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Forest management causes soil carbon loss by reducing particulate organic carbon in Guangxi, Southern China

forest Ecosystems 2023年第1期10卷 73-81页

作者： Xiaojie Li Qiufang Zhang Jiguang Feng Demeng Jiang Biao Zhu Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental SciencesKey Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijing100871China

Background: The loss of soil organic carbon(SOC) following conversion of natural forests to managed plantations has been widely reported. However, how different SOC fractions and microbial necromass C(MNC) respond to Forest management practices remains unclear.Methods: We sampled 0–10 cm mineral soil from three different management plantations and one protected forest in Guangxi, Southern China, to explore how Forest management practices affect SOC through changing mineralassociated C(MAOC) and particulate organic C(POC), as well as fungal and bacterial necromass C.Results: Compared with the protected forest, SOC and POC in the abandoned, mixed and Eucalyptus plantations significantly decreased, but MAOC showed no significant change, indicating that the loss of SOC was mainly from decreased POC under Forest management. Forest management also significantly reduced root biomass, soil extractable organic C, MNC, and total microbial biomass(measured by phospholipid fatty acid), but increased fungi-to-bacteria ratio(F:B) and soil peroxidase activity. Moreover, POC was positively correlated with root biomass, total microbial biomass and MNC, and negatively with F:B and peroxidase activity. These results suggested that root input and microbial properties together regulated soil POC dynamics during Forest management.Conclusion: Overall, this study indicates that Forest management intervention significantly decreases SOC by reducing POC in Guangxi, Southern China, and suggests that forest protection can help to sequester more soil C in forest ecosystems.

关键词： Soil organic carbon Forest management Mineral-associated organic carbon Particulate organic carbon Microbial necromass carbon

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Effects of acquiring FSC Forest management certification for Japanese enterprises using SmartWood Audits

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Journal of forestry Research 2012年第1期23卷 165-172页

作者： Katsuaki SUGIURA Takuyuki YOSHIOKA Kouki INOUE College of Bioresource Sciences Nihon University 1866 Kameino Fujisawa Kanagawa 252-0880 Japan

We explore the organizational, environmental, and economic effects of sustainable Forest management （FM） certification by Smart- Wood （SW）, one of the certification bodies accredited by the forest Stewardship Council （FSC） to carry out certification in Japan. We closely investigated three enterprises： the Yusuhara forest Owners＇ Cooperative, Yamanashi Prefectural forest, and Ryujin-mura forest Owners＇ Coopera- tive. Interviews with representatives of these entities provided crucial empirical information regarding the influence of certification on envi- ronmental assessment, rare-species protection, landscape-management planning, management objectives, and forest supervision. Attainment of FM status improved environmental awareness and engendered positive changes in assessing and managing forests and other natural resources but simultaneously imposed heavier economic costs.

关键词： forest certification Forest management FSC required im-provements SmartWood

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Tropical dry forest dynamics in the context of climate change:syntheses of drivers,gaps,and management perspectives

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 276-291页

作者： Zenebe Girmay Siyum Institute of Climate and Society Mekelle UniversityP.O.Box 231MekelleEthiopia Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Pan African UniversityLife and Earth Sciences InstituteUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria

This review attempts to synthesize the available literature on tropical dry forests and their dynamics in the context of climate change and thereby identifies possible gaps and priority areas for further research and management endeavors.Tropical dry forests(TDFs)occur in dryland environments,which are characterized by prolonged periods of dry months.They experience distinct seasonality and high inter-annual variability in climatic variables,particularly rainfall.Despite the enormous ecological and livelihood importance of TDFs,these forests are highly threatened by global changes.So far,they have received far less attention from research and development interventions as compared to the humid tropical forests.Their significance is still overlooked in many countries’national policies.Current modeling frameworks show that drought,precipitation,and temperature are highlighted as strong drivers of tree growth and/or mortality in these forests.Well-valued and sustainably managed TDFs have the potential to contribute to climate change adaptation and mitigation,buffer against erosion and desertification,and contribute to economic development,food security,and poverty alleviation.TDFs suffer notable disregard from research and development strategies.Thus,greater awareness and appropriate policies and investments are needed at various levels to counteract the increasing vulnerability of people,forest ecosystems,and species living in these fragile ecosystems.Further research is also needed to generate knowledge on the status and significances of TDFs and their responses in the face of the changing climate so as to bring their sustainable management to the attention of policymakers and managers.

