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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2021年第2期41卷 326-330页

作者： YUE Gonglei YUAN Xiaodong GE Xiaobin DU Guangzhong Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250012China Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan 250355China

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture on rapid Gastric emptying by comparing the effectiveness of electroacupuncture at both Zusanli(ST36)and Zhongwan(CV12)(He-Mu acupoints)versus electroacupuncture at Zhongwan(CV12)alone.METHODS:Sixty-five patients were randomly divided into two groups;33 patients in the He-Mu acupoints group received electroacupuncture at both Zusanli(ST36)and Zhongwan(CV12),while 32 patients in the single acupoint group received electroacupuncture only at Zhongwan(CV12).Both groups were treated once daily for 30 min,five times per week for 3 weeks.Before and after the 3-week treatment course,patients underwent Gastric emptying scintigraphy and were assessed using the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)symptom scale of gastrointestinal diseases.The two groups were compared regarding the percentages of gastric retention at 30 and 60 min and the TCM symptom scores.RESULTS:After the treatment course,the percentages of gastric retention at 30 and 60 min were significantly improved in both groups compared with the pre-treatment values(Pgastric retention was significantly better in the He-Mu acupoints group than the single acupoint group at 30 min(PGastric emptying.Furthermore,electroacupuncture at both Zusanli(ST36)and Zhongwan(CV12)is more effective than electroacupuncture at Zhongwan(CV12)alone.

关键词： Gastric emptying electroacupuncture point ST 36(Zusanli) point CV 12(Zhongwan) Points He-Mu

Inter-relationships between Gastric emptying and glycaemia:Implications for clinical practice

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World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第5期14卷 447-459页

作者： Tejaswini Arunachala Murthy Marianne Chapman Karen L Jones Michael Horowitz Chinmay S Marathe Adelaide Medical School University of AdelaideAdelaide 5000SAAustralia Intensive Care Unit Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide 5000SAAustralia NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Nutritional Physiology Interventions and OutcomesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaide 5000SAAustralia Endocrine and Metabolic Unit Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide 5000SAAustralia

Gastric emptying(GE)exhibits a wide inter-individual variation and is a major determinant of postprandial glycaemia in health and diabetes;the rise in blood glucose following oral carbohydrate is greater when GE is relatively more rapid and more sustained when glucose tolerance is impaired.Conversely,GE is influenced by the acute glycaemic environment acute hyperglycaemia slows,while acute hypoglycaemia accelerates it.Delayed GE(gastroparesis)occurs frequently in diabetes and critical illness.In diabetes,this poses challenges for management,particularly in hospitalised individuals and/or those using insulin.In critical illness it compromises the delivery of nutrition and increases the risk of regurgitation and aspiration with consequent lung dysfunction and ventilator dependence.Substantial advances in knowledge relating to GE,which is now recognised as a major determinant of the magnitude of the rise in blood glucose after a meal in both health and diabetes and,the impact of acute glycaemic environment on the rate of GE have been made and the use of gut-based therapies such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists,which may profoundly impact GE,in the management of type 2 diabetes,has become commonplace.This necessitates an increased understanding of the complex inter-relationships of GE with glycaemia,its implications in hospitalised patients and the relevance of dysglycaemia and its management,particularly in critical illness.Current approaches to management of gastroparesis to achieve more personalised diabetes care,relevant to clinical practice,is detailed.Further studies focusing on the interactions of medications affecting GE and the glycaemic environment in hospitalised patients,are required.

关键词： Glycaemia Gastric emptying Clinical practice Glucagon-like peptide-1

Mechanistic study on bran layer in Gastric emptying and digestion in brown rice using an advanced human stomach system

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Mechanistic study on bran layer in gastric emptying and dige...

Involvement of pylorus n NOS and ACh in delayed Gastric emptying of 6-OHDA rats

中国营养学会第十五届全国营养科学大会

作者： Junyan Wang Peng Wu Jingjing Wang Juan Wang Biao Gu Fangzi Ge Xiaodong Chen School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Material Science Soochow University

