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Application of Renneted Skim Milk as a fat Mimetics in Nonfat Yoghurt

Food and Nutrition Sciences 2011年第6期2卷 541-548页

作者： Marjan Nouri Hamid Ezzatpanah Soleiman Abbasi Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran 14515.775 Iran

For a long time, fermented dairy products have been consumed for human’s nutrition and health. Recently, consumption of whole dairy products, such as full fat yoghurt, has declined due to the awareness of probable harmful effects of fat on consumers’ health, resulting change of market interest in favor of low or non fat dairy products. It is a challenge for food scientists to produce a suitable fat substitute providing the functionality of the missing fat. The present investigation was carried out to examine the effect of 0 to 50% renneted skim milk (RSM) as a fat mimetic upon the physico-chemical, physical, rheological and sensory characteristics of nonfat yoghurt in comparison to control samples (full fat and skim yoghurt). By increasing RSM content, the chemical characteristics (titratable acidity, pH as well as the content of fat and total protein) of yoghurts did not alter except decrease of total solid in sample with 50% RSM. The yoghurts with more content of RSM exhibited higher b*and a* values, while the highest L* value, viscosity, water holding capacity (WHC), firmness and lowest syneresis were found in sample containing 30% RSM. It seems that new interaction in gel network of yoghurts containing RSM, exhibited greater ability to bind water than control skim yoghurt. In addition, probably new bridges between milk proteins (interacting partially hydrolyzed casein with casein) can increase the number of bounds between protein particles leading to lower syneresis. However, excessive RSM content (higher than 30%) did not increase the L* value, viscosity and WHC of samples probably because of too much aggregation of casein. Sensory results revealed that sample containing 30% RSM was exactly alike to full fat yoghurt in terms of overall sensory attributes. New formulation of palatable skim yoghurt was developed using 3% RSM successfully.

关键词： Casein fat Mimetics Renneted Skim Milk (RSM) Skim Yoghurt

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Effect of mango seed kernel extract on the adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in rats fed a high fat diet

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Health 2013年第8期5卷 9-15页

作者： Mai Kobayashi Isao Matsui-Yuasa Maiko Fukuda-Shimizu Yoshinobu Mandai Masaki Tabuchi Hiroshi Munakata Akiko Kojima-Yuasa Department of Biochemistry Kinki University Medical School Osaka-Sayama Japan Department of Food and Human Health Sciences Graduate School of Human Life Science Osaka City University Osaka Japan Nitta Gelatin Inc. Yao Japan

Mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) are one of the most important tropical foods. The seed is one of the main by-products of mango processing. Therefore, it is important to find an economically viable use for this waste (e.g., as a food additive or supplement with high nutraceutical value). We investigated the anti-obesity effects of mango seed kernel extract with hot water (MSKE-W) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in a high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity rat model. MSKE-W caused a significant decrease in the activity of glycerol 2-phosphate dehydrogenase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes without eliciting cell cytotoxicity and inhibited cellular lipid accumulation through down-regulation of transcription factors such as PPARγ and C/EBPα. In the animal model, rats fed an HFD containing 1% MSKE-W gained less weight than rats fed an HFD alone. The visceral fat mass in rats fed an HFD containing 1% MSKE-W tended to be lower than that in rats fed an HFD alone. Furthermore, histological examination of rat livers from an HFD showed steatohepatitis. However, rats on an HFD containning 1% MSKE-W showed no histopathological changes in liver tissue. Our results indicate that MSKE-W influences anti-obesity effects, both in vitro and in vivo, and suggest that MSKE-W provides a novel preventive potential against obesity.

关键词： Mago Seed Kernel Glycerol 2-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GPDH) Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) High fat Diet-Induced Obesity Rat Model 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

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Hypolipidemic Activity of Olive Oil (Olea europaea) against High fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Mice

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Open Journal of Pathology 2015年第3期5卷 73-83页

作者： Farooq Ahmed Wani Abdalla Z. Albahrawy Shaik Rahiman Department of Pathology College of Medicine Aljouf University Aljouf Saudi Arabia Department of Biology College of Science Aljouf University Aljouf Saudi Arabia Department of Biochemistry College of Medicine Aljouf University Aljouf Saudi Arabia

