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Grassland management practices in Chinese steppes impact productivity, diversity and the relationship

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2018年第1期5卷 57-63页

作者： Yingjun ZHANG Wenjie LU Hao ZHANG Jiqiong ZHOU Yue SHEN Department of Grassland Science China Agricultural University

Grasslands are crucial parts of the terrestrial ecosystem, with an extremely high differentiation of productivity and diversity across spatial scales and land use patterns. The practices employed to manage grassland,such as grazing, haymaking, fertilization or reseeding, can improve the grassland condition. This study focuses on the changes in productivity and diversity and the relationship between them as affected by management *** and diversity have unequivocally been altered in response to different management practices. When grazing intensity of a typical steppe increased from 1.5 to 9 sheep per hectare, both productivity and diversity *** grazing intensity(6 to 9 sheep per hectare)accelerated loss of diversity because of lower *** was significantly improved but diversity was lost by fertilizing. N fertilization also reduced the sensitivity of diversity to productivity. A similar response was found in mown grassland with increased productivity and diversity but their relationship was negatively *** also slowed down the decline in diversity as productivity increased. Reseeding purple-flowered alfalfa led to an increased diversity, while yellow-flowered alfalfa increased productivity significantly. The negative productivity-diversity relationship was transformed to a positive one by reseeding alfalfa. These results enhance understanding of how productivity, diversity and their relationships change in response to altered grassland management practices, and support an integrated approach for improving both productivity and diversity.

关键词： diversity fertilizing grassland management practice grazing mowing productivity reseeding

Effect of exogenous progesterone on cumulus characteristics of buffalo oocytes by allowing passage of more number of sperm through cumulus but not essentially fertilization

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2018年第2期7卷 79-86页

作者： Madhusmita Panda Asmita Sandeep Kumar Purusottam Mishra Mahesh Chandra Sahu Sachinandan De Tirtha Kumar Datta Rakesh Kumar Nodal Officer Chief District Veterinary OfficeKadambedaBhadrak756100OdishaIndia Institute of Microbial Technology Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchChandigarhIndia BSL-4 National Institute of VirologySus RoadPashanPune-411021India Goat Breeding Farm AT/PO-SalapadaDistrict-KeonjharPin code-758020State-OdishaIndia Directorate of Medical Research IMS and SUM HospitalSiksha'O'Anusandhan UniversityK8Kalinga NagarBhubaneswar-751003OdishaIndia Animal Biotechnology Centre National Dairy Research InstituteKarnal132001HaryanaIndia

Objective:To understand the level of progesterone (P4) in different quality of buffalo cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) and further to evaluate the effect of exogenous P4 supplementation on maturation and subsequent developmental ability of poor quality brilliant cresyl blue (BCB-)***: Progesterone secreted by different quality of buffalo oocytes was estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and the concentration differences were translated into P4 doses to be incorporated in the maturation medium of BCB-ve COCs followed by expression analysis of genes involved in the cumulus expansion, extracellular matrix disintegration and progesterone receptor signalling. In addition, the study also evaluated the effect of exogenous P4 on sperm-cumulus interaction. Results: More than 10-fold up-regulated expression of progesterone receptor in P4 supplemented oocytes signified that P4 might be acting predominantly through this receptor. Also, exogenous P4 supplementation had significant effect on transcatheter arterial chemoembolization protease regulated by P4-progesterone receptor pathway which in turn had an important role in extracellular matrix disintegration. On the contrary, cumulus expansion genesHAS2,TNFAIP6,AREG were not altered upon P4 supplementation. Also, it was observed that P4 addition did facilitate passage of significantly more number of spermatozoa through P4 treated cumulus cells. Further, incorporation of different doses of P4 did not improve significantly the cleavage and blastocyst rates of BCB-ve ***: Different qualities of buffalo COCs secrete substantially diverse levels of P4, and its supplementation has a role in oocyte maturation via modulation of cumulus characteristics but perhaps not fertilization.

关键词： BCB screening Progesterone Sperm cumulus interaction fertilizing ability

Experimental Study of Design and Implementation of Small-Scale Biogas Digest System

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Energy and Power Engineering 2022年第3期14卷 156-165页

作者： Saeed J. Almalowi Fatma A. Jobran College of Engineering Mechanical Engineering Department Taibah University AlMadinah Almunwwarah KSA College of Family Science Interior Design Department Taibah University AlMadinah Almunwwarah KSA

The main purpose of this study is to design and implement a small-scale biogas digest system, which can provide a certain amount of natural gas (N.G.). The percentage of methane gases emissions according to the various research studies is around 25% of the total emission gases of the waste materials. For all industrialized nations, food waste costs approximately $680 billion/year. The dramatic increase in population and the waste of organic and non-organic materials lead to the use of biomass energy as the source of the renewable energy system to produce a natural gas (N.G.), which can be utilized in cooking or commercialized for the public. The burn out of the waste and the garbage materials causes tremendous pollution and global warming;however, utilizing the Biogas Digest System (BDS) will stop polluting the surrounding environment. The amount of natural gases production was measured for various atmospheric conditions. The important findings of this study are the amount of N.G., which can be increased by mixing two different types of organic waste materials.