In this study, a dynamic in vitro human stomach system was employed to elucidate the influence of structural difference between white and brown rice on Gastric emptying and starch digestion. The evolution of gastric digesta particle size distribution, pH, viscosity and starch hydrolysis were investigated during digestion. Due to the protective effect of outer bran layer against structural breakdown, brown rice showed higher pH buffering capacity, larger digesta particle size and greater rheology, resulting in a delayed Gastric emptying and consequently, a lower starch hydrolysis in an overall starch digestibility in the stomach than the white rice. The current study has provided quantitative evidence regarding the importance of macrostructure(i.e. the bran layer) in rice gastric digestion that may further impact intestinal absorption. Meanwhile, the particle size was significantly smaller in the digesta emptied out of the stomach in both white and brown rice throughout the digestion compared to that retained in the stomach. This demonstrates an effective size reduction and sieving efficiency exhibited by the in vitro system. It is practically meaningful using the in vitro system to track the dynamic changes in structural and physicochemical properties of food materials during digestion in the stomach. Methods The objectives of the present study are to evaluate the gastric disintegration and sieving performance of the improved in vitro system(DHS-IV), as well as to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of outer bran layer on starch hydrolysis in brown rice using the DHS-IV. Both white rice and brown rice were cooked with a rice: water ratio of 1:1.2(w/w) for 60 min using an electric rice cooker. Simulated saliva fluid(SSF) and simulated gastric fluid(SGF) were prepared using the chemicals that were of analytical grade following the experimental protocol reported by Minekus et al.(2014) with minor modifications. The in vitro gastric digestion of cooked white and brown rice was carried out using

关键词： gastric digestion dynamic human stomach system bran layer brown rice Gastric emptying starch hydrolysis

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Involvement of pylorus n NOS and ACh in delayed gastric empt...

Extended Fasting Durations Delayed Gastric emptying and Colonic Motility in Normal Male Rats

中国生理学会第24届全国会员代表大会暨生理学学术大会

作者：樊瑞芳郑丽飞朱进霞首都医科大学基础医学院生理与病理生理学系消化生理实验室

Background Parkinson disease(PD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and always happened to the Aged.In addition to the classical cardinal motor symptoms PD patients always suffer from gastrointestinal(GI)disorders(such as gastroparesis and constipation),but the mechanism remains unclear.Previously we have reported that 6-OHDA rat model,a classic PD model,exhibits typical GI symptoms like delayed Gastric emptying with enteric NO/acetylcholine(ACh)alteration in pylorus.The aim of the present study is to investigate the regulation of enteric neural nitric oxide synthestase(n NOS)and cholinergic system on the pylorus function and the mechanism underlying the Gastric emptying disorder in 6-OHDA model.Materials and methods Sprague-Dawley rats,weight 20050g,were treated with 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA)by microinjected into bilateral substantia nigra,which referred to6-OHDA model.Solid diet Gastric emptying test,Nissl staining,Immunofluorescence,Western blot,and in vitro pylorus motility recording were used in this study.Results Solid diet Gastric emptying test indicated that the 6-OHDA rats had a delayed Gastric emptying.In-vitro study of smooth muscle strip contraction,6-OHDA rats displayed a higher basal tone(control:507.9±31.8mg,6-OHDA:679.1±36.2mg,n=13,P<0.01),but lower basal pylorus motility index(control:64.3±5.2mg*s,6-OHDA:37.7±3.6 mg*s,n=4,P<0.01).L-NAME(100μmol/L),a non-selective inhibitor of NOS,significantly increased pylorus motility including basal tone and contractive amplitude,but the efficacy is weaker in 6-OHDA rats(control:193.3±21.8mg,6-OHDA:121.4±14.7mg,n=5,P<0.05).Bethanechol chloride significantly increased motility index,but the reaction is also smaller in 6-OHDA rats(the amplification:control:2.1±0.2,6-OHDA:1.3±0.07,n=5,P<0.05).The role of L-NAME or Bethanechol chloride in the pylorus motility of 6-OHDA model was attenuated.Immunofluorescence exhibited an extensive distribution of n NOS in pylorus enteric nervous system.Western blot showed a decreased expression of n NOS in pylorus in 6-OHDA

关键词： nNOS ACh pylorus motility Gastric emptying 6-OHDA model

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第7期10卷 146-154页

作者： Olugbenga Adeola Odukanmi Onyekachi Emmanuel Anyagwa Omowunmi Sidikat Adewunmi Keren Ifunanya Okechukwu Samuel Babafemi Olaleye Department of Physiology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

Background: Previous studies on fasting and gastrointestinal motility were reported with information lacking concerning prolonged continuous fasting and gastrointestinal motility. This study investigated the effect of prolonged fasting duration on gastrointestinal motility. Methods: Forty-five (45) male Wistar rats, with body weights between 180 - 200 g were used. They were randomly assigned into three (3) groups. Group1: control (rats fasted for 18 h—common duration of fasting for motility studies), groups 2 and 3 fasted for 48 and 72 h respectively. Five (5) rats per experiment and per group were considered. Blood glucose was determined by glucose oxidase method, Gastric emptying was assessed by hydrated carbohydrate meal, intestinal motility by charcoal meal, and colonic motility was assessed using bead test. Data were reported in Mean ± SEM and analyzed with one-way ANOVA. Differences in results were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05. Results: There was no significant change in the blood glucose level (mmol/L) of rats in the 48 h group (2.94 ± 0.35) and 72 h group (3.20 ± 0.32) as compared with the control (3.62 ± 0.19). There was a significant decrease in the rate of Gastric emptying (g) in the 72 h group (0.20 ± 0.08) compared with the control (0.64 ± 0.16). The intestinal transit (cm) in the 48 h group (67.54 ± 6.15) and 72 h group (72.10 ± 7.60) increased significantly when compared with the control (42.14 ± 3.14). There was a significant decrease in the colonic motility time (Sec.) in the 48 h group (2707 ± 864.1) and 72 h group (6363 ± 968.1) when compared with the control (263.8 ± 64.26). Conclusion: Extended fasting durations decrease the rate of Gastric emptying and colonic motility. It suggests that extended fasting durations could be beneficial in intestinal spasms or where the gut is required to relax.

