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China Population Today 1994年第3期11卷 17-19页

作者： $$$$

By 1992, there were 3187 maternal and child health (MCH) care centers and 34 children's hospitals in 87.9% of China's villages, staffed with 58,379 gynecologists, obstetricians and pediatricians; 60,000 midwives; and 460,000 country doctors and birth attendants. From 1949 to 1990, the infant mortality rate declined from about 200/1000 to 31.42/1000, and the maternal mortality rate dropped from 1500 per 100,000 women to 94.7 per 100,000 women. By 1992, deliveries attended by trained midwives constituted 84.1% nationwide, and hospital deliveries made up 52.7% nationally. The childhood immunization coverage rate is over 85%. The family planning policy was established in 1979 to promote later age at marriage, encourage delayed childbearing, and support fewer but healthier births. China advocates 1 child per couple; however, certain minority groups may have 3 or even 4 children. At the town level, family planning sub-stations were established throughout the county to disseminate information about family planning, provide technical services, distribute contraceptives, and train family planning service workers. The maternal mortality rate remains unacceptably high at 114.9 per 100,000 women in rural China. Inadequate nutrition of children is as high as 21%. In remote areas the fertility rate, infant mortality rate and maternal mortality rate remain comparatively high. In 1992 a total of 759,989 cases of STDs were reported throughout the country. By the end of 1992, testing for HIV among 1.61 million people revealed 969 HIV-positive and 12 AIDS cases. About 15 million men have accepted male sterilization in Sichuan. By 1992 a total of over 156.6 million women were using IUDs and sterilization, whereas only 31.7 million husbands used male methods such as the condom and sterilization. Extensive IEC activities are being carried out that stress the advantages of male methods. In 1992 the IUD and sterilization accounted for 90.8% of the total. By 1993, the sale of contraceptives

关键词： Antinatalist Policy Asia China Contraception Contraceptive Availability Delivery Of health Care Developing Countries Diseases Eastern Asia Family Planning Family Planning Programs health health services Infections Maternal-child health services Measurement One Child Policy Policy Population Policy Prevalence Primary health Care Reproductive Tract Infections Sexually Transmitted Diseases Social Policy

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Exploring the Perspectives of healthcare Providers on Providing HIV Prevention and Treatment services for Key Populations in Rwanda: A Qualitative Study

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World Journal of AIDS 2022年第2期12卷 120-139页

作者： Gloria Igihozo Junious Mabo Sichali Sandip Medhe Rex Wong Bill and Joyce Cummings’ Institute of Global health University of Global Health Equity Kigali Rwanda School of Public health Yale University New Haven CT USA

Background: The overall HIV prevalence and incidence in Rwanda have decreased significantly in the past decade. However, opposite trends are seen among key populations (KP). The HIV prevalence among sex workers is as high as 51% and continues to rise. While the HIV prevalence among KP remains high, their adherence to treatment is low. healthcare providers play a vital role in KP’s access and adherence to HIV treatment. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of healthcare providers on providing HIV services to key populations in Rwanda. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted with nurses, doctors, social workers, and psychologists who provide HIV services to KP in public health facilities in Rwanda. In-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. All data were analyzed thematically using Dedoose. Results: Interviews were conducted with 18 healthcare providers. Three overarching themes emerged from the interviews: healthcare providers’ intrinsic feelings affect the ways they provide HIV services to key populations, key populations face a multitude of challenges related to accessing treatment and preventing the spread of HIV, and a more comprehensive and sensitive approach should be used to improve HIV services for key populations. Conclusion: healthcare providers expressed difficulties in providing services to key populations and identified a lack of adherence to treatment and prevention guidelines, structural barriers, KP’s lack of trust in the healthcare system, and the discrimination and abuse KP face as challenges to effective HIV prevention and treatment. More comprehensive services including clinical, financial, and psychosocial support from trusted sources are needed. Some important policy changes are essential to facilitate access to HIV services for KP.

