointestinal tract is densely innervated by the peripheral nervous system and populated by the immune *** two systems critically coordinate the sensations of and adaptations to dietary,microbial,and damaging stimuli from the external and internal microenvironment during tissue homeostasis and *** brain receives and integrates ascending sensory signals from the gut and transduces descending signals back to the gut via autonomic *** regulate intestinal immune responses through the action of local axon reflexes or through neuronal circuits via the gut-brain *** neuroimmune crosstalk is critical for gut homeostatic maintenance and disease *** this review,we discuss the roles of distinct types of gut-innervating neurons in the modulation of intestinal mucosal *** will focus on the molecular mechanisms governing how different immune cells respond to neural signals in host defense and *** also discuss the therapeutic potential of strategies targeting neuroimmune crosstalk for intestinal diseases.

关键词： Neuroimmunology Neuroimmune host defense Gut Sensory

New insights in the battle between wheat and Puccinia striiformis

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2015年第2期2卷 101-114页

作者： Chunlei TANG Xiaojie WANG Yulin CHENG Minjie LIU Mengxin ZHAO Jinping WEI Zhensheng KANG State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

Wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis ***(Pst)poses a great threat to wheat production *** rapid change in virulence of Pst leads to a loss of resistance in currently resistant wheat cultivars,which results in frequent disease ***,a major focus is currently placed on investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying this rapid variation of pathogenicity and coevolving wheat *** by the lack of a system for stable transformation of Pst and the difficulties in wheat transformation,it is not easy to generate deeper insights into the wheat-Pst interaction using established genetic ***,considerable effort has been made to unravel the wheat-Pst interaction and significant progress is being *** and cytology have revealed basic details of infection strategies and defense responses during wheat-Pst interactions,identified cellular components involved in wheat-Pst interactions,and have helped to elucidate their role in the infection process or in plant defense *** and genome sequencing has revealed the molecular features and dynamics of the wheat-Pst *** molecular analyses have led to the identification of major components in the wheat resistance response and in Pst *** of wheat-Pst interactions have now entered a new phase in which cellular and molecular approaches are being *** review focuses on the cellular biology of wheat-Pst interactions and integrates the emerging data from molecular analyses with the histocytological observations.

关键词： wheat strip rust Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici host defense pathogen virulence biotrophic fungus

Azithromycin Exerts Bactericidal Activity and Enhances Innate Immune Mediated Killing of MDR Achromobacter xylosoxidans

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Infectious Microbes & Diseases 2020年第1期2卷 10-17页

作者： Erlinda R.Ulloa Armin Kousha Hannah Tsunemoto Joe Pogliano Carmelo Licitra John J.LiPuma George Sakoulas Victor Nizet Monika Kumaraswamy Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes(CHARM) University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Department of Pediatrics University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Division of Infectious Disease Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine Norwegian University of Life SciencesOsloNorway Division of Biological Sciences University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Infectious Diseases Orlando Health Medical GroupOrlandoFL 32806USA Department of Pediatrics University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Infectious Diseas Section VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoCA 92161USA Department of Medicine University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA.

Azithromycin(AZM),the most commonly prescribed antibiotic in the United States,is thought to have no activity against multidrugresistant Gram-negative pathogens such as Achromobacter xylosoxidans(AX)per standard minimum inhibitory concentration testing in cation-adjusted Mueller Hinton *** we provide the first report of AZM bactericidal activity against carbapenemresistant isolates of AX,with a multifold decrease in minimum inhibitory concentration across 12 clinical isolates when examined under physiologic testing conditions that better recapitulate the in vivo human *** pharmaceutical activity,evident in eukaryotic tissue culture media,is associated with enhanced AZM intracellular penetration and synergistic killing with human whole blood,serum,and ***,AZM monotherapy inhibited preformed AX biofilm growth in a dose-dependent manner together with a reduction in viable *** an illustrative case,AZM in combination with piperacillin-tazobactam exerted clear therapeutic effects in a patient with carbapenem-resistant AX mediastinitis,sternal osteomyelitis,and aortic graft *** study reinforces how current antimicrobial testing practices fail to recapitulate the host environment or host-pathogen interactions and may misleadingly declare complete resistance to useful agents,adversely affecting patient *** conclude that AZM merits further exploration in the treatment of drug-resistant AX *** approaches to antimicrobial susceptibility testing that better recapitulate the host environment should be considered,especially as infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial pathogens are expanding globally with high morbidity and mortality.

关键词： Achromobacter xylosoxidans antimicrobial susceptibility testing azithromycin treatment host defense multidrug resistance

Human ribonuclease 9,a member of ribonuclease A superfamily,specifically expressed in epididymis,is a novel sperm-binding protein

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2009年第2期11卷 240-251页

作者： Gui-Zhi Cheng Jian-Yuan Li Fang Li Hai-Yan Wang Guang-Xia Shi Department of Immunology Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116044China Research Center Yuhuangding HospitalYantai 264000China

To explore the functions of human ribonuclease 9(RNase 9),we constructed a mammalian fusion expression vector pcDNA-hRNase9,prepared recombinant human RNase 9-His fusion protein from HEK293T cells and determined its N-terminal amino acid *** to the determined mature protein,recombinant human RNase 9 was prepared in *** activity and antibacterial activity of recombinant human RNase 9 were detected,and the distribution of human RNase 9 on tissues and ejaculated spermatozoa and in vitro capacitated spermatozoa were analyzed via indirect immunofluorescence *** results showed that recombinant human RNase 9 did not exhibit detectable ribonucleolytic activity against yeast tRNA,but exhibited antibacterial activity,in a concentration/time dependent manner,against *** analyses showed that the predicted human RNase 9 was present throughout the epididymis,but not present in other tissues examined,and human RNase 9 was also present on the entire head and neck regions of human ejaculated spermatozoa and in vitro capacitated *** results suggest that human RNase 9 may play roles in host defense of male reproductive tract.

关键词： ribonuclease A superfamily epididymis epididymal secretory proteins spermatozoa sperm maturation male reproductive tract host defense

S-nitrosylation/Denitrosylation and Apoptosis of Immune Cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2007年第5期4卷 353-358页

作者： Shaojin Duan Chang Chen Guang An Men Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 10053 China National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Nitric oxide （NO） as an immunoregulatory molecule, predominantly depending on S-nitrosylation, acts as a versatile player that executes its regulation and signal transduction for exerting its multi-functions and pleiotropy. Apoptosis of immune cells is an intricate process coupled with positive/negative selection depending on integrated diverse endogenous and exogenous signals and functions to sustain homeostasis in the immune system. Here, the dual roles of NO depending on its concentration in apoptosis are reviewed, breeding up a switch mode in the apoptotic process. Following comments of different switches from apoptosis-death, a new finding of checkpoint （early fluorescence point） of GSNO-initiated thymocyte apoptosis and NOS-GSNOR double control are highlighted. Moreover, S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation, being as a redox switch, logically approaches to networks of metabolism itself and further accesses the neuroendicrine-immune-free radical network as a whole. Moreover, the host defense mediated by NO on pathogens, via protein S-nitrosylation are also discussed.

关键词： immune cell nitric oxide apoptosis S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation switch host defense