Aim: The aim of the present study is to access the effect of olive oil supplementation against high fat diet induced fatty liver disease in mice. Methods: Mice were divided into five groups: Group I (normal diet), Group II (high fat diet), Group III (olive oil), Group IV and V (High fat Diet along with olive oil). All mice were fed for 16 weeks with weight measurements every 2 weeks and then sacrificed. Biochemical analysis of blood samples was done and mice livers were histologically examined. Results: Group II mice showed significant increase in body weight as compared with Group I (p fat in liver. Therefore, olive oil may represent a potential therapeutic alternative for NAFLD and other fatty diseases.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty Liver Disease Olive Oil High fat Diet Liver

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Impact of Particle Size, Thermal Processing, fat Inclusion and Moisture Addition on Pellet Quality and Protein Solubility of Broiler Feeds

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2013年第12期3卷 1017-1028页

作者： Keysuke Muramatsu Alex Maiorka Isabel Cristina Mores Vaccari Renata Nuernberg Reis Fabiano Dahlke Adelar Almeida Pinto Uislei Antonio Dias Orlando Marcelo Bueno Momca Imagawa Department of Animal Production Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science Universidade Federal do Parana Curitiba80035-050 Brazil Department of Animal Production Faculty of Animal Sciences lnstituto Federal Goiano Rio Verde 75901-970 Brazil Animal Science Researchers Curitiba 82305-100 Brazil Department of Animal Production Faculty of Agronomy and Animal Science Universidade Federal Santa CatarinaFlorian6polis 88034-000 Brazil

The present study evaluated the effect of feed particle size, thermal processing, several levels of fat inclusion and moisture addition on pellet quality and protein solubility in potassium hydroxide （KOH） in a corn, soybean meal and animal by products based broiler diets. The different processing factors were combined in a 2 x 4 x 4 x 2 factorial arrangement in an eight randomized block consisting of eight production series： two particle sizes （coarse： 1,041 microns and medium： 743 microns）, four fat inclusion levels at the mixer （15, 25, 35 and 45 g/kg of feed）, four moisture addition levels in the conditioner （0, 7, 14 and 21 g/kg of feed） and two thermal processing treatments （conditioner-pellet press treatment or conditioner-expander-pellet treatment） which resulted in 64 different processed feeds. For the determination of the pellet durability index （PDI）, the amount of intact pellets and protein solubility determinations, eight feed samples （replicates） were collected for each treatment. The data were transformed using a variation of Box-Cox transformation in order to fit a normal distribution （p 〉 0.05）. Adding moisture up to 21 g/kg of feed in the conditioner improved pellet quality of the diets （p 〈 0.05）. Expansion of diets before pelleting improved （P 〈 0.05） PDI and amount of intact pellets by 26% and 31%, respectively, as compared to a simple conditioning-pelleting feed processing. Expander treatment （at 110 ℃） decreased （p 〈 0.05） protein solubility in KOH from 686 g/kg to 643 g/kg total protein as compared to pelleting process （at 80-82 ℃）. The amount of intact pellets reduced from 773 g/kg to 746 g/kg of feed （/7 〈 0.05） as particle size increased from medium to coarse grinding. Pellet quality was significantly reduced with fat inclusion levels higher than 35 g/kg of diet.

关键词： Pellet feed moisture fat thermal.

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The Main and Interactive Effects of fat and Salt Contents of the Diet on Characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome in Male Wistar Rats

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第6期11卷 196-209页

作者： Alireza Jahan-Mihan Kea Schwarz Leila Ninya Tatyana Kimble Department of Nutrition and Dietetics University of North Florida Jacksonville FL USA Life Care Centers of Orange Park Orange Park Clay County FL USA Morrison Healthcare at University of Florida Health Gainesville FL USA University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA

The current Western diet contains high amounts of salt and fat. High salt and fat diets are known to have negative impacts on food intake (FI), body weight (BW), body composition (BC), glucose metabolism, and blood pressure. These factors have been studied as separate entities, but the main and interactive effects of dietary salt and fat received little study. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of sodium and fat content of the diet on FI, BW, and BC in male Wistar rats. Male Wistar Rats (n = 48) were allocated into 4 groups (n = 12) and received the following diets: 1. Normal sodium normal fat, 2. Normal sodium high fat, 3. High sodium normal fat, and 4. High sodium high-fat diet for 12 weeks. BW and FI were measured weekly. BC and organs’ weight were recorded post-termination. Regardless of sodium content, a greater FI was observed in normal-fat diet groups compared with high-fat diet groups. However, higher BW and fat (%) were observed in high-fat diet groups. Fasting blood glucose was higher in rats fed normal fat diets compared with those fed high-fat diets. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was lower in rats fed either high fat, high salt, or normal fat, normal salt diet. In conclusion, fat but not salt content in the diet is a determining factor in the regulation of FI and body weight. Moreover, glucose metabolism can be influenced by both the fat and salt content of the diet.