关键词： HIV/AIDS Key Populations Sex Workers Men Who Have Sex with Men health services

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运动转诊服务纳入医疗卫生优先事项的卫生经济学分析

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体育 2024年第6期

作者：刘国纯曹春梅马新东张献博王正珍

当前，运动转诊服务获得了世界卫生组织推荐，正成为全球公共卫生优先事项。中国体医融合服务尚未获得政策优先级，可能受制于卫生经济学证据不足。文章系统梳理了身体活动不足的全球疾病负担研究，得知：(1)患病率。2010-2018年中国身... 详细信息

当前，运动转诊服务获得了世界卫生组织推荐，正成为全球公共卫生优先事项。中国体医融合服务尚未获得政策优先级，可能受制于卫生经济学证据不足。文章系统梳理了身体活动不足的全球疾病负担研究，得知：(1)患病率。2010-2018年中国身体活动不足患病率上升7.93％；(2)健康负担。1990-2019年中国可归因于身体活动不足的死亡人数增长3.24倍、残疾调整寿命年增长2.64倍、健康寿命损失年增长2.89倍、寿命损失年增长2.58倍，过去近30年健康负担持续增长；(3)经济负担。2020-2030年，身体活动不足将引起4517.01万例12种常见非传染性疾病，导致医疗卫生和医疗保健总成本达到36694.53亿元；(4)宏观经济收益。2020-2050年解决身体活动不足将为中国带来的累积经济收益41473.48亿～150124.07亿元。这些数据为中国运动转诊服务纳入医疗卫生优先事项提供卫生经济学证据，但提升政策优先级还需：(1)进行独立的中国身体活动不足的疾病负担测算，为医疗卫生政策提供可靠证据；(2)将运动转诊作为中国非传染性疾病治理的优先政策；(3)建立运动转诊机制，并将运动转诊服务纳入医疗卫生服务目录。

关键词：运动转诊身体活动不足非传染性疾病负担医疗卫生服务优先事项全民健身 Exercise referrals physical inactivity NCD burden health services priorities national fitness

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The Prevention and Control Measures of COVID-19 in the People’s Hospital of Pingchang County

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Natural Science 2022年第10期14卷 421-423页

作者： Xiaofang Li Xiaoxiao Yang Yu Zhang Lin Zhang Hongmei Wang Ziyan Zhang Fangqiong Dong Gastroenterology Unit The People’s Hospital of Pingchang County Bazhong China Yongquan Street Community health Service Center Chengdu China

COVID-19 (COVID-19) or COVID-19 is pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus infection in patients in 2019. COVID-19 pneumonia epidemic is widespread, wide, and deep. To effectively combat the further spread of COVID-19: the overall protocol of the hospital: “three lines of defense” of community prevention and control, fever clinic and face-to-face treatment;grasp the good three-time limits: “2 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours”;do a good job of three key points: key areas and places and groups;carry out four early prevention and control measures: early detection, early reporting, early isolation and early treatment;management of confirmed, suspected, fever, close contact “four types of personnel”;implement l responsibility system;doing all receivable, should be treated, should be checked, should be separated by “four should be”;do investigation, control, supervision, education, and care “five in place”. Through the above methods, the People’s Hospital of Pingchang County has effectively controlled COVID-19.

关键词： Medical Institutions COVID-19 Prevention Measures health services Management

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MANAGEMENT OF HIV DISEASE IN CHINA

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1991年第1期104卷 87-88页

作者： Li De-lai Chinese Medical Association Beijing 100710

The Sino-American Symposium onManagement of HIV Disease was held inBeijing from November 8 to 9, 1990. Morethan 600 participants from the United Statesand China attended the meeting. At thistwo-day symposium, the American andChinese experts had broad and profound exchanges on HIV disease related issues indiagnosis, treatment, research, prevention,psychology, sociology, ethics, education andlaw. More than 40 experts presented papers.