关键词： Biogas Digest Organics fertilizing Biomass Energy System

Impacts of Residual Phosphorus on the Production of Cowpea in the Cerrado Region

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第4期9卷 645-658页

作者： Jair da Costa Gaspar Marileia Barros Furtado Welder José dos Santos Silva Isaías dos Santos Reis Nítalo André Farias Machado Maryzélia Furtado de Farias Jomar Livramento Barros Furtado Hosana Aguiar Freitas de Andrade Raquel da Silva Sobral Luisa Julieth Parra-Serrano Khalil de Menezes Rodrigues Raissa Rachel Salustriano Silva-Matos Center of Agrarian Sciences and Environmental Federal University of Maranhao Chapadinha Brazil Center of Agrarian Sciences Federal University of Piauí Teresina Brazil Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences State University Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho UNESP Sao Paulo Brazil Exact and Technological Science Center State University of Western Paraná Cascavel Brazil

Phosphate fertilizers when applied to the soil, besides being harvested by the crops, promote a residual effect that can be offered to subsequent crops. The objective of this research was to evaluate the residual effect of phosphate fertilization applied to maize cultivation on the successor crop, cowpea, in the Cerrado region in Maranhao. The research was carried out in the experimental area of Federal University of Maranhao (UFMA), located in the city of Chapadinha, MA (3°44'30"S, 43°21'37''W). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with six treatments and four replications. The treatments were composed of the following residual P doses: 0, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 kg·ha-1 of P2O5. The cultivation of cowpea (cultivar BRS guariba) was sown at a spacing of 1.0 × 0.20 m. The cowpea proved to be efficient in the use of residual phosphate fertilization, since it promoted grain yield close to the national average. The cultivation of cowpea in previously cultivated areas is feasible, in order to take advantage of the residual phosphate fertilization in the Cerrado of East of Maranhao. The phosphorus dose applied in the predecessor crop corresponding to 80 kg·ha-1 of P2O5 promoted higher grain yield (393.44 Mg·ha-1) and a greater profit margin (US $326.26). Thus, it is feasible to grow cowpea in previously cultivated areas, in order to take advantage of residual phosphate fertilization.

关键词： fertilizing Vigna unguiculata L. Walp Phosphate Fertilization Residue

RESEARCH ON KNOWLEDGE BASE OF WHEAT FERTILIZATION DECISION-MAKING

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RESEARCH ON KNOWLEDGE BASE OF WHEAT FERTILIZATION DECISION-M...

Leaf Photosynthetic Characteristics of High-Yield Soybean[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]Under Different Planting Densities,Different Fertilization Rates,and Single/Mixed Planting Patterns

Progress of Information Technology in Agriculture

作者： Yang Panhong Yang Jing College of Information Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Post Code: 030024 Taiyuan China

＜正＞ In course of production managing of wheat, fertilizing has a very important effect on growth of wheat. This paper describes and discusses how to build knowledge base of wheat fertilization decision-making and reasoning mechanism by expert system and knowledge base. Also, testing and verifying validity of data submitted by the users are discussed. The system can make decisions about amount of fertilizing and elements in soil depending on data submitted by the users.

关键词： wheat fertilizing expert system knowledge base

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2021年第3期10卷 26-33页

作者： Zhigang LI Xueyan BAO Xingdong YAO Agricultural School Inner Mongolia University for NationalitiesTongliao 028000China Agricultural School Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110000China

Understanding the photosynthetic characteristics of high-yield soybean[Glycine max(L.)Merr]cultivar(HYC)would aid research aiming at investigating the soybean high yield formation mechanism and optimization of cultivation *** assess the photosynthesis of HYC,a pot experiment was conducted to quantify the differences in photosynthetic characteristics between HYC and common-yield soybean cultivar(CC)under different planting densities,fertilization rates,and single/mixed planting *** leaf greenness(Lg),net photosynthetic rate(Ph),stomatal conductance(St)and transpiration rate(Tr)were significantly higher in HYC than CC mainly in seed-filling *** was more tolerant to dense and mixed planting because the decreases of Ph and St under high planting density and those of Ph,St,and Tr under mixed planting were lower in HYC than *** Lg and Ph in HYC were more superior to those in CC at high fertilization ***,the HYC has a superior performance in photosynthetic characteristics under the varied cultivation practices,which may contribute to the greater seed yield in HYC than CC.

关键词： High-yield soybean Photosynthesis Planting density fertilizing Planting pattern