关键词： fat Sodium Food Intake Body Weight Metabolic Syndrome Blood Pressure

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General Theory of Body Contouring: 1. Processes of Quick and Slow Modulation of Subcutaneous fat Tissue

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2014年第2期4卷 107-116页

作者： Ilja L. Kruglikov Wellcomet GmbH Karlsruhe Germany

It is shown that modulation of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) volume after application of different physical factors in body contouring procedures cannot be characterized by a single physiological reaction with dispersed reaction times, supposing that several different dynamic processes with different characteristic reaction times must be involved. Quick modulation of sWAT with characteristic times of 103 - 105 s must be connected with such processes as hyaluronan production and consequent water retention in the tissue, as well as with reversible modulation of its mechanical properties. It is supposed that slow processes with characteristic times of up to 3 × 106 s can be caused by modulation of lipolytic activity of adipocytes through changesin their micro-environment or through their transdifferentiation, as well as through death and removal of adipocytes from sWAT.

关键词： Body Contouring Characteristic Reaction Time Subcutaneous fat Tissue Volume Modulation Hyaluronan

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Relation between serum progranulin, inflammatory markers and visceral fat in childhood obesity

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第12期4卷 1030-1038页

作者： Nagwa Abdallah Ismail Shadia Ragab Abeer Nour Eldin Abd El Baky Mona Hamed Dina F. Ayoub Department of Clinical Pathology National Research Center Cairo Egypt Pediatrics’ Department National Research Center Cairo Egypt

Aim: To study serum progranulin (PGRN) level in children with obesity and its relationship to inflamamatory markers and visceral fat. Methods: Fifty obese children and 50 controls aged 10-18 years were recruited. Demographic, anthropometric and biochemical features were collected according to a standard protocol. Serum progranulin levels, serum IL-6 and hsCRP were measured using ELISA. Insulin resistance was calculated by the homeostasis model (HOMA-IR) using the following formula: HOMA-IR = fasting insulin (mU/L) × fasting glucose (mmoL/L)/ 22.5. The maximum visceral fat thickness (VFT) and the minimum subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) were measured by ultrasonography. Results: In the obese group, a significant increase was found in serum PGRN (48.87 ± 42.33 ng/mL) compared to control group (30.18 ± 23.82 ng/mL). Progranulin correlated significantly with VFT (r = 0.475), IL6 (r = 0.368), Insulin(r = 0.440) and HOMA-IR (r = 0.379). The mean serum progranulin in the high tertile VFT group was significantly higher than those in the low tertile and middle tertile groups (P = 0.030 and P = 0.039 respectively). VFT was highly positively correlated to progranulin, SFT, IL6, insulin, HOMA-IR and hsCRP (P = 0.001, 0.000, 0.001, 0.001, 0.003 and 0.003). However, the correlation coefficient between SFT and progranulin was insignificant. Summary: we demonstrated for the first time that serum PGRN concentrations increased in Egyptian obese children. The concentrations of serum PGRN correlated closely with visceral fat and IL6. Conclusion: PGRN may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in obesity. It could be a novel marker of visceral fat in obesity. Thus PGRN could be a potential therapeutic target for management of chronic inflammation in obesity.

关键词： Progranulin Obesity Visceral fat Insulin Resistance IL6

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Dietary fat intake of Japanese male children and its associated factors: Results of the 1995 National Nutrition Survey in Japan

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Health 2012年第12期4卷 1396-1404页

作者： Minako Koga Kohta Suzuki Yasuhisa Takeda Naoki Kondo Yasuhiro Matsumura Shigenori Oguri Akira Okayama Hiroshi Yanagawa Zentaro Yamagata Department of Health Economics and Epidemiology Research University of Tokyo School of Public Health Tokyo Japan Department of Health Sciences Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering University of Yamanashi Yama- nashi Japan Department of International Medical Cooperation National Center for Global Health and Medicine Tokyo Japan Department of Public Health Jichi Medical University Tochigi Japan Faculty of Health and Nutrition Bunkyo University Kanagawa Japan Faculty of Health and Nutrition Yamanashi Gakuin University Yamanashi Japan Takao-Hospital Kyoto Japan The First Institute for Health Promotion and Health Care Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association [JATA] Tokyo Japan