关键词： Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome--prevention and control Asia China Conferences And Congresses Delivery Of health Care Developing Countries Diseases Eastern Asia Examinations And Diagnoses health health services Hematologic Tests Hiv Infections--prevention and control International Cooperation Laboratory Examinations And Diagnoses Laboratory Procedures Medicine Medicine, Traditional Treatment Viral Diseases

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The Effectiveness of Weekly Iron Supplementation Regimen in Improving the Iron Status of Chinese Children and Pregnant Women

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1996年第2期9卷 341-347页

作者： LIUXU－NIAN LIUPEI－YAN TianjinInstituteofChildhealth Tianjin300074 TongguMaternalandChildhealthHospital Tianjin300451

It is evident that intermittent iron supplementation is better than daily supplementation in two aspects: iron absorption is more efficient and has insignificant side effects in contrast to the daily dose. The significantly higher daily iron loss observed in the daily iron supplemented groups rats also suggests alterations in total body iron metabolism. Based on serum ferritin distribution patterns, intermittent iron supplementation avoids temporary iron overload with daily iron supplemented. We conclude that weekly iron supplementation scheme is safer and easier to administer. This feasible strategy for the control of iron deficient anemia in pregnant women and children would be an effective iron-supplementation program (Baily et al., 1993).

关键词： Age Factors Asia Child China Deficiency Diseases--prevention and control Delivery Of health Care Demographic Factors Developing Countries Diseases Eastern Asia Food Supplementation health health services Ingredients And Chemicals Inorganic Chemicals Iron Metals Nutrition Disorders Nutrition Programs Population Population Characteristics Population Dynamics Pregnant Women Primary health Care Research Report Time Factors Youth

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An assessment of racial differences in epidemiological, clinical and psychosocial factors among head and neck cancer patients at the time of surgery

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2020年第1期6卷 41-48页

作者： Anvesh Kompelli Kathleen B.Cartmell Katherine R.Sterba Anthony J.Alberg Christopher C.Xiao Amit J.Sood Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer Shai J.White-Gilbertson Steven A.Rosenzweig Terry A.Day Department of Otoloryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina(MUSC)CharlestonSC29425USA College of Nursing MUSCCharlestonSC29425USA Hollings Cancer Center MUSCCharlestonSC29425USA Department of Public health Sciences MUSCCharlestonSC29425USA Cancer Resistry Hollings Cancer CenterMUSCCharlestonSC29425USA Department of Pharmacology MUSCCharlestonSC29425USA

Objective:Racial disparities have been well characterized and African American(AA)patients have 30%lower 5-year survival rates than European Americans(EAs)for head and neck squamous carcinoma(HNSCC).This poorer survival can be attributed to a myriad of different *** purpose of this study was to characterize AA-EA similarities and differences in sociodemographic,lifestyle,clinical,and psychosocial characteristics in HNSCC patients near the time of ***:Setting:Single tertiary care ***:Thirty-nine newly diagnosed,untreated HNSCC patients(n=24 EAs,n=15 AAs)who were to undergo surgery were *** Design:Cross-sectional study Sociodemographic,lifestyle factors,and disease factors(cancer site,AJCC clinical and pathologic stage,and HPV status)were *** factors,leisure time,quality of life and social support were also assessed using validated ***:EA and AA patients were similar in the majority of sociodemographic factors *** had a higher trend toward pathologically later stage disease compared to EAs and significantly increased time to ***:EA and AA patients were similar in the majority of sociodemographic factors *** had a higher trend toward pathologically later stage disease compared to *** also had significantly increased time to treatment(P=0.05).The majority of AA patients(62%)had later stage pathologic *** were less likely to complete high school or college(P=0.01)than their EA ***,AAs were more likely to report having a gap in health insurance during the past decade(37%vs.15%).Conclusions:This preliminary study demonstrates a similar profile of demographics,clinical and psychosocial characteristics preoperatively for AAs and *** differences were AAs tending to have later pathologic stage disease,educational status,delays in treatment initiation,and gaps in health insurance.

