Dynamics and hotspots of soil erosion and management scenarios of the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

作     者：Derege Tsegaye MESHESHA Atsushi TSUNEKAWA Mitsuru TSUBO Nigussie HAREGEWEYN 

作者机构：Arid Land Research CenterTottori University Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental ProtectionMekelle University 

出 版 物：《International Journal of Sediment Research》 (国际泥沙研究(英文版))

年 卷 期：2012年第27卷第1期

页      面：84-99页

核心收录：

学科分类：082802[工学-农业水土工程] 0709[理学-地质学] 0819[工学-矿业工程] 0907[农学-林学] 08[工学] 09[农学] 090707[农学-水土保持与荒漠化防治] 0828[工学-农业工程] 0708[理学-地球物理学] 0818[工学-地质资源与地质工程] 0903[农学-农业资源与环境] 0815[工学-水利工程] 0816[工学-测绘科学与技术] 

基　　金：supported by the Global Center of Excellence(COE) Program of the Ministry of Education Culture Sports Science and Technology of Japan Arid Land Research Center(ALRC) 

主　　题：Environmental rehabilitation Ethiopia Land degradation Soil conservation Soil erosion USLE model 

摘      要：Most of the lowland in the central rift valley of Ethiopia is arid or semiarid and in degradation,with frequent occurrence of *** erosion by water during the rainy season is a serious problem in the region,leading to declining agricultural production,decreased food security,and a sedimentation risk for water ***,there has been no systematic study of this problem or of possible management *** meet this need,we analyzed soil erosion rates from 1973 to 2006, identified erosion hotspots,and proposed possible soil conservation *** assessed the soil loss dynamicity using the universal soil-loss equation and geographical information system software, considering the land use change at the following three periods:1973,1985 and *** characterized the watershed in terms of the erosion severity,topography,and land use to identify hotspots and proposed,modeled,and evaluated various watershed management scenarios to mitigate the *** erosion increased markedly from 1973 to 2006,with annual rates of 31,38,and 56 t ha1 in 1973,1985,and 2006,respectively,as a result of vegetation degradation and particularly the conversion of thousands of hectares of forest or woodland into *** observed soil erosion rates are far from the tolerable rate of soil loss of the country and hence require urgent soil conservation interventions,especially in the hotspot *** proposed eight scenarios for reducing soil losses and evaluated their *** degraded land（using exclosures and planted vegetation） and installing stone erosion-control structures（stone bund） in cropland reduced the total soil loss by 12.6%and 63.8%,*** hotspot areas with annual soil loss of more than 20 t ha;by integrated management（erosion-control structures and exclosures） was the most effective approach,reducing soil loss by 87.8%.