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environmental sampling of volatile organic compounds during the 2018 Camp Fire in Northern California

Journal of environmental Sciences 2021年第5期33卷 135-147页

作者： Leslie A.Simms Eva Borras Bradley S.Chew Bruno Matsui Mitchell M.McCartney Stephen K.Robinson Nicholas Kenyon Cristina E.Davis Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of CaliforniaDavisOne Shields Avenue2132 Bainer HallDavisCA 95616USA Institute for Space Research University of CaliforniaDavisOne Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616USA Department of Internal Medicine University of CaliforniaDavis4150V StreetSuite 3400SacramentoCA 95817USA VA Northern California Health Care System 10535 Hospital WayMatherCA 95655USA

Trace analysis of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) during wildfires is imperative for environmental and health risk assessment. The use of gas sampling devices mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) to chemically sample air during wildfires is of great interest because these devices move freely about their environment, allowing for more representative air samples and the ability to sample areas dangerous or unreachable by humans. This work presents chemical data from air samples obtained in Davis, CA during the most destructive wildfire in California's history-the 2018 Camp Fire – as well as the deployment of our sampling device during a controlled experimental fire while fixed to a UAV. The sampling mechanism was an in-house manufactured micro-gas preconcentrator(μPC) embedded onto a compact battery-operated sampler that was returned to the laboratory for chemical analysis. Compounds commonly observed in wildfires were detected during the Camp Fire using gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC–MS), including BTEX(benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m + p-xylene, and o-xylene), benzaldehyde, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, naphthalene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene and 1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene. Concentrations of BTEX were calculated and we observed that benzene and toluene were highest with average concentrations of 4.7 and 15.1 μg/m^(3), respectively. Numerous fire-related compounds including BTEX and aldehydes such as octanal and nonanal were detected upon experimental fire ignition, even at a much smaller sampling time compared to samples taken during the Camp Fire. Analysis of the air samples taken both stationary during the Camp Fire and mobile during an experimental fire show the successful operation of our sampler in a fire environment.

关键词： Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) Wildfire 2018 Camp Fire Micro preconcentrators environmental sampling Mobile VOC sampling

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Development of a loop‑mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of Austropeplea tomentosa from environmental water samples

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Animal Diseases 2023年第1期3卷 35-48页

作者： Lily Tran Vignesh A.Rathinasamy Travis Beddoe Department of Animal Plant and Soil SciencesSchool of AgricultureBiomedicine and EnvironmentLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVIC 3083Australia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article

Lymnaeid snails are key intermediate hosts for the development and survival of Fasciola spp.,the causative agent of Fascioliasis which are economically important parasites infecting humans and livestock *** current control method for treating Fascioliasis is heavily reliant on anthelmintic drugs,particularly Triclabendazole(TCBZ)which has resulted in drug-resistant parasites and poses significant risk as there are no long-term efficacious alternatives *** control measures at the farm level could include both parasite and snail control will play an important role in Fasciola *** and reduce the reliance on anthelmintic *** of such sustainable control measures requires effective identification of snails on the property however Lymnaeid snails are small and difficult to physically *** identification using an environmental DNA approach is a recent approach in which physically locating snails are not *** tomentosa,is the primary intermediate snail host for *** transmission in South-East Australia and we present an in-field loop-mediated isothermal amplification and water filtering method for the detection of *** eDNA from water samples to improve current surveillance *** methodology is highly sensitive with a detection limit of 5×10^(−6)ng/μL,detected in<20 minutes,with cumulative sample preparation and amplification time under 1 *** proposed workflow could assist in monitoring areas to determine the risk of Fascioliasis infection and implement strategies to manage snail populations to ultimately reduce the risk of infection for humans and livestock.

关键词： Fasciola spp. Snail Molecular detection DNA diagnostics LAMP environmental sampling eDNA

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Identifying the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and environmental Monitoring in Airborne Infectious Isolation Rooms(AIIRs)

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Virologica Sinica 2020年第6期35卷 785-792页

作者： Zhi-Gang Song Yan-Mei Chen Fan Wu Lin Xu Bang-Fang Wang Lei Shi Xiao Chen Fa-Hui Dai Jia-Lei She Jian-Min Chen Edward CHolmes Tong-Yu Zhu Yong-Zhen Zhang Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 201508China College of Marine Sciences South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Department of environmental Science and Engineering Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia

Healthcare workers(HCWs)are at high risk of occupational exposure to the new pandemic human coronavirus,SARSCoV-2,and are a source of nosocomial transmission in airborne infectious isolation rooms(AIIRs).Here,we performed comprehensive environmental contamination surveillance to evaluate the risk of viral transmission in AIIRs with 115 rooms in three buildings at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center,Shanghai,during the treatment of 334 patients infected with *** results showed that the risk of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in AIIRs was low(1.62%,25/1544)due to the directional airflow and strong environmental hygiene ***,we detected viral RNA on the surface of foot-operated openers and bathroom sinks in AIIRs(viral load:55.00–3154.50 copies/mL).This might be a source of contamination to connecting corridors and object surfaces through the footwear and gloves used by *** risk of infection was eliminated by the use of disposable footwear covers and the application of more effective environmental and personal hygiene *** the help of effective infection control procedures,none of 290 HCWs was infected when working in the AIIRs at this *** study has provided information pertinent for infection control in AIIRs during the treatment of COVID-19 patients.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Nosocomial transmission AIIRs environmental sampling

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