关键词： Climate change Dry forests Forest management Livelihood resilience Threats

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Addressing soil protection concerns in forest ecosystem management under climate change

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forest Ecosystems 2020年第3期7卷 432-442页

作者： Ana Raquel Rodrigues Brigite Botequim Catarina Tavares Patrícia Pécurto JoséGBorges forest Research Centre School of AgricultureLisbon UniversityTapada da Ajuda1349-017LisbonPortugal

Background: Climate change may strongly influence soil erosion risk, namely through variations in the precipitation pattern. forests may contribute to mitigate the impacts of climate change on soil erosion and forest managers are thus challenged by the need to define strategies that may protect the soil while addressing the demand for other ecosystem services. Our emphasis is on the development of an approach to assess the impact of silvicultural practices and Forest management models on soil erosion risks under climate change. Specifically, we consider the annual variation of the cover-management factor(C) in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation over a range of alternative Forest management models to estimate the corresponding annual soil losses, under both current and changing climate conditions. We report and discuss results of an application of this approach to a forest area in Northwestern Portugal where erosion control is the most relevant water-related ecosystem service.Results: Local climate change scenarios will contribute to water erosion processes, mostly by rainfall erosivity increase.Different Forest management models provide varying levels of soil protection by trees, resulting in distinct soil loss potential.Conclusions: Results confirm the suitability of the proposed approach to address soil erosion concerns in Forest management planning. This approach may help foresters assess management models and the corresponding silvicultural practices according to the water-related services they provide.

关键词： C-factor Erosivity Ecosystem services Forest management Revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE)

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Cultural knowledge of forests and allied tree system management around Mabira forest Reserve,Uganda

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Journal of forestry Research 2020年第5期31卷 1787-1802页

作者： Lucy W.Mulugo Charles Galabuzi Gorettie N.Nabanoga Nelson Turyahabwe Gerald Eilu Joseph Obua Esezah Kakudidi Nicole Sibelet College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Makerere UniversityP.O.Box 7062KampalaUganda National forestry Resources Research Institute P.O.Box 1752KampalaUganda National Agricultural Research Organization P.O.Box 295EntebbeUganda College of Natural Sciences Makerere UniversityP.O.Box 7062KampalaUganda CIRAD TA 60/15.73Rue J-F Breton34398 Montpellier Cedex 5France CATIE Apartado Postal 7170 TurrialbaTurrialba 30501Costa Rica

The cultural universe is sometimes confusing,surprising and murky,so many cultural maps get drawn,discussed and envisioned.A study was undertaken around Mabira forest Reserve in central Uganda to identify the trees and shrubs culturally managed on-farm,assess the cultural practices of forest and tree system management and determine the relationship between farmer gender and forest and tree system management.We engaged 203 farmers in focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews to collect data.Qualitative data were jointly evaluated with farmers;quantitative data were analyzed in SPSS 20.0.The results showed a high likelihood for involvement of local people in tree or Forest management for economic gain,as timber and fast-growing species were highly ranked.Food and medicinal species were also regarded as important,suggesting high prospects of integrating them into the local farming system or protecting them in the forest.Numerous cultural practices(including rituals,trenching,bark slashing,ring barking,spot weeding and use of organic manure and pesticides)of forest and tree system management were acknowledged.However,their knowledge was mixed and unclear about distinct cultural and supportive arrangements for natural forest and tree restoration.While gender was not a significant cultural attribute for knowledge of the forest and allied tree system management,age substantially affected farmer propensity for various timber products.Also farmer’s family size influenced the collection of tree wildings and fodder.We encourage considering gender disparities and livelihood needs including income,during selection of cultural practices for forest and tree restoration.