Aim: To clarify the factors associated with reported dietary fat intake by Japanese male children. Methods: This study is based on the data of a nationally representative cross-sectional study in Japan. Three hundred and seventy-seven male children (age, 6 - 11 years) whose households were sampled in the 1995 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions of the People on Health and Welfare, and the 1995 National Nutrition Survey and whose parents were identified through record linkage between the 2 survey data sets were enrolled. Results: The final dataset in this study consisted of 377 boys with 329 of their parents. Fifty-two boys were found to be overweight (13.8%). The reported dietary fat intake was higher among the overweight boys than among the non-overweight boys. Maternal obesity was significantly associated with obesity in male children. Boys who frequently consumed foods from the “fats and lipids” group and the “meat” groups, and children from nuclear families rather than 3- generation families reported high dietary fat intake. In addition, parental fat intake was also significantly associated with fat intake of male children. Conclusions: Child and parental dietary habits along with the household status should be considered when implementing nutritional education programmes to control dietary fat intake and reduce the obesity risks of male children.

关键词： Childhood Obesity Dietary fat Intake National Nutrition Survey Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions of the People on Health and Welfare

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Dietary fat Intake, Micronutritient and Obesity among Adolescent in Tlemcen (Western Algeria)

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第10期6卷 860-868页

作者： Meryem Allioua Rabah Djaziri Moustafa Yassine Mahdad Semir Bechir Suheil Gaouar Harek Derradji Boumediene Moussa Boudjemaa Slimane Belbraouet Laboratory of Applied Microbiology in Food in Biomedical and Environmental (LAMAABE) Department of Biology Faculty of Natural Science and Life University of Tlemcen Tlemcen Algeria Laboratory of Antibiotic and Antifungal Physico-Chemistry Synthesis and Biological Activity (LAPSAB) Department of Biology Faculty of Natural Science and Life University of Tlemcen Tlemcen Algeria Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition (PPABIONUT) Department of Biology Faculty of Natural Science and Life University of Tlemcen Tlemcen Algeria National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA) Algiers Algiers Algeria Ecole de Nutrition Université de Moncton Moncton Canada

Background: A number of epidemiological studies around the world have shown that the occurred and the high prevalence of some chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, etc. are mainly caused by a high calorie and unbalanced diet associate with reduced physical activity. In Algeria, as in many emerging countries to improve the standard of living of the population and changes in lifestyle, more westernized characterized by abundant food and sedentary lifestyle especially among young people contribute to the increased incidence of these chronic diseases. Objectives: This work consists of a dietary survey conducted among adolescent boys and girls in Tlemcen (Algeria). Subject and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of dietary intake of adolescent aged 10 - 17 years and anthropometric parameters: weight, height, body mass index. Results: Increased fat intake was associated with increased body mass index in both sexes, increased obesity and abdominal obesity in girls, boys are more active than girls and we observed decreased intake of sugar, the nutritient adequacy ratio of folate, niacin, vitamin B6, iron, magnesium. Conclusion: The early prevention of obesity in children and adolescents is essential in the prevention of chronic diseases in adults. We recommended adolescent by healthy diets towards helps regulate their body weight and reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and some types of cancer and especially the girls by lifestyle more active.

关键词： Adolescents fat Intake Micronutrient Body Mass Index Obesity

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Treatment of Steroid Induced Lipoatrophy with Structural fat Grafting

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Modern Plastic Surgery 2012年第1期2卷 5-7页

作者： Russell B. Stokes 不详

Background: Systemic corticosteroid injections are used to treat a variety of medical conditions. Inaccurate placement of intramuscular injections of corticosteroid can result in local lipoatrophy, and a resultant cosmetic deformity. Objective: Describe the condition, and a simple, reproducible method of correcting the volume deficiency and skin changes associated with steroid induced lipoatrophy Methods: A retrospective chart review was undertaken of all patients treated by the author for steroid induced lipoatrophy between June of 2005 and March of 2011. Results: Structural fat grafting was used to treat 11 patients with steroid induced lipoatrophy during this time period. 10 patients were female and one was male. 9 of the patients had atrophy of the buttock or hip, and 2 had atrophy of the upper extremity. All patients had satisfactory correction of their deformities, and only one of the patients required a second grafting session to achieve an adequate volume for complete correction. Conclusions: Structural fat grafting can eliminate the volume deficiency and skin changes associated with steroid induced lipoatrophy. It is a straightforward, well tolerated method for correcting a problem which can be quite cosmetically deforming.

关键词： Lpoatrophy fat Grafting Steroid

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