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Heavy metals in maternal and cord blood in Beijing and their efficiency of placental transfer

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第6期31卷 99-106页

作者： Aijing Li Taifeng Zhuang Jianbo Shi Yong Liang Maoyong Song Institute of Environment and Health Jianghan University Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Pediatrics Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Capital Medical University University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

This study aimed to determine the effect of exposure to Heavy metals in pregnant women in Beijing, China. We also evaluated the association of these Heavy metals with birth weight and length of newborns. We measured the levels of 10 Heavy metals,including lead(Pb), titanium(Ti), manganese(Mn), nickel(Ni), cadmium(Cd), chromium(Cr), antimony(Sb), stannum(Sn), vanadium(V), and arsenic(As), in 156 maternal and cord blood pairs. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method was used for measurement. Pb, As, Ti, Mn, and Sb showed high detection rates(> 50%) in both maternal and cord blood. Fourteen(9%) mothers had blood Pb levels greater than the United States Center for Disease Control allowable threshold limit for children(50 μg/L).In prenatal exposure to these Heavy metals, there was no significant association between any Heavy metal and birth weight/length. Moreover, we estimated the placental transfer efficiency of each Heavy metal, and the median placental transfer efficiency ranged from 49.6%(Ni) to 194%(Mn)(except for Cd and Sn). The level and detection rate of Cd in maternal blood were much higher than that in cord blood, which suggested that Cd had difficulty in passing the placental barrier. Prospective research should focus on the source and risk of Heavy metals in non-occupationally exposed pregnant women in Beijing.

关键词： Heavy metal Maternal blood Cord blood Newborn Placental transfer efficiency

Water incubation-induced fluctuating release of Heavy metals in two smelter-contaminated soils

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第8期31卷 14-23页

作者： Bin Yang Yunzhe Cao Jie Ren Mei Wang Huilong Luo Fasheng Li College of Water Science Beijing Normal University State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences School of Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia University

The soil moisture regime can affect the release of Heavy metals in soil. In the previous studies, slightly polluted soils or artificially contaminated soil samples were considered to investigate the effect of soil moisture. We used highly smelter-contaminated and aged soils to study the release of typical Heavy metals(Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) induced by water incubation in batch experiments with characterization via speciation and X-ray diffraction analyses(XRD). The results show that the leachable concentrations of the Heavy metals increased slightly in the first 30 days, decreased drastically between 30 and 90 days, and immobilized relatively constant thereafter. The fluctuation was ascribed to the changes of soil Eh and pH, the reductive dissolution of crystalline iron oxides, the formation of new amorphous iron oxides, the absorption of dissolved organic matter and the precipitation of metal sulfide. Speciation analysis indicated that a proportion of the soil Heavy metals was transformed from an exchangeable fraction to a less labile fraction after water incubation. And the presence of a lead iron oxide phase and the peak increasing of zinc sulfide were observed via XRD analyses. Finally, water incubation restrained the release of Heavy metals after 180 days of incubation, and reduced the leachability of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb by as much as 1.61%–7.21% for soil A and 0.43%–3.36% for soil B, respectively. The study findings have implications for the formulation of risk control and management strategies for Heavy metals in smelter-contaminated soils.

关键词： Smelter-contaminated soil Heavy metals Water incubation Release Fraction

Environmental application of three-dimensional graphene materials as adsorbents for dyes and Heavy metals: Review on ice-templating method and adsorption mechanisms

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第5期31卷 174-199页

作者： Kar Chiew Lai Lai Yee Lee Billie Yan Zhang Hiew Suchithra Thangalazhy-Gopakumar Suyin Gan Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus

The remediation of wastewater requires treatment technologies which are robust, efficient,simple to operate and affordable such as adsorption. Lately, three-dimensional(3D)graphene based materials have attracted significant attention as effective adsorbents for wastewater treatment. The intrinsic properties of 3D graphene structure such as large surface area and interconnected porous structure can facilitate the transport of pollutants into the 3D network and provide abundant active sites for trapping the pollutants. For the synthesis of 3D graphene structure, ice-templating is commonly practiced due to its facile steps, cost effectiveness and high scalability potential. This review covers the icetemplating fabrication technique for 3D graphene based materials and their application as adsorbents in eliminating dyes and Heavy metals from aqueous media. The assembly mechanisms of the ice-templating fsynthesis are comprehensively discussed. Further discussion on the fundamental principles, critical process parameters and characteristics of ice-templated 3D graphene structures is also included. A thorough review on the mechanisms for batch adsorption of dyes and Heavy metals is presented based on the structures and properties of the 3D graphene materials. The review further evaluates the dynamic adsorption in packed columns and the regeneration of 3D graphene based materials.

