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面向21世纪的动物科学与动物医学国际研讨会

作者： Changxin WuCollege of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China.

＜正＞genetic changes in poultry production in China are due to theory, method and resources. Theory of quantitative genetics, breeding methods and technology, a diversity of poultry genetic resources made its possible to get genetic improvement during the past 20 years. It is also important to establish a breeding system for poultry production. A great number of poultry-men get benefits from commercial stock with high genetic merits. State breeding farms keep seed stock with pedigree, and select birds according to the breeding program.

关键词： genetic changes poultry production China

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Identification and effective regulation of scarb1 gene involved in pigmentation change in autotetraploid Carassius auratus

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Zoological Research 2024年第2期45卷 381-397页

作者： Xi-Dan Xu Yue Zhou Chong-Qing Wang Xu Huang Kun Zhang Xiao-Wei Xu Li-Wen He Xin-Yue Zhang Xin-Zhu Fu Ming Ma Qin-Bo Qin Shao-Jun Liu State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education MinistryCollege of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunan 410081China Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute GuangzhouGuangdong 511458China Hunan Yuelu Mountain Science and Technology Co.Ltd.for Aquatic Breeding ChangshaHunan 410081China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunan 410081China

The autotetraploid Carassius auratus(4nRR,4n=200,RRRR)is derived from whole-genome duplication of Carassius auratus red var.(RCC,2n=100,RR).In the current study,we demonstrated that chromatophores and pigment changes directly caused the coloration and variation of 4nRR skin(red in RCC,brownish-yellow in4nRR).To further explore the molecular mechanisms underlying coloration formation and variation in 4nRR,we performed transcriptome profiling and molecular functional verification in RCC and *** revealed that scarb1,associated with carotenoid metabolism,underwent significant down-regulation in *** editing of this candidate pigment gene provided clear evidence of its significant role in RCC ***,we identified four divergent scarb1 homeologs in 4nRR:two original scarb1 homeologs from RCC and two duplicated ***,three of these homeologs possessed two highly conserved alleles,exhibiting biased and allelespecific expression in the ***,after precise editing of both the original and duplicated scarb1homeologs and/or alleles,4nRR individuals,whether singly or multiply mutated,displayed a transition from brownishyellow skin to a cyan-gray ***,the proportional areas of the cyan-gray regions displayed a gene-dose *** findings illustrate the subfunctionalization of duplicated scarb1,with all scarb1genes synergistically and equally contributing to the pigmentation of *** is the first report concerning the functional differentiation of duplicated homeologs in an autopolyploidfish,substantiallyenrichingour understanding of coloration formation and change within this group of organisms.

关键词： Autopolyploidization Coloration change scarb1 Functional differentiation genetic changes

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Aneuploidy in pluripotent stem cells and implications for cancerous transformation

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Protein & Cell 2014年第8期5卷 569-579页

作者： Jie Na Duncan Baker Jing Zhang Peter W. Andrews Ivana Barbaric School of Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Sheffield Diagnostic genetic Services Sheffield Children's Hospital Sheffield S10 2TH UK Centre for Stem Cell Biology Department of Biomedical Science The University of Sheffield Sheffield S10 2TN UK

Owing to a unique set of attributes, human pluripotent stem cells （hPSCs） have emerged as a promising cell source for regenerative medicine, disease modeling and drug discovery. Assurance of genetic stability over long term maintenance of hPSCs is pivotal in this endeavor, but hPSCs can adapt to life in culture by acquiring non-random genetic changes that render them more robust and easier to grow. In separate studies between 12.5% and 34% of hPSC lines were found to acquire chromosome abnormalities over time, with the incidence increasing with passage number. The predominant genetic changes found in hPSC lines involve changes in chromosome number and structure （particularly of chromosomes 1, 12, 17 and 20）, remi- niscent of the changes observed in cancer cells. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the causes and consequences of aneuploidy in hPSCs and highlight the potential links with genetic changes observed in human cancers and early embryos. We point to the need for comprehensive characterization of mechanisms underpinning both the acquisition of chromosomal abnormalities and selection pressures, which allow mutations to persist in hPSC cultures. Elucidation of these mechanisms will help to design culture conditions that minimize the appearance of aneuploid hPSCs. Moreover, aneuploidy in hPSCs may provide a unique platform to analyse the driving for- ces behind the genome evolution that may eventually lead to cancerous transformation.

关键词： human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs),culture adaptation aneuploidy cancer genetic changes

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