关键词： Fasting Gastrointestinal Motility Gastric emptying Intestinal Transit Colonic Motility Rats

Regulative effects of essential oil from Atractylodes lancea on delayed Gastric emptying in stress-induced rats

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A　Scintigraphic　Study　on　gastric　emptying　in　Patients　with　Non－ulcer　Dyspepsia

中华中医药学会第九届中药鉴定学术会议

作者： Hong Zhang,Ting Han,Lian-Na Sun,Bao-Kang Huang,Yu-Feng Chen,Han-Chen Zheng, Lu-Ping Qin Department of Pharmacognosy,School of Pharmacy,Second Military Medical University,Shanghai 200433,People’s Republic of China

gastric motor dysfunction induced by psychological stress results in many symptoms of functional dyspepsia (FD).There are a number of herbal medicines that are reported to improve gastrointestinal motor.However,the mechanisms of considerable herbal medicines are not explicit.In the present study,the effects of an essential oil(EO) extracted from Atractylodes lancea on delayed Gastric emptying,gastrointestinal hormone and hypothalamic corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) abnormalities induced by restraint stress in rats were investigated and the mechanism of the EO is also explored.Oral administration of EO for 7 days did not affect normal Gastric emptying,but accelerated delayed Gastric emptying induced by restraint stress in rats.The EO significantly increased the levels of motilin(MTL) and gastrin(GAS) and decreased the levels of somatostatin(SS) and CRF.The EO did not modify Gastric emptying in vagotomized rats that underwent restraint stress, but antagonized delayed Gastric emptying induced by intracisternal injection of CRF.These results suggest that the regulative effects of the EO on delayed Gastric emptying are preformed mainly via inhibition of the release of central CRF and activation of vagal pathway,which are also involved in the release of gastrointestinal hormones such as MTL,GAS and SS.

关键词： Essential oil Atractylodes lancea Restraint stress Gastric emptying Gastrointestinal hormone Corticotrophin-releasing factor

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 1996年第1期16卷 41-44页

作者：王思元程斌吴华郑毅胡健周健鲜于志群 Department of Gastroenterology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical University Wuhan

Solid Gastric emptying rates (GER) were determined with scintigraphic techniques in 20 patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and 9 healthy volunteers. GER were significantly decreased in NUD patients compared with controls , especially 45 min (PGastric emptying delay may be present with a high percentage in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Scintigraphic Gastric emptying test is a safe and reliable technique with good reproducibility. It may be helpful in quantitative study about gastric motion disorders.

关键词： non-ulcer dyspepsia Gastric emptying scintigraphic techniques

Effects on physiologic measures of appetite from intragastric balloon and endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty: results of a prospective study

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第10期135卷 1234-1241页

作者： Babusai Rapaka Daniel B.Maselli Gontrand Lopez-Nava Inmaculada Bautista-Castano Reem Matar Veeravich Jaruvongvanich Eric J.Vargas Andrew C.Storm Andres Acosta Barham K.Abu Dayyeh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905USA Madrid Sanchinarro University Hospital MadridSpain

Background: Endoscopic bariatric therapies can help address widening management gaps in obesity. Their ability to facilitate weight loss is largely tied to influences on appetite through perturbations of Gastric emptying and accommodation. As these tools gain traction in obesity therapy, their physiologic underpinnings require exploration, which may enhance efficacy, tolerance, and patient-tailored care.Methods: We prospectively assessed consecutive subjects with fluid-filled intragastric balloons (IGBs) (n = 18) placed between October 2016 and June 2017 or underwent endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) (n = 23) from March 2018 to June 2018. Patients underwent physiologic appraisal at 3 months with13C-spirulina-based Gastric emptying breath test to determine time to half emptying (T50), as well as maximum tolerated volume (MTV) of a standard nutrient drink test. Changes in T50 and MTV at 3 months were compared with percent total body weight loss (%TBWL) at 3 and 6 months using best-fit linear regression.Results: The change in T50 at 3 months correlated with %TBWL at 3 months for IGB (P = 0.01) and ESG (P = 0.01) but with greater impact on %TBWL in IGB compared to ESG (R2 = 0.42vs. 0.26). Change in T50 at 3 months was predictive of weight loss at 6 months for IGB (P = 0.01) but not ESG (P = 0.11). ESG was associated with greater decrease in MTV compared to IGB (340.25 ± 297.97 mLvs. 183.00 ± 217.13 mL,P = 0.08), indicting an enhanced effect on satiation through decreased gastric accommodation. Changes in MTV at 3 months did not correlate with %TBWL for either IGB (P = 0.26) or ESG (P = 0.49) but trended toward significance for predicting %TBWL at 6 months for ESG (P = 0.06) but not IGB (P = 0.19).Conclusion: IGB and ESG both induce weight loss but likely through distinct gastric motor function phenotypes, and Gastric emptying may predict future weight loss in patients with IGB.

