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Journal of Landscape Research 2024年第4期16卷 5-12页

作者： LIU Ruoxi WANG Xiaojun School of Architecture Southeast UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210096China

The landscape quality of urban parks is an important aspect of tourists'landscape experience.A full understanding of their relationship is beneficial to the park design,construction and *** this paper,Xiaohong Stone Carving Park in Nanjing was selected as a case ***,the subjective landscape visual quality evaluation of tourists was obtained through the scenic beauty evaluation,and the objective landscape visual preference of users was obtained through eye movement experiment and ***,the values of various park landscape elements were measured *** then the correlation between the subjective and objective evaluation and the values of park landscape elements was *** results showed that:(1)The visual preference of plant cluster landscape with beautiful shape,distinct layers and significant color contrast is high;(2)The preference for waterfront scenes with significant terrain differences,rich background vegetation levels,and clear and vivid water side reflections is high;(3)The designed artificial structures often become the focus of attention in the whole scene,which can improve the beauty of the scene;(4)The overall landscape composition is very important for the beauty of the ***,through the comprehensive analysis with the design expectation,the optimization strategy was proposed.

关键词： Urban park Landscape visual evaluation eye tracking

eye tracking and child sexual offenders:a systematic review

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Forensic Sciences Research 2021年第2期6卷 133-140页

作者： Tony Godet Gérard Niveau Unit of Forensic Psychiatry University center of Legal MedicineGeneva University hospitalsGenevaswitzerland

eye tracking is used in sexology to identify attractiveness and sexual desire *** systematic review summarizes results of works that have used eye tracking to analyse paedophilic interest in order to investigate its potential as a useful forensic *** studies met the inclusion *** of them concerned a large study project and used approximatively the same sample of paedophiles(inpatients),forensic patients(without a sexual interest in children)and healthy controls to make comparisons between the three *** study added 11 self-declared paedophiles(outpatients)for a comparison between inpatient paedophiles,outpatient paedophiles and controls(healthy and forensic inpatients).One study compared a group of child sexual offenders with *** studies used static pictures of male and female subjects at different pubertal *** studies divided every picture into a different area of *** variables used are fixation latency(early attention)and relative fixation time,(later attention).Each study identified significant differences between the paedophile group versus other groups:shorter fixation latency on child pictures,longer fixation time on child pictures and number of fixation most important on child *** scores(age preference index and attentional control index)showed hight and/or moderate sensitivity and *** the results suggest the eye tracking can discriminate between paedophile interest and non-paedophile interest,there are too few studies on this specific topic and further research is needed with larger and different sample,carried out by different research *** these findings were confirmed,it remains unclear as to their impact in a forensic context when presented openly in Court.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic psychiatry eye tracking paedophiles sexual offenders systematic review

Reading comprehension based on visualization of eye tracking and EEG data

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2020年第11期63卷 276-289页

作者： Shiwei CHENG Yilin HU Jing FAN Qianjing WEI School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology

Using eye tracking technology can help us understand reading behavior. Furthermore, sharing the teacher’s eye tracking features resulted in improving the students’ comprehension of the same reading material [1]. On ... 详细信息

关键词： N/A null no key words eye tracking EEG

Sampling strong tracking nonlinear unscented Kalman filter and its application in eye tracking

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Chinese Physics B 2010年第10期19卷 324-332页

作者：张祖涛张家树 School of Mechanical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Signal & Information Processing Southwest Jiaotong University

The unscented Kalman filter is a developed well-known method for nonlinear motion estimation and tracking. However, the standard unscented Kalman filter has the inherent drawbacks, such as numerical instability and much more time spent on calculation in practical applications. In this paper, we present a novel sampling strong tracking nonlinear unscented Kalman filter, aiming to overcome the difficulty in nonlinear eye tracking. In the above proposed filter, the simplified unscented transform sampling strategy with n＋ 2 sigma points leads to the computational efficiency, and suboptimal fading factor of strong tracking filtering is introduced to improve robustness and accuracy of eye tracking. Compared with the related unscented Kalman filter for eye tracking, the proposed filter has potential advantages in robustness, convergence speed, and tracking accuracy. The final experimental results show the validity of our method for eye tracking under realistic conditions.

