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Dynamics and hotspots of soil erosion and management scenarios of the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

International Journal of Sediment Research 2012年第1期27卷 84-99页

作者： Derege Tsegaye MESHESHA Atsushi TSUNEKAWA Mitsuru TSUBO Nigussie HAREGEWEYN Arid Land Research Center Tottori University Department of Land Resources Management and environmental Protection Mekelle University

Most of the lowland in the central rift valley of Ethiopia is arid or semiarid and in degradation,with frequent occurrence of *** erosion by water during the rainy season is a serious problem in the region,leading to declining agricultural production,decreased food security,and a sedimentation risk for water ***,there has been no systematic study of this problem or of possible management *** meet this need,we analyzed soil erosion rates from 1973 to 2006, identified erosion hotspots,and proposed possible soil conservation *** assessed the soil loss dynamicity using the universal soil-loss equation and geographical information system software, considering the land use change at the following three periods:1973,1985 and *** characterized the watershed in terms of the erosion severity,topography,and land use to identify hotspots and proposed,modeled,and evaluated various watershed management scenarios to mitigate the *** erosion increased markedly from 1973 to 2006,with annual rates of 31,38,and 56 t ha"1 in 1973,1985,and 2006,respectively,as a result of vegetation degradation and particularly the conversion of thousands of hectares of forest or woodland into *** observed soil erosion rates are far from the tolerable rate of soil loss of the country and hence require urgent soil conservation interventions,especially in the hotspot *** proposed eight scenarios for reducing soil losses and evaluated their *** degraded land（using exclosures and planted vegetation） and installing stone erosion-control structures（stone bund） in cropland reduced the total soil loss by 12.6%and 63.8%,*** hotspot areas with annual soil loss of more than 20 t ha;by integrated management（erosion-control structures and exclosures） was the most effective approach,reducing soil loss by 87.8%.

关键词： environmental rehabilitation Ethiopia Land degradation Soil conservation Soil erosion USLE model

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