关键词： Ice-templating 3D graphene based structure Adsorption mechanism Dyes Heavy metals

Distribution and relationship between antimicrobial resistance genes and Heavy metals in surface sediments of Taihu Lake,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第3期31卷 323-335页

作者： Okugbe E.Ohore Felix Gyawu Addo Songhe Zhang Nini Han Kwaku Anim-Larbi Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes College of Environment Hohai University

Heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, and other wastes released into the environment can significantly influence environmental antibiotic resistance. We investigated the occurrence of 22 antimicrobial resistance genes(ARGs) and 10 Heavy metal concentrations, and the relationship between ARGs and Heavy metals in surface sediment from seven sites of Lake Taihu. The results showed significant correlations(p Heavy metals(Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Zn, among others) in the Lake. In the surface sediments, Heavy metals showed an interaction with resistance genes, but the strength of interaction was diminished with increasing depth. For most of the Heavy metals, the concentration of elements in the top sediments was higher than that in other depths.Tetracycline resistance genes(tet(A), tet(B), tet(D), tet(E) and tet(O), β-lactam resistance genes(SHV, TEM, CTX, OXA and OXY) and sulfonamide resistance genes(sulA, sul1, sul2, sul3 and int-1) were detected. They showed a trend which inferred a statistically significant increase followed by decreases in the relative abundance of these ARGs(normalized to 16 S rRNA genes) with increasing depth. This study revealed that tet(A), tet(O), TEM, OXY, int-1, sul1 and sul3 were widespread in surface sediments with high abundance, indicating that these genes deserve more attention in future work.

关键词： Antibiotic resistance genes Heavy metals Surface sediments Taihu Lake Wastewater treatment plants Pollution

Impact of municipal solid waste incineration on Heavy metals in the surrounding soils by multivariate analysis and lead isotope analysis

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第8期31卷 47-56页

作者： Yang Li Hua Zhang Liming Shao Xiaoli Zhou Pinjing He State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation Tongji University Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Centre for the Technology Research and Training on Household Waste in Small Towns & Rural Area Ministry of Housing Urban-Rural Development

Municipal solid waste(MSW) incineration has become an important anthropogenic source of Heavy metals(HMs) to the environment. However, assessing the impact of MSW incineration on HMs in the environment, especially soils, can be a challenging task because of various HM sources. To investigate the effect of MSW incineration on HMs in soils, soil samples collected at different distances from four MSW incinerators in Shanghai, China were analyzed for their contents of eight HMs(antimony, cadmium, chromium, copper,lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc) and lead(Pb) isotope ratios. Source identification and apportionment of HMs were accomplished using principal component analysis and Pb isotope analysis. Results indicated that the relatively high contents of cadmium, lead,antimony, and zinc in the soils at 250 m and 750–1250 m away from the MSW incinerators were related to MSW incineration, while the elevated contents of the other four HMs were associated with other anthropogenic activities. Based on Pb isotope analysis, the contribution ratio of MSW incineration(which had been operated for more than 14 years)to the accumulation of Pb in soil was approximately 10% on average, which was lower than coal combustion only. Incinerator emissions of Pb could have a measurable effect on the soil contamination within a limited area(≤1500 m).

关键词： Municipal solid waste incineration Soils Heavy metals Source identification Pb isotope ratios

Development of a model to simulate soil Heavy metals lateral migration quantity based on SWAT in Huanjiang watershed,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第3期31卷 115-129页

作者： Pengwei Qiao Mei Lei Sucai Yang Jun Yang Xiaoyong Zhou Nan Dong Guanghui Guo Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Key Laboratory of Remediation of Industrial Pollution Sites Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry Comprehensive Institute of Geotechnical Investigation and Surveying Ltd.

Lateral transportation of soil Heavy metals in rainfall events could significantly increase the scope of pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a model with high accuracy to simulate the migration quantity of Heavy metals. A model for Heavy metal migration simulation was developed based on the SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. This model took into consideration the influence of soil p H value, soil particle size, runoff volume, sediment amount,concentration of water-soluble Heavy metals dissolved in runoff and insoluble absorbed to the soil particles. This model was reasonable in Huanjiang watershed, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, south China, covering an area of 273 km^2. The optimal drainage area threshold was determined by analyzing the effects of watershed subdivision on the simulation results to ensure the simulation accuracy. The main conclusions of this paper were:(1) watershed subdivision could affect simulation migration quantity of Heavy metals;(2) the quantity of Heavy metals transported by sediment accounted for 97%–99% of the total migration quantity in the study watershed. Therefore, sediment played the most important role in Heavy metal migration;(3) the optimal drainage area threshold percentage to ensure high simulation accuracy was determined to be 2.01% of the total watershed;(4) with the optimal threshold percentage, this model could simulate the migration quantity of As, Pb and Cd accurately at the total watershed and subwatershed level. The results of this paper were useful for identifying the key regions with Heavy metal migration.