关键词： unscented Kalman filter strong tracking filtering sampling strong tracking nonlinearunscented Kalman filter eye tracking

Perceptual complexity of soil-landscape maps: a user evaluation of color organization in legend designs using eye tracking

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2017年第6期10卷 560-581页

作者： Arzu Coltekin Alzbeta Brychtova Amy L.Griffin Anthony C.Robinson Mark Imhof Chris Pettit Department of Geography University of ZurichZürichSwitzerland School of Physical Environmentaland Mathematical SciencesUNSWCanberraAustralia GeoVISTA Center Department of GeographyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePAUSA Department of Economic Development JobsTransport and ResourceState Government of VictoriaAgriculture Victoria City Futures Research Centre University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia

We compared the ability of two legend designs on a soil-landscape map to efficiently and effectively support map reading tasks with the goal of better understanding how the design choices affect user *** such knowledge is essential to design effective interfaces for digital earth *** of the two legends contained an alphabetical ordering of categories,while the other used a perceptual grouping based on the Munsell color *** tested the two legends for 4 tasks with 20 experts(in geography-related domains).We analyzed traditional usability metrics and participants’eye movements to identify the possible reasons behind their success and failure in the experimental ***,an overwhelming majority of the participants failed to arrive at the correct responses for two of the four tasks,irrespective of the legend ***,participants’prior knowledge of soils and map interpretation abilities led to interesting performance differences between the two legend *** discuss how participant background might have played a role in performance and why some tasks were particularly hard to solve despite participants’relatively high levels of experience in map *** on our observations,we caution soil cartographers to be aware of the perceptual complexity of soil-landscape maps.

关键词： Soil-landscape maps legend design visual complexity color empirical study eye tracking

EasyGaze:Hybrid eye tracking approach for handheld mobile devices

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Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware 2022年第2期4卷 173-188页

作者： Shiwei CHENG Qiufeng PING Jialing WANG Yijian CHEN School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310023China

Background eye-tracking technology for mobile devices has made significant ***,owing to limited computing capacity and the complexity of context,the conventional image feature-based technology cannot extract features accurately,thus affecting the *** This study proposes a novel approach by combining appearance-and feature-based eye-tracking *** and eye region detections were conducted to obtain features that were used as inputs to the appearance model to detect the feature *** feature points were used to generate feature vectors,such as corner center-pupil center,by which the gaze fixation coordinates were *** To obtain feature vectors with the best performance,we compared different vectors under different image resolution and illumination conditions,and the results indicated that the average gaze fixation accuracy was achieved at a visual angle of 1.93°when the image resolution was 96×48 pixels,with light sources illuminating from the front of the *** Compared with the current methods,our method improved the accuracy of gaze fixation and it was more usable.

关键词： eye movement Gaze estimation Fixation Human-computer interaction eye tracking

A novel strong tracking finite-difference extended Kalman filter for nonlinear eye tracking

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Science in China(Series F) 2009年第4期52卷 688-694页

作者： ZHANG ZuTao ZHANG JiaShu School of Mechanical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China Sichuan Key Lab of Signal and Information Processing Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China

Non-intrusive methods for eye tracking are important for many applications of vision-based human computer interaction. However, due to the high nonlinearity of eye motion, how to ensure the robust- ness of external interference and accuracy of eye tracking poses the primary obstacle to the integration of eye movements into today＇s interfaces. In this paper, we present a strong tracking finite-difference extended Kalman filter algorithm, aiming to overcome the difficulty in modeling nonlinear eye tracking. In filtering calculation, strong tracking factor is introduced to modify a priori covariance matrix and improve the accuracy of the filter. The filter uses finite-difference method to calculate partial derivatives of nonlinear functions for eye tracking. The latest experimental results show the validity of our method for eye tracking under realistic conditions.