关键词： Traditional Cultural ways Forest management Indigenous knowledge Superstition

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Young and old forest in the boreal:critical stages of ecosystem dynamics and management under global change

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forest Ecosystems 2018年第4期5卷 361-375页

作者： Timo Kuuluvainen Sylvie Gauthier Department of forest Sciences University of HelsinkiLatokartanonkaan 7 FIN-00014 HelslnklFinland Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest ServiceLaurentian Forestry Center1055 rue du P.E.P.S.C.P 10380succ Sainte-FoyQuebecQuebec GIV 4C7Canada.

The circumboreal forest encompasses diverse landscape structures, dynamics and forest age distributions determined by their physical setting, and historical and current disturbance regimes. However, due to intensifying forest utilisation, and in certain areas due to increasing natural disturbances, boreal forest age-class structures have changed rapidly, so that the proportion of old forest has substantially declined, while that of young post-harvest and post-natural-disturbance forest proportions have increased. In the future, with a warming climate in certain boreal regions, this trend may further be enhanced due to an increase in natural disturbances and large-scale use of forest biomass to replace fossil-based fuels and products.The major drivers of change of forest age class distributions and structures include the use of clearcut shortrotation harvesting, more frequent and severe natural disturbances due to climate warming in certain regions. The decline in old forest area, and increase in managed young forest lacking natural post-disturbance structural legacies,represent a major transformation in the ecological conditions of the boreal forest beyond historical limits of variability.This may introduce a threat to biodiversity, ecosystem resilience and long-term adaptive capacity of the forest ecosystem.To safeguard boreal forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, and to maintain the multiple services provided to societies by this forest biome, it is pivotal to maintain an adequate share and the ecological qualities of young postdisturbance stages, along with mature forest stages with old-growth characteristics. This requires management for natural post-disturbance legacy structures, and innovative use of diverse uneven-aged and continuous cover management approaches to maintain critical late-successional forest structures in landscapes.

关键词： Adaptive capacity Biodiversity Boreal forest Climate change forestry Ecosystem services forest dynamics Forest management Resilience

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Species composition,structure,regeneration and management status of Jorgo-Wato forest in west Wollega,Ethiopia

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Journal of forestry Research 2022年第1期33卷 136-144页

作者： Kebu Balemi Zemede Asfaw Sebsebe Demissew Gemedo Dalle Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity management Addis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 34Addis AbabaEthiopia Center of Environmental Science Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute P.O.Box 30726Addis AbabaEthiopia

Species composition,structure,regeneration,and management status of Jorgo-Wato forest(JWF)was studied.Number of individuals,diameter at breast height(dbh)and height of woody species(dbh≥2.5 cm)were counted and measured in each plot.Group discussions with local farmers residing around JWF were carried out to understand the management of the JWF.forest structural attributes were computed using descriptive statistics;correlation was used to assess relationships between the structural variables.A total of 4313 individuals(dbh≥2.5 cm)with a density of 1477 ha-1 were recorded,the number of species and individuals decreasing with increasing dbh classes.Species with the highest Importance Value Index(IVI)were Pouteria adolfifriedericii(37.7),Syzygium guineense subsp.afromontanum(23.6),Dracaena afromontana(20.5),Chionanthus mildbraedii(15.9),and Croton macrostachyus(12.3).Overall distribution of woody plants across size classes exhibited a reverse J-pattern,suggesting a healthy population structure and good regeneration.Nevertheless,some species were not represented in smaller diameter classes,including juvenile phases,which indicate a lack of regeneration.For these species,monitoring and enrichment planting would be necessary,along with curbing illegal cutting and coffee farming in the natural forest.management interventions in the JWF need to consider livelihood options and to respect the rights of local communities.

关键词： Species composition Structure Regeneration Participatory Forest management

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Population distribution and threats to sustainable management of selected non-timber forest products in tropical lowland rainforests of south western Nigeria

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Journal of forestry Research 2013年第1期24卷 75-82页

作者： Jimoh S.O. Amusa T.O. I.O. Azeez Department of forest Resources management University of IbadanNigeria. Department of forest Resources management University of IlorinNigeria.

