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gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids are potential mediators in gut inflammation

Animal Nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 350-360页

作者： Muhammad Akhtar Yan Chen Ziyu Ma Xiaolong Zhang Deshi Shi Jawaria AKhan Huazhen Liu Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine College of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine College of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China Department of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLahore54000Pakistan

gut inflammation is a challenging concern in humans and animals,which disturbs normal growth and leads to severe bowel diseases.Short chain fatty acids(SCFA)are the gut microbiota metabolites produced from fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates,and have been reported to modulate gut inflammation.SCFA have been implicated as the potential therapeutic bioactive molecules for gut inflammatory diseases,and could be an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters(AGP).In this review,the existing knowledge about the types of SCFA,the related gut microbes producing SCFA,the roles of SCFA in maintaining Gut homeostasis,and how SCFA modulate gut inflammation is summarized.The therapeutic application of SCFA in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is also highlighted

关键词： gut microbiota Short chain fatty acid gut inflammation Gut homeostasis Inflammatory bowel disease

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TLR2 and TLR4 in Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis:the environment takes a toll on the gut

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2021年第4期10卷 611-629页

作者： Anastazja M.Gorecki Chidozie C.Anyaegbu Ryan S.Anderton School of Biological Science University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Group Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational ScienceNedlandsWAAustralia Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research InstituteCurtin UniversityNedlandsWAAustralia Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Midwifery and Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Notre Dame AustraliaFremantleWAAustralia School of Nursing MidwiferyHealth Sciences and PhysiotherapyUniversity of Notre Dame AustraliaFremantleWAAustralia

Parkinson's disease(PD)is an incurable,devastating disorder that is characterized by pathological protein aggregation and neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra.In recent years,growing evidence has implicated the gut environment and the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis and progression of PD,especially in a subset of people who exhibit prodromal gastrointestinal dysfunction.Specifically,perturbations of Gut homeostasis are hypothesized to contribute toα-synuclein aggregation in enteric neurons,which may spread to the brain over decades and eventually result in the characteristic central nervous system manifestations of PD,including neurodegeneration and motor impairments.However,the mechanisms linking gut disturbances andα-synuclein aggregation are still unclear.A plethora of research indicates that toll-like receptors(TLRs),especially TLR2 and TLR4;are critical mediators of Gut homeostasis.Alongside their established role in innate immunity throughout the body,studies are increasingly demonstrating that TLR2 and TLR4 signalling shapes the development and function of the gut and the enteric nervous system.Notably,TLR2 and TLR4 are dysregulated in patients with PD,and may thus be central to early gut dysfunction in PD.To better understand the putative contribution of intestinal TLR2 and TLR4 dysfunction to earlyα-synuclein aggregation and PD,we critically discuss the role of TLR2 and TLR4 in normal gut function as well as evidence for altered TLR2 and TLR4 signalling in PD;by reviewing clinical,animal model and in vitro research.Growing evidence on the immunological aetiology ofα-synuclein aggregation is also discussed,with a focus on the interactions ofα-synuclein with TLR2 and TLR4.We propose a conceptual model of PD pathogenesis in which microbial dysbiosis alters the permeability of the intestinal barrier as well as TLR2 and TLR4 signalling,ultimately leading to a positive feedback loop of chronic gut dysfunction promotingα-synuclein aggregation in enteric and vagal neurons.In turn,α-synuclein aggregates m

关键词： Parkinson’s disease TLR2 TLR4 α-Synuclein gut-brain axis gut barrier Gut homeostasis

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Replacing dietary sodium selenite with biogenic selenium nanoparticles improves the growth performance and gut health of early-weaned piglets

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第4期15卷 99-113页

作者： Lei Qiao Xina Dou Xiaofan Song Jiajing Chang Xiaonan Zeng Lixu Zhu Hongbo Yi Chunlan Xu School of Life Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anShaanxi 710072China State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionInstitute of Animal Science of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouGuangdong 510640China

Selenium nanoparticles(SeNPs)are proposed as a safer and more effective selenium delivery system than sodium selenite(Na_(2)SeO_(3)).Here,we investigated the effects of replacing dietary Na_(2)SeO_(3)with SeNPs synthesized by Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 on the growth performance and gut health of earlyweaned piglets.Seventy-two piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Large Yorkshire)weaned at 21 d of age were divided into the control group(basal diet containing 0.3 mg Se/kg from Na_(2)SeO_(3))and SeNPs group(basal diet containing 0.3 mg Se/kg from SeNPs)during a 14-d feeding period.The results revealed that SeNPs supplementation increased the average daily gain(P=0.022)and average daily feed intake(P=0.033),reduced(P=0.056)the diarrhea incidence,and improved(P=0.013)the feed conversion ratio compared with Na_(2)SeO_(3).Additionally,SeNPs increased jejunal microvilli height(P=0.006)and alleviated the intestinal barrier dysfunction by upregulating(P<0.05)the expression levels of mucin 2 and tight junction proteins,increasing(P<0.05)Se availability,and maintaining mitochondrial structure and function,thereby improving antioxidant capacity and immunity.Furthermore,metabolomics showed that SeNPs can regulate lipid metabolism and participate in the synthesis,secretion and action of parathyroid hormone,proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation and tricarboxylic acid cycle.Moreover,SeNPs increased(P<0.05)the abundance of Holdemanella and the levels of acetate and propionate.Correlation analysis suggested that Holdemanella was closely associated with the regulatory effects of SeNPs on early-weaned piglets through participating in lipid metabolism.Overall,replacing dietary Na_(2)SeO_(3)with biogenic SeNPs could be a potential nutritional intervention strategy to prevent earlyweaning syndrome in piglets.

