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Advances in Enzyme Research 2024年第1期12卷 1-15页

作者： Nallely San Juan-Maldonado Silvia Rodríguez-Navarro Alejandro Angel-Cuapio José Norberto Vásquez Bonilla Juan Esteban Barranco-Florido Departamento de Producció n Agr&#237cola y Animal Universidad Aut&#243noma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco Ciudad de M&#233xico M&#233xico Divisió n de Ingenier&#237a Qu&#237mica y Bioqu&#237mica Tecnol&#243gico Nacional de M&#233xico/TES de Ecatepec Ecatepec de Morelos M&#233xico Departamento de Sistemas Bioló gicos Universidad Aut&#243noma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco Ciudad de M&#233xico M&#233xico

The use of entomopathogenic fungi (EF) in recent years has been highly effective against the different orders of insects considered pests of agricultural importance and their conidia have been commonly applied, but it has been reported that these are sensitive to the environmental conditions. For this reason, biopesticides products have been formulated based on secondary metabolites, recently. These biomolecules participate as biological control agent, such as: cyclic depsipeptides, amino acids, polyketides, polyphenols and terpenoids, affecting their morphology, life cycle and insect behavior. The use of secondary metabolites of entomopathogenic fungi opens the possibility of application in a more efficient way for the control of agricultural pests in a compatible with the environment and human health;therefore, it is important to know, analyzing the type of molecules, their effects, and their different methods of application.

关键词： Secondary Metabolites entomopathogenic fungi Biological Control Agent

Molecular phylogeny of the entomopathogenic fungi of the genus Cordyceps(Ascomycota:Clavicipitaceae) and its evolutionary implications

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第6期48卷 435-444页

作者： 1Li-Hua TIAN 1Bo HU 1Hui ZHOU 2Wei-Ming ZHANG 1Liang-Hu QU 1Yue-Qin CHEN1(Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education,State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol,Zhongshan University,Guangzhou 510275,China) 2(Microbiology Institute of Guangdong(HMIGD),Guangzhou 510070,China) (Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol Zhongshan University Guangzhou 510275 China) (Microbiology Institute of Guangdong (HMIGD) Guangzhou 510070 China)

Cordyceps is an endoparasite ascomycetous genus containing approximately 450 species with a diversity of insect hosts,traditionally included in the family Clavicipitaceae of Ascomycota.Establishing the relationships among species with a varied range of morphologies and hosts is of importance to our understanding of the phylogeny and co-evolution of parasites and hosts in entomopathogenic ascomycetes.To this end,we used a combination of molecular index and morphological characters from 40 representative species to carry out comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analyses.Based on the phylogenetic tree,we used the program DISCRETE for inferring the rates of evolution and finding ancestral states of morphological character.The phylogenetic analyses revealed two important points.(i) Types of perithecia attached to stroma reflected an evolutionary trend in Cordyceps.The vertically immersed perithecia form was the ancestral state,superficial and obliquely immersed perithecia were derived characters,obliquely immersed was irreversible.Species with obliquely immersed perithecia were in a closely related group and were the derived group.(ii) A strong correlation between fungal relatedness and the microhabitat supported the hypothesis that the host jumps through commingling in soil microhabitats.Based on the results of these analyses,host switching explains the diversity of entomopathogenic fungi of the genus Cordyceps.

关键词： Cordyceps entomopathogenic fungi evolutionary implication molecular phylogeny.

Interactions between entomopathogenic fungi and Entomophagous Insects

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Advances in Entomology 2020年第3期8卷 130-146页

作者： Mohamed Samir Tawfik Abbas Plant Protection Research Institute Agricultural Research Centre Giza Egypt

Direct treatment of predators with entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) at different concentrations revealed that some species, like Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, were found to have detrimental effects on all developmental stages of some predator species. Other species, like Numoraea rileyi and Paecilomycis fumosorosius, showed little or no effect on treated predators. Adult predators were found to avoid feeding on fungi-infected prey. EPF could be isolated from hibernating or field-collected coccinellids. Some studies indicated that combining a fungus with a predator could increase the rate of insect control in the field. As for parasitoids, this review indicates that the developmental stages of the egg parasitoids can develop successfully in host eggs treated with fungi. However, fungus-infected hosts negatively impact the development of larval parasitoids inside such hosts and this impact depends on the species and concentration of the fungus as well as the time between infection and parasitism. Some parasitoid females can discriminate between fungus-infected and uninfected hosts and do not parasitize the infected hosts. With appropriate timing, the parasitoids or predators could be combined with fungi for the biological control of insects in the field.

关键词： entomopathogenic fungi Predators Parasitoids Natural Enemies Intraguild Predation

Effectiveness of entomopathogenic fungal strains against poplar/willow weevil(Cryptorhynchus lapathi L.)larvae

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第5期33卷 1691-1702页

作者： Fang Niu Ya Xing Niya Jia Kai Ding Dan Xie Huanwen Chen Defu Chi Key Laboratory for Sustainable Forest Ecosyst Management of Ministry of Education College of ForestryNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040HeilongjiangPeople’s Republic of China

The poplar and willow weevil,Crypto rhynchus lapathi L.,a major universally destructive wood-boring insect has become one of the important quarantine pests that is extremely destructive to forestry development and needs to be controlled.entomopathogenic fungi(EPF) are considered safe and friendly for humans and the environment and play important roles in controlling insect pest populations.In this study,the screening of entomopathogenic fungi for control of C.lapathi is reported through the evaluation of virulence of four fungal Beauveria bassiana(CFCC81428,CFCC83116,CFCC83486,CFCC87297)strains,one B.brongniartii(CFCC83487) strain and one Metarhizium anisopliae(CFCC88953) strain.The virulence of the different strains was appraised by correct mortality rate,cumulative mortality rate,median lethal concentration(LC_(50)) and median lethal time(LT_(50)).B.bassiana strains CFCC81428 and CFCC83116 were the most virulent among the six strains with a mortality up to 100%,and the LT_(50) were 2.7 and 3.1 days.Five conidia concentrations of three strains(CFCC81428,CFCC83116 and CFCC87298) that caused high virulence was screened for dose-relationship.Their effect on controlling C.lapathi larvae were also determined under field condition by brushing conidia suspensions on C.lapathi larvae infested in a poplar trunk.The cumulative rate in the field was lower than those obtained from the laboratory,but the order of the virulence of different strains did not change.Mortality in all three strains occurred at their highest concentration(1.0 × 10^(8) conidia mL^(-1)).Under field conditions,the CFCC81428 strain was the most effective,causing mortalities of 80.3% and 75.2%in two plots in Beipiao and Lindian counties,respectively,followed by CFCC83116(69.1%,66.6%) and CFCC87298(60.7%,59.3%).Based on our results,the B.bassiana strain CFCC81428 has the potential as a biological insecticide to control C.lapathi larvae.

关键词： entomopathogenic fungi Pathogenicity Biocontrol control Beauveria bassiana Cryptorhynchus lapathi

Soil application of Beauveria bassiana GHA against apple sawfly, Hoplocampa testudinea （Hymenoptera： Tenthredinidae）： Field mortality and fungal persistence

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Insect Science 2016年第6期23卷 854-868页

作者： Weronika Swiergiel Nicolai V. Meyling Mario Porcel Birgitta Ramert Department of Plant Protection Biology Unit of Integrated Plant Protection Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) AlnarpSweden Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark

Low impact alternatives to synthetic insecticides for the control of apple sawfly （Hoplocampa testudