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Changes in Tear-Film Status and Ocular Surface Disease Index Score Following Prolonged Use of face mask

Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2021年第4期11卷 253-265页

作者： Nawreen Binte Anwar Basil Anwar Arup Krishna Choudhury Mahfuza Rahman Khan Md. Anisur Rahman Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh National Institute of Ophthalmology & Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Vitreo-Retina Ispahani Islamia Eye Institute & Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Ophthalmology Combined Military Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Ophthalmology Dhaka Medical College & Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh

Background: Dry eye is characterized by tear film instability, decreased tear volume and a high Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score. face masks have been linked to dry eye complaints in recent studies. Purpose: To evaluate the changes in tear-film status and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score following prolonged use of face mask. Design: Cross-sectional study. Method: Patients between 18 to 70 years using masks regularly for at least 2 hours/day for at least 5 days/week from different eye-care centres in Dhaka were included. All subjects were divided into 4 groups. mask use lasted approximately 2 hours/day in Group 1, 4 hours/day in Group 2, 6 hours/day in Group 3 and 8 hours or more/day in Group 4. Evaluation of symptoms, tear- film stability and tear volume was done by Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores, Tear-film Break-Up Time (TBUT) and Schirmer-1 test. Average of right & left eye’s Tear-film Break Up time (TBUT) and Schirmer-1 value were noted. Results: Total 100 patients were enrolled (n = 100). The TBUT (p face Disease Index (OSDI) score were significantly higher in patients using face-masks for longer time (p Conclusion: Patients who wore masks for prolonged time had tear film instability, reduced tear volume and higher Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score.

关键词： Tear-Film Break up Time Schirmer-1 Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) face-mask

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Dynamics of novel COVID-19 in the presence of Co-morbidity

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第2期7卷 138-160页

作者： Amit Kumar Saha Chandra Nath Podder Ashrafi Meher Niger Department of Mathematics University of DhakaDhaka1000Bangladesh

A novel coronavirus(COVID-19)has emerged as a global serious public health issue from December 2019.People having a weak immune system are more susceptible to coronavirus infection.It is a double challenge for people of any age with certain underlying medical conditions including cardiovascular disease,diabetes,high blood pressure and cancer etc.Co-morbidity increases the probability of COVID-19 complication.In this paper a deterministic compartmental model is formulated to understand the transmission dynamics of COVID-19.Rigorous mathematical analysis of the model shows that it exhibits backward bifurcation phenomenon when the basic reproduction number is less than unity.For the case of no re-infection it is shown that having the reproduction number less than one is necessary and sufficient for the effective control of COVID-19,that is,the disease free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when the reproduction threshold is less than unity.Furthermore,in the absence of reinfection,a unique endemic equilibrium of the model exists which is globally asymptotically stable whenever the reproduction number is greater than unity.Numerical simulations of the model,using data relevant to COVID-19 transmission dynamics,show that the use of efficacious face masks publicly could lead to the elimination of COVID-19 up to a satisfactory level.The study also shows that in the presence of co-morbidity,the disease increases significantly.

关键词： COVID-19 Co-morbidity face-mask

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Effect of awareness,quarantine and vaccination as control strategies on COVID-19 with Co-morbidity and Re-infection

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第4期7卷 660-689页

作者： Amit Kumar Saha Shikha Saha Chandra Nath Podder Department of Mathematics University of DhakaDhaka1000Bangladesh Department of Mathematics Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology(BUET)Dhaka1000Bangladesh

In this paper,a deterministic compartmental model is presented to assess the impact of vaccination and non-pharmaceutical interventions(social distance,awareness,face mask,and quarantine)on the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 with co-morbidity and reinfection.An expression for the basic reproduction number is then derived for this model.Theoretical analysis shows that the model exhibits backward bifurcation phenomenon when the basic reproduction number is less than unity.But for the case of no reinfection,the model has a globally asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium(DFE)when the basic reproduction number is less than unity.Furthermore,it is shown that in the case of no re-infection,a unique endemic equilibrium point(EEP)of the model exists which is globally asymptotically stable whenever the reproduction number is greater than unity.From the global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis,we have identified mask coverage,mask efficacy,vaccine coverage,vaccine efficacy,and contact rate as the most influential parameters influencing the spread of COVID-19.Numerical simulation results show that the use of effective vaccines with proper implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions could lead to the elimination of COVID-19 from the community.Numerical simulations also suggest that the control strategy that ensures a continuous and effective mass vaccination program is the most cost-effective control strategy.The study also shows that in the presence of any co-morbidity and with the occurrence of re-infection,the disease burden may increase.

关键词： COVID-19 Co-morbidity face-mask Quarantine Vaccination Optimal control Re-infection

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A Secure Model for Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 in Bangladesh

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E-Health Telecommunication Systems and Networks 2022年第1期11卷 34-46页

作者： Shaznin Sultana Raisa Tahsin Taspia Md. Farhad Hossain Md. Nahiduzzaman Roksana Akter Rashed Mazumder ICT Bangladesh University of Professionals Dhaka Bangladesh CSE Southeast University Dhaka Bangladesh IIT Jahangirnagar University Savar Union Bangladesh

An alarmingly high mortality and morbidity rate has been observed in COVID-19. As a new disease (similar group of SARS-CoV 2), it has been spread to more than two hundred countries and millions of people. However, COVID-19 infection is increasing in Bangladesh also. Therefore, an effective public health response is needed to control the outbreak of the mentioned new disease. If this high increasing factor turns out of control then it provides potential negative impact on social, economic, and political life of Bangladeshi people. One of the most effective ways to reduce or prevent the growth of COVID-19 is to wear masks. Many variants of COVID-19 are available in the world currently. Latest, there is a variant of omicron. This variant is too infectious. It means the vaccine seems to be not perfect against this deadliest disease COVID-19. However, people are not conscious enough about this matter generally. Nowadays, they are very reluctant to wear a mask. Their main thought is to get vaccinated and it can protect themselves. Definitely, the vaccine can protect at a certain level. However, Omicron proves that vaccine is not the ultimate solution. But, we can protect ourselves to wear a mask and keeping physical distance. This is the borderline of our research work. In this work, we proposed a system that will monitor the people who are outside the home/office via a close circuit camera. It evaluates whether the people are mask-free or not. If one does not wear a mask then an image will be captured and compared with database of national-data center for example NID server. As sensitive data, it needs security and protection. Hence, we adopt a cryptographic solution such as authenticated encryption or tag generation. As a result, receiver will be assured that a valid sender provides data to the valid receiver. The goal of this system proposal is to ensure wear face masks. As well, people will be punished based on the findings of mask-wearing. Furthermore, message authentication or tag generation secures sensitive inf

关键词： face-mask COVID-19 Awareness Public Health MAC Hash

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Ten Rules Preventing COVID-19

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2020年第3期10卷 123-128页

作者： Iraj Salehi-Abari Shabnam Khazaeli Rheumatology Research Center Faculty of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran General Practitioner Genetic Consultant Toronto Canada

The new Coronavirus disease or COVID-19 is a contagious viral/immunological systemic disorder with predominantly respiratory features caused by human infection with SARS-CoV-2, which is rapidly spreading from person-to-person all around the world as a pandemic. As long as there is no effective vaccine available to prevent this disease and no definitive treatment is provided to cure it, it is better to prevent this disease by following a series of principles, which are: home quarantine of asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 patients and hospitalization of severe cases, physical distancing, staying at home, handwashing, cleaning and disinfecting high-touch surfaces, face-mask using, cough and sneeze covering, healthy nutritious diet along with the routine life activities and daily exercise, video communication by phone/online with family, and finally practice to relieve stress/anxiety.

关键词： Quarantine Telemedicine Physical Distancing Prevention COVID-19 face-mask Handwashing High-Touch Surfaces

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