关键词： Intragastric balloon Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty Gastric emptying gastric accommodation Obesity

Evaluation of the gastrointestinal anti-motility effect of Anacardium occidentale stem bark extract:A mechanistic study of antidiarrheal activity

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2021年第6期11卷 776-782页

作者： Blessing O.Omolaso Francis S.Oluwole Olugbenga A.Odukanmi Julius K.Adesanwo Ahmed A.Ishola Kayode E.Adewole Department of Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of Medical SciencesOndo City340001Ondo StateNigeria Department of Physiology College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadan200001Nigeria Department of Chemistry Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife230001Osun StateNigeria Central Research Laboratories Limited University Road IlorinKwara State240001Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of Medical Sciences340001Ondo StateNigeria

Diarrhea is a prevalent gastrointestinal problem associated with fatal implications.It is a huge public health concern that requires better alternatives to current drugs.This study investigated the mechanisms involved in the antidiarrheal activity of Anacardium occidentale(Ao) stem bark extract,a plant commonly used in the management of diarrhea in Nigeria.Methanolic stem bark extract of the plant was partitioned into three fractions:hexane fraction,ethyl acetate fraction(Ao EF) and methanol fraction.In vitro studies on the effect of these fractions on guinea pig ileum(GPI) strips,as well as the modulatory effect of Ao EF on standard agonists-and antagonists-induced GPI contraction and relaxation,revealed Ao EF as the most active fraction.In vivo studies to assess the effect of Ao EF on the dopaminergic,muscarinic,and serotonergic pathways were carried out using Gastric emptying(GE) and gastrointestinal transit(GT) as experimental end points.Ao EF was subjected to GC-MS analysis,while the identified compounds were docked with the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3(CHRM3) using Autodock Vina.Results indicated that Ao EF inhibited GE and GT via inhibition of CHRM3.In addition,GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 24 compounds in Ao EF,while docking indicated that octadecanoic acid 2-(2-hydroxylethoxy)ethyl ester exhibited the highest binding affinity to CHRM3.This study indicated that the antidiarrheal activity of Ao is through its antimotility effect via the inhibition of the muscarinic pathway.And since none of the identified compounds exhibited higher binding affinity to CHRM3 relative to loperamide,the antimotility activity of these phytoconstituents may be via synergism.

关键词： Anacardium occidentale Antidiarrheal Muscarinic receptor Gastric emptying Gut motility GC-MS analysis

Modified B-ultrasound method for measurement of antral section only to assess gastric function and guide enteral nutrition in critically ill patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第28期23卷 5229-5236页

作者： Ying Liu Ya-Kun Gao Lei Yao Li Li Department of Ultrasound Cangzhou Central Hospital

AIM To establish a modified B-ultrasound method of measuring the antral section only to assess gastric motility in healthy people,and evaluate its application in guiding enteral nutrition(EN) in critically ill patients. METHODS First,30 healthy volunteers were selected. The modified B-ultrasound method and the traditional B-ultrasound method were applied to assess gastric function. The correlation of indices of gastric function between the two groups was analyzed statistically. In addition,64 critically ill patients were selected,and the modified B-ultrasound method and the gastric juice withdrawal method were applied to guide the implementation of EN. Daily caloric value,the time required to achieve complete EN,ICU stay,hospitalization time,and serum prealbumin and albumin levels were recorded and compared between the two groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to compare the complications of EN between the two groups. RESULTS In healthy subjects,there was a good correlation among Gastric emptying time,antral contraction frequency andantral motility index between the two groups(r = 0.57,0.61 and 0.54,respectively). The study on critically ill patients also revealed that a better effect of EN was achieved in the modified B-ultrasound method group,in which patients had shorter ICU stay and hospitalization time and higher levels of serum prealbumin and albumin. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the improved B-ultrasound method was associated with significantly fewer EN complications(P = 0.031).CONCLUSION The modified B-ultrasound method can provide a good real-time assessment of gastric function and has a better effect than the traditional method in guiding EN in critically ill patients.

关键词： Gastric emptying Real-time ultrasound Critically ill patients Enteral nutrition