关键词： Selenium nanoparticle Early-weaned piglet Gut homeostasis gut microbiota

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Microbiome-liver crosstalk:A multihit therapeutic target for liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第11期29卷 1651-1668页

作者： Jorum Kirundi Sheida Moghadamrad Camilla Urbaniak Department of Biomedical Research University of BernBern 3014Switzerland Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology Laboratories for Translational ResearchEnte Ospedaliero CantonaleBellinzona and Faculty of Biomedical SciencesUniversitàdella Svizzera italianaLugano 6900Switzerland Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryPasadenaCA 91011United States ZIN Technologies Middleburg HeightsOH 44130United States

Liver disease has become a leading cause of death,particularly in the West,where it is attributed to more than two million deaths annually.The correlation between gut microbiota and liver disease is still not fully understood.However,it is well known that gut dysbiosis accompanied by a leaky gut causes an increase in lipopolysaccharides in circulation,which in turn evoke massive hepatic inflammation promoting liver cirrhosis.Microbial dysbiosis also leads to poor bile acid metabolism and low short-chain fatty acids,all of which exacerbate the inflammatory response of liver cells.gut microbial homeostasis is maintained through intricate processes that ensure that commensal microbes adapt to the low oxygen potential of the gut and that they rapidly occupy all the intestinal niches,thus outcompeting any potential pathogens for available nutrients.The crosstalk between the gut microbiota and its metabolites also guarantee an intact gut barrier.These processes that protect against destabilization of gut microbes by potential entry of pathogenic bacteria are collectively called colonization resistance and are equally essential for liver health.In this review,we shall investigate how the mechanisms of colonization resistance influence the liver in health and disease and the microbial-liver crosstalk potential as therapeutic target areas.

关键词： Microbiome Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Liver disease Microbiome-host crosstalk Gut homeostasis Microbial metabolites

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Early exposure to food contaminants reshapes maturation of the human brain-gut-microbiota axis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第23期26卷 3145-3169页

作者： Elodie Sarron Maxime Pérot Nicolas Barbezier Carine Delayre-Orthez Jérome Gay-Quéheillard Pauline M Anton Transformations and Agroressources(EA 7519) Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalleUniversitéd'ArtoisBeauvais 60026France Périnatalitéet risques Toxiques UMR-I-01Universitéde Picardie Jules VerneAmiens 80000France

Early childhood growth and development is conditioned by the consecutive events belonging to perinatal programming. This critical window of life will be very sensitive to any event altering programming of the main body functions.Programming of gut function, which is starting right after conception, relates to a very well-established series of cellular and molecular events associating all types of cells present in this organ, including neurons, endocrine and immune cells. At birth, this machinery continues to settle with the establishment of extra connection between enteric and other systemic systems and is partially under the control of gut microbiota activity, itself being under the densification and the diversification of microorganisms’ population. As thus, any environmental factor interfering on this pre-established program may have a strong incidence on body functions. For all these reasons, pregnant women, fetuses and infants will be particularly susceptible to environmental factors and especially food contaminants. In this review, we will summarize the actual understanding of the consequences of repeated low-level exposure to major food contaminants on Gut homeostasis settlement and on brain/gut axis communication considering the pivotal role played by the gut microbiota during the fetal and postnatal stages and the presumed consequences of these food toxicants on the individuals especially in relation with the risks of developing later in life non-communicable chronic diseases.

关键词： Perinatal repeated low-level exposure Gut homeostasis Brain gut microbiota axis Food contaminants Non-communicable chronic diseases Epigenetics

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Lineage tracking the effector Tregs from microbial activated T effector cells in na?ve mice

Lineage tracking the effector Tregs from microbial activated...

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第十二届全国免疫学学术大会

作者：张保军 Chenfeng He Siqi Liu Mingjuan Qu Ning Jiang Yuan Zhuang Qijing Li 西安交通大学医学部 Department of Immunology Duke University Medical Center Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology University of Texas at Austin

Regulatory T cells(Tregs) play a critical role in the maintenance of Gut homeostasis by suppressing conventional CD4helper T cells(Tconvs) that are activated by microbial antigens.Tregs can directly generate from the thymus or be converted from peripheral Tconvs under various antigen stimulations.But it is still unclear about the frequency of this lineage conversion from Tconvs to Tregs in na(i|¨)ve animals.Here we used a newly established Tlox reporter system to track the proliferative expansion of activated Tconvs and Tregs.We found that marked Tregs(eTregs) exhibit an enhanced expression of effector molecules and a stronger suppressive ability than non-lineage marked Tregs.TCR repertoire analysis of Peyer’s patch T cells revealed that eTregs are clonally related to Tconvs,but not to non-lineage tracked Tregs.Thus,this study suggests that only a fraction of clonally activated T cells from the natural T cell repertoire exhibits lineage conversion to Tregs in response to commensal microbes under homeostatic conditions.

关键词： Immune tolerance Regulatory T cells Gut homeostasis Lineage tracking

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