关键词： Soil Heavy metal migration Simulation model Watershed subdivision Optimal drainage area threshold percentage Simulation accuracy

Cumulative Risk Assessment of Exposure to Heavy Metals through Aquatic Products in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2021年第8期34卷 606-615页

作者： WANG Hui MAO Wei Feng JIANG Ding Guo LIU Si Jie ZHANG Lei NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research UnitChina National Center for Food Safety Risk AssessmentBeijing 100022China Department of Physical and Chemical Test Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionChangchun 130062JilinChina

Objective This study aimed to assess the risk of cumulative exposure to Pb,Cd,Hg,and iAs through aquatic products consumed by Chinese people.Methods Heavy metal concentration data were obtained from the national food contamination monitoring program during 2013–2017.Consumption data were derived from the China National Food Consumption Survey in 2014 and the relative potency factor(RPF)method was used to estimate cumulative exposure for neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.Results The results demonstrated that the cumulative exposure based on neurotoxicity was below the lower confidence limit on benchmark doses of lead(BMDL01)for nephrotoxicity and the cumulative exposures were all lower than the provisional tolerable monthly intake(PTMI)of Cd.However,the margin of exposure values(MOEs)of the cumulative exposures for neurotoxicity in the 2–6 year-old group was close to 1 and the cumulative exposure level for nephrotoxicity accounted for 90.21%of the PTMI.Conclusion The cumulative exposures of the 2–6 year-old group to the four Heavy metals did not reach(but came close to)the corresponding safety threshold for both neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.Given that there are still other food sources of these four Heavy metals,it is necessary to more closely study their cumulative health effects.

关键词： Arsenic Lead Cadmium Mercury Aquatic products Heavy metals

Relationship between Heavy metals and dissolved organic matter released from sediment by bioturbation/bioirrigation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第1期31卷 216-223页

作者： Yi He Bin Men Xiaofang Yang Yaxuan Li Hui Xu Dongsheng Wang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

Organic matter(OM) is an important component of sediment. Bioturbation/bioirrigation can remobilize OM and Heavy metals that were previously buried in the sediment. The remobilization of buried organic matter, thallium(Tl), cadmium(Cd), copper(Cu) and zinc(Zn) from sediment was studied in a laboratory experiment with three organisms: tubificid,chironomid larvae and loach. Results showed that bioturbation/bioirrigation promoted the release of dissolved organic matter(DOM) and dissolved Tl, Cd, Cu and Zn, but only dissolved Zn concentrations decreased with exposure time in overlying water. The presence of organisms altered the compositions of DOM released from sediment,considerably increasing the percentage of fulvic acid-like materials(FA) and humic acidlike materials(HA). In addition, bioturbation/bioirrigation accelerated the growth and reproduction of bacteria to enhance the proportion of soluble microbial byproduct-like materials(SMP). The DOM was divided into five regions in the three-dimensional excitation emission matrix(3 D-EEM), and each part had different correlation with the dissolved Heavy metal concentrations. Dissolved Cu had the best correlation with each of the DOM compositions, indicating that Cu in the sediment was in the organic-bound form.Furthermore, the organism type and Heavy metal characteristics both played a role in influencing the remobilization of Heavy metal.

关键词： Bioturb ation/bioirrigation Heavy metal Sediment DOM

Characterization of changes in extracellular polymeric substances and Heavy metal speciation of waste activated sludge during typical oxidation solubilization processes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第6期31卷 146-158页

作者： Qiongying Xu Huidi Wang Qiandi Wang Weijun Zhang Dongsheng Wang Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry China University of Geosciences School of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Systematic Water Pollution Control State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

Biopolymer solubilization is considered to be the rate-limiting stage of anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge(WAS). Oxidation processes have been proven to be effective in disrupting sludge flocs and causing solubilization of the solid biopolymers. In this study,WAS was treated by NaNO2 or H2 O2 oxidation at p H of 2. The changes in extracellular polymeric substances properties and the speciation of Heavy metals were investigated. The results revealed that both NaNO2 and H2 O2 treatments were effective in solubilizing organics in WAS, while the conversion of biopolymers in the two treatment processes was different. Free nitrous acid destroyed the gel network structure of EPS, and organic materials were released from the solid phase to the supernatant. Indigenous peroxidase catalyzed H2 O2 to produce hydroxyl radicals which caused significant solubilization of biopolymers, and the protein-like substances were further degraded into micro-molecule polypeptides or amino acids at high dosages of H2 O2. During the oxidation processes, Zn, Cd and Cu, with excellent mobility, tended to migrate to the supernatant, and thus were easy to remove through the liquid–solid separation process. Ni and As showed moderate migration ability, of which the residual fraction tended to transform into reducible and soluble fractions. With poor mobility, Cr and Pb mainly existed in the forms of residual and oxidizable fractions, which were difficult to dissolve and remove from WAS. Both NaNO2 and H2 O2 treatment resulted in the enhancement of sludge solubilization efficiency and Heavy metal mobility in WAS, but different Heavy metals showed distinct migration and transformation behaviors.

关键词： Extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) Oxidation Biopolymers solubilization Biodegradability Heavy metals