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Interactions and Effects on Cysteine Synthase Activity of Aminooxyacetate and Boc-Aminooxyacetate on the Bioherbicides <i>Colletotrichum truncatum</i>and <i>Alternaria cassia</i>and Their Weed Hosts

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2021年第5期12卷 759-770页

作者： Robert E. Hoagland Kangetsu Hirase C. Douglas Boyette Crop Production Systems Research Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville USA Functional Chemicals Laboratory Mitsui Chemicals Chiba Japan Biological Control of Pests Research Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville USA

Aminooxyacetate (AOA) is a pyridoxal phosphate antagonist that inhibits various plant enzymes (including transaminases) which require pyridoxal phosphate as a cofactor and it exhibits phytotoxic and herbicidal properties. We examined AOA and its analog, N-t-butoxycarbonyl-AOA (Boc-AOA) for phytotoxicity, interactions with weed pathogens (bioherbicides), and effects on an important pyridoxal requiring enzyme, cysteine synthase (CS, E.C. 4.***.99.8). Studies were performed on two weeds, i.e., hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rybd. Ex A.W. Hill] and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia), and two pathogens, (Colletotrichum truncatum and Alternaria cassiae), that are bioherbicidal agents against hemp sesbania and sicklepod, respectively. Pathogenicity tests, and assays for extractable, and in vitro CS activities were utilized. Phytotoxicity bioassays indicated that the bulky t-butoxycarbonyl moiety substitution on the AOA molecule did not substantially hinder expression of biological activity of Boc-AOA in these tests. Generally, spray application of the compounds to young dark-grown seedlings caused little growth effects, but root-feeding of the chemicals reduced growth

关键词： Aminooxyacetate Bioherbicide Cysteine Synthase Pyridoxal Phosphate Antagonist Sicklepod Senna obtusifolia hemp sesbania sesbania exaltata Transaminase

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Bioherbicidal Efficacy of a Myrothecium verrucaria-Sector on Several Plant Species

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第16期7卷 2376-2389页

作者： Robert E. Hoagland Clyde D. Boyette Kenneth C. Stetina Robin H. Jordan United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Crop Production Systems Research Unit Stoneville MS USA United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Biological Control of Pests Research Unit Stoneville MS USA

Comparative studies were conducted on mycelial preparations of the bioherbicide, Myrothecium verrucaria (MV) strain IMI 361690 and a recently discovered sector (MV-Sector BSH) of this fungus. The whitish sector was discovered, isolated, grown in pure culture on PDA and found to be a stable, non-spore producing mutant when cultured over several months under conditions that cause circadian sporulation during growth of its MV parent. Application of MV and MV-Sector BSH mycelial preparations to intact plants (hemp sesbania and sicklepod) and leaf discs (kudzu and glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth) showed that the sector efficacy was generally equal to, or slightly lower than MV. Bioassays of MV and this sector on seed germination and early growth of sicklepod and hemp sesbania seeds demonstrated that hemp sesbania seeds were slightly more sensitive to the fungus than sicklepod seeds and that the sector bioherbicidal activity was slightly less than that of MV. SDS-PAGE protein profiles of cellular extracts of MV and the sector and their respective culture supernatants showed several differences with respect to quantity and number of certain protein bands. Overall results showed that the isolate was a non-spore producing mutant with phytotoxicity to several weeds (including weeds tolerant or resistant to glyphosate), and that the phytotoxic effects were generally equivalent to those caused by MV treatment. Results of this first report of a non-sporulating MV mutant that suggest additional studies on protein analysis, and an extended weed host range under greenhouse and field conditions are needed in order to further evaluate its possible bioherbicidal potential.

关键词： Bioherbicide Glyphosate-Resistance Palmer Amaranth Kudzu hemp sesbania Sicklepod Myrothecium verrucaria Fungal Sector

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