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Genomic Convergence in the Adaptation to extreme environments

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Plant Communications 2020年第6期1卷 4-17页

作者： Shaohua Xu Jiayan Wang Zixiao Guo Ziwen He Suhua Shi State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesKey Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina

Convergent evolution is especially common in plants that have independently adapted to the same extreme environments(i.e.,extremophile plants).The recent burst of omics data has alleviated many limitations that have hampered molecular convergence studies of non-model extremophile plants.In this review,we summarize cases of genomic convergence in these taxa to examine the extent and type of genomic convergence during the process of adaptation to extreme environments.Despite being well studied by candidate gene approaches,convergent evolution at individual sites is rare and often has a high false-positive rate when assessed in whole genomes.By contrast,genomic convergence at higher genetic levels has been detected during adaptation to the same extreme environments.Examples include the convergence of biological pathways and changes in gene expression,gene copy number,amino acid usage,and GC content.Higher convergence levels play important roles in the adaptive evolution of extremophiles and may be more frequent and involve more genes.In several cases,multiple types of convergence events have been found to co-occur.However,empirical and theoretical studies of this higher level convergent evolution are still limited.In conclusion,both the development of powerful approaches and the detection of convergence at various genetic levels are needed to further reveal the genetic mechanisms of plant adaptation to extreme environments.

关键词： convergent evolution plant genomes adaptive evolution extreme environments

Will high-entropy carbides and borides be enabling materials for extreme environments?

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International Journal of extreme Manufacturing 2023年第2期5卷 23-34页

作者： Fei Wang Frederic Monteverde Bai Cui Department of Mechanical&Materials Engineering University of Nebraska–LincolnLincolnNE 68588United States of America National Research Council of Italy—Institute of Science Technology and Sustainability for CeramicsI-48018 FaenzaItaly Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience University of Nebraska–LincolnLincolnNE 68588United States of America

The concept of multi-principal component has created promising opportunities for the development of novel high-entropy ceramics for extreme environments encountered in advanced turbine engines, nuclear reactors, and hypersonic vehicles, as it expands the compositional space of ceramic materials with tailored properties within a single-phase solid solution. The unique physical properties of some high-entropy carbides and borides, such as higher hardness, high-temperature strength, lower thermal conductivity, and improved irradiation resistance than the constitute ceramics, have been observed. These promising properties may be attributed to the compositional complexity, atomic-level disorder, lattice distortion, and other fundamental processes related to defect formation and phonon scattering.This manuscript serves as a critical review of the recent progress in high-entropy carbides and borides, focusing on synthesis and evaluations of their performance in extreme high-temperature, irradiation, and gaseous environments.

关键词： high-entropy ceramics high-entropy materials extreme environments ceramics

Research Progress on the Solder Joint Reliability of Electronics Using in Deep Space Exploration

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2023年第2期36卷 16-28页

作者： Qilong Guan Chunjin Hang Shengli Li Dan Yu Ying Ding Xiuli Wang Yanhong Tian State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Beijing Institute of Control Engineering Beijing 100190China

The spacecraft for deep space exploration missions will face extreme environments,including cryogenic temperature,intense radiation,wide-range temperature variations and even the combination of conditions mentioned above.Harsh environments will lead to solder joints degradation or even failure,resulting in damage to onboard electronics.The research activities on high reliability solder joints using in extreme environments can not only reduce the use of onboard protection devices,but effectively improve the overall reliability of spacecraft,which is of great significance to the aviation industry.In this paper,we review the reliability research on SnPb solder alloys,Sn-based lead-free solder alloys and In-based solder alloys in extreme environments,and try to provide some suggestions for the follow-up studies,which focus on solder joint reliability under extreme environments.

关键词： Deep space exploration extreme environments Solder joints Microstructure Electronics Reliability

Recent advances in optical fiber high-temperature sensors and encapsulation technique[Invited]

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Chinese Optics Letters 2023年第9期21卷 47-69页

作者：徐文杰卞强梁建桥王振丞于洋孟洲 Center of Material Science National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Photonics Laboratory Munich University of Applied SciencesMunich 80335Germany Institute for Measurement and Sensor Technology Technical University of MunichMunich 80333Germany College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China

In the aerospace field,for aerospace engines and other high-end manufacturing equipment working in extreme environments,like ultrahigh temperatures,high pressure,and high-speed airflow,in situ temperature measurement is of great importance for improving the structure design and achieving the health monitoring and the fault diagnosis of critical parts.Optical fiber sensors have the advantages of small size,easy design,corrosion resistance,anti-electromagnetic interference,and the ability to achieve distributed or quasi-distributed sensing and have broad application prospects for temperature sensing in extreme environments.In this review,first,we introduce the current research status of fiber Bragg grating-type and Fabry–Perot interferometer-type high-temperature sensors.Then we review the optical fiber hightemperature sensor encapsulation techniques,including tubular encapsulation,substrate encapsulation,and metalembedded encapsulation,and discuss the extreme environmental adaptability of different encapsulation structures.Finally,the critical technological issues that need to be solved for the application of optical fiber sensors in extreme environments are discussed.

关键词： optical fiber sensors high-temperature sensing encapsulation technique extreme environments

Nanostructured steels for advanced structural applications

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Materials Futures 2022年第1期1卷 97-100页

作者： H J Kong T Yang T L Zhang B X Cao C T Liu Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Material Science and EngineeringHong Kong Institute for Advanced StudyCity University of Hong KongHong KongPeople’s Republic of China

This vision summarizes the recent advancement of nanostructured steels foradvanced structural applications, foresees possible challenges and pinpoints futuredirections as well as opportunities in this new era of indus... 详细信息

关键词： nanostructured steels extreme environments advanced manufacturing shape memory

Porous Ultra-high Temperature Ceramics for Ultra-high Temperature Thermal Protection System

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China's Refractories 2020年第4期29卷 23-28页

作者： LI Fei LIU Jixuan ZHANG Guojun State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute of Functional MaterialsDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China

Ultra-high temperature ceramics(UHTCs)are a family of borides,carbides and nitrides of transition elements such as hafnium,zirconium,tantalum and niobium.They exhibit the highest known melting points,good mechanical strength,good chemical and thermal stability under certain conditions.In last decade,researchers dedicated to characterize porous UHTCs aiming to develop novel thermal insulating materials that could withstand temperatures over 2000℃.In this article,the preparation and characteristics of porous UHTCs were reviewed.Dry processing,colloidal processing and solution processing routes have been used to prepare porous UHTCs with porosities ranging from 5%to 97%and pore sizes ranging from hundreds of nanometers to hundreds of micrometers.The obtained porous UHTCs are chemically and dimensionally stable at temperatures up to 2000℃ during static state high-temperature thermal aging.

关键词： ultra-high temperature ceramics porous ceramics thermal protection system extreme environments