关键词： strong tracking finite-difference extended Kalman filter (STFDEKF) eye tracking extended Kalman filter (EKF) suboptimal fadingfactor

A strong tracking nonlinear robust filter for eye tracking

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控制理论与应用（英文版） 2010年第4期8卷 503-508页

作者： Zutao ZHANG Jiashu ZHANG School of Mechanical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan 610031 China Sichuan Key Lab of Signal and Information Processing Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan 610031 China

Non-intrusive methods for eye tracking are important for many applications of vision-based human computer ***,due to the high nonlinearity of eye motion,how to ensure the robustness of external interference and accuracy of eye tracking pose the primary obstacle to the integration of eye movements into today＇s *** this paper,we present a strong tracking unscented Kalman filter （ST-UKF） algorithm,aiming to overcome the difficulty in nonlinear eye *** the proposed ST-UKF,the Suboptimal fading factor of strong tracking filtering is introduced to improve robustness and accuracy of eye *** with the related Kalman filter for eye tracking,the proposed ST-UKF has potential advantages in robustness and tracking *** last experimental results show the validity of our method for eye tracking under realistic conditions.

关键词： eye tracking Strong tracking unscented Kalman filter (ST-UKF) Unscented Kalman filter (UKF) Strong tracking filtering (STF)

A new real-time eye tracking based on nonlinear unscented Kalman filter for monitoring driver fatigue

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控制理论与应用（英文版） 2010年第2期8卷 181-188页

作者： Zutao ZHANG 1 , 2 , Jiashu ZHANG 2 (1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Sichuan 610031, China 2.Sichuan Key Lab of Signal and Information Processing, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Sichuan 610031, China) School of Mechanical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan China Sichuan Key Lab of Signal and Information Processing Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan China

A new scheme for driver fatigue detection is presented, which is based on the nonlinear unscented Kalman filter and eye tracking. Assuming a probability distribution than to approximate an arbitrary nonlinear function or transformation, eye nonlinear tracking can be achieved using an unscented transformation (UT), which adopts a set of deterministic sigma points to match the posterior probability density function of the eye movement. Driver fatigue can be detected using the percentage of eye closure (PERCLOS) framework in a realistic driving condition after the eye nonlinear tracking. This system was tested adequately in realistic driving environments with subjects of different genders, with/without glasses, in day/night driving, being commercial/noncommercial drivers, in continuous driving time, and under different road conditions. The last experimental results show that the proposed method not only improves the robustness for nonlinear eye tracking, but also can provide more accurate estimation than the traditional Kalman filter.

关键词： eye tracking Unscented Kalman filter (UKF) Fatigue detection PERCLOS

eye tracking during High Speed Navigation at Sea--Field Trial in Search of Navigational Gaze Behaviour

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2012年第3期2卷 277-283页

作者： Fredrik Forsman Anna Sjors-Dahlman Joakim Dahlman Torbjorn Falkmer Hoe C.Lee Shipping and Marine Technology Chalmers University of TechnologyGoteborgSweden Swedish Sea Rescue Society GoteborgSweden Rehabilitation Medicine Department of Medicine and Health Sciences(IMH)Faculty of Health SciencesLinkoping University&Pain and Rehabilitation CentreLinkopingSweden The Institute of Stress Medicine GoteborgSweden Department of Rehabilitation School of Health SciencesJonkoping UniversityJonkopingSweden School of Occupational Therapy&Social Work CHIRICurtin UniversityPerthAustralia School of Occupational Therapy La Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia

Purpose: Professional high speed sea navigational procedures are based on turn points, courses, dangers and steering cues in the environment. Since navigational aids have become less expensive and due to the fact that electronic sea charts can be integrated with both radar and transponder information, it may be assumed that traditional navigation by using paper based charts and radar will play a less significant role in the future, especially among less experienced navigators. Possible navigational differences between experienced and non-experienced boat drivers is thus of interest with regards to their use of navigational aids. It may be assumed that less experienced navigators rely too much on the information given by the electronic sea chart, despite the fact that it is based on GPS information that can be questioned, especially in littoral waters close to land. Method: This eye tracking study investigates gaze behaviour from 16 ex perienced and novice boat drivers during high speed navigation at sea. Results: The results show that the novice drivers look at objects that are close to themselves, like instrumentation, while the experienced look more at objects far away from the boat. This is in accordance with previous research on car drivers. Further, novice boat drivers used the electronic navigational aids to a larger extent than the experienced, especially during high speed conditions. The experienced drivers focused much of their attention on objects outside the boat. Conclusions: The findings verify that novice boat drivers tend to rely on electronic navigational aids. Experienced drivers presumably use the navigational aids to verify what they have observed in the surrounding environment and further use the paper based sea chart to a larger extent than the novice drivers.

关键词： eye tracking Navigation Driving Experience Vision