关键词： Head and neck cancer healthcare disparities Treatment delay health services Quality care HPV

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Various Perspectives on Performance Appraisals in the health Service

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health 2014年第10期6卷 929-937页

作者： Froydis Vasset Social Science Aalesund University CollegeAalesundNorway

Background: The health services are facing many new challenges, including a growing number of elderly patients, and an increasing use of technology in the work place. These challenges might require flexible and reflective conversations with the employees. Aim: This study examines whether some performance appraisals (PAs) are more efficient and more effective than others. The study also shows how some performance appraisals are more suitable for home care and nursing homes in municipal health services. Methods: Two datasets are used: 1) a questionnaire was distributed to a representative sample of 600 health personnel in Norway;and 2) a questionnaire was distributed to a representative sample of 60 employees (test-group: 10 groups;control-group: 30 employees), in pre-test, post-test 1 and post-test 2. SPSS. Findings: Managers are the only ones who receive training in PA techniques (factory perspective). Nurses versus auxiliary nurses experience more frequent dyadic relationships and exchanges in PAs (family perspective). PAs for employees from nursing homes are fairer than those administered to home care employees (jungle perspective). In organizations closest to carnival perspectives, employees participating in group-PAs are more active in the conversations than employees who have individual conversations in PAs. Conclusions: health personnel involved in PAs experience different effects of the conversational, and employees working as a member of a team in the organization need to experience a high quality of relationships (family), justice (jungle), and participation in group-conversation (carnival) during performance appraisals.

关键词： Performance Appraisal health services

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The healthy China Initiative:Reality, Problems and Remedies

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2018年第3期6卷 79-95页

作者： SHAN Jingjing WU Zhanyun Institute for Urban and Environmental Studies Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee passed the resolution to build a healthy China, which was then upgraded to a national strategy in the Outline of the healthy China 2030 Plan issued by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in October 2016. This paper begins with describing health development in China and then argues that despite the good foundation that has been laid for building a healthy China, the country still faces serious problems, such as healthcare services falling short of demand, people's health and quality of life yet to be improved, the wide gap between the rich and poor and structural imbalances, serious environmental pollution, and increasing security risks. In the end, suggestions are provided from the perspectives of creating a healthy environment, improving health services, developing a healthy population, building a healthy society, and increasing support for health development to advance the healthy China initiative.

关键词： healthy China healthy population healthy environment health services health insurance.

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Sociodemographic Characteristics Related to Resistance to Breast Cancer Screening

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Open Journal of Nursing 2016年第11期6卷 911-920页

作者： Carla Nadja Santos de Sousa Cintia Mikaelle Cunha de Santiago Cristianny Samara Miranda de Holanda Jovanka Bittencourt Leite de Carvalho Jéssica Micaele Rebouças Justino Fátima Raquel Rosado Morais The Vale do Jaguaribe College The State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN) Natal Brazil Doutoranda no Programa Bioquímica e Fisiologia da UFPE-PE The State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN) Natal Brazil The Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil The Postgraduate Program in Nursing of the UFRN-RN Health School The Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil The State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN) Natal Brazil health and Society of the State University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil

Objective: To describe the sociodemographic characteristics of women related to resistance to breast cancer. Methods: Cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, whose research took place in the Basic Family health Units of the municipality of Mossoró. The study included 362 women aged between 40 and 69 years. One used a validated questionnaire with questions divided into five blocks. The data were entered in a spreadsheet, transferred to the SPSS software, and subsequently coded to perform the analysis. The Research Ethics Committee of the State University of Rio Grande do Norte, in Opinion No. 356958, approved the project. Results: Black women were two times more likely to be resistant when compared to white women (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.12 - 3.69;p = 0.018). Women who have studied up to primary school 122 (58.1%) were two times more likely to be resistant when compared to those 14 (6.7%) who studied up to higher education (OR = 2.69;95% CI = 1.31 - 5.48;p = 0.012). Women who had first-degree relatives with breast cancer 153 (72.9%) were three times more likely to be resistant. Conclusions: The findings show the need for investments in educational practices with a view to public awareness and professionals’ training to disseminate information regarding tests used in practice directed to women’s health.

关键词： Screening Programs Breast Cancer health services Oncology Nursing

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