Uncontrolled harvesting of non-timber forest products （NTFPs） poses a serious risk of extermination to several of these species in Nigeria. Yet, there is a paucity of information on the distribution, population status and sustainable management of NTFPs in most of the tropical lowland rainforests. We, therefore, assessed the population, distribution and threats to sustainable management of NTFPs within the tropical lowland rainforests of Omo and Shasha forest Reserves, south western Nigeria. Data were obtained through inventory surveys on five top priority species including： bush mango （Irvingia gabonensis （Aubry-Lecomte ex O’Rorke） Baill）, African walnut （Tetracarpidium conophorum （Mull. Arg.） Hutch. ＆ Dalziel syn. Plukenetia conophora）, chew-stick （Massularia acuminata （G. Don） Bullock）, fever bark （Annickia chlorantha Setten ＆ P.J.Maas syn. Enantia chloranta） and bush pepper （Piper guineense Schumach. ＆ Thonn.）. Purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were used for the inventory. Each forest reserve was stratified into three, viz： less disturbed natural forest （for areas that have been rested for at least ten years）, recently disturbed natural forest （for areas that have suffered one form of human perturbation or the other in the last five years）, and plantation forest （for areas carrying forest plantation）. Data were collected from eighteen 10 m × 500 m belt transects located in the above strata. The species were generally fewer in both plantation and recently disturbed natural forest than the less disturbed natural forest, suggesting that forest disturbances （habitat modification） for other uses may have an effect on the occurrence and densities of the NTFPs. Exceptions to this trend were found for P. guineense and T. conophorum, which were fairly common in both plantation and recently disturbed natural forest. Among three tree NTFP species （i.e. I. gabonensis, M. acuminata and A. chlorantha）, only I. gabonensis showed a significant difference in overall DBH size classes for both reserves （t=？2.4

关键词： Tropical rainforest non-timber forest products （NTFP） population density distribution Forest management

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Comparison of Social Benefits of forest under Different management Models: A Case Study of Close-to-Nature Forest management in Harbin, China

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Chinese forestry Science and Technology 2011年第Z1期10卷 26-37页

作者： BAI Xiuping1 WU Keyi2 ZHAO Debin2 ZHOU Jinbei31. Research Institute of forestry Policy and Information, Chinese Academy of forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. China2. Harbin forestry Bureau, Harbin 150008, P. R. China3. Danqinghe Experiment forest Farm, Yilan 154800, P. R. China

Different Forest management modes definitely create different results. A study of social benefits nurtured by scientific Forest management had been conducted in 1998-2008 with Danqinghe Experiment forest Farm, Zhuanshan Experiment forest Farm and Shanhe Experiment forest Farmtogether as the project area. The method that was centered on quantification and supplemented byqualification was employed to compare the social benefits of forests separately under the scientificmanagement model and the traditional management model. The study illustrated the huge social benefits produced by scientific Forest management with detailed data.

关键词： Forest management social benefit selective cutting people’s livelihood Harbin China

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Cost-Benefit Analysis on forest Certification for Forest management and forestry Industry Development in China

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Chinese forestry Science and Technology 2010年第4期9卷 1-8页

作者： ZHAO Jie LI Zhongkui HU Yanjie Research Institute of forestry Policy and Information, Chinese Academy of forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. China

The paper is based on the summarization of forest certification development to analyze and describe how forest certification promotes and pushes the setup of forest resources management model, Forest management level and collective forest tenure reform. In terms of breaking green trade barrier, upgrading international competitiveness of forest products, facilitating forestry enterprise growth, etc, it elaborated the role of forest certification in promoting forestry industry development. The authors also made an objective analysis on the costs and risks that China has to bear for conducting forest certification. Based on the comprehensive analysis on benefits and costs, the authors presented the specific recommendations on how China would conduct forest certification.

关键词： forest certification Forest management forestry industry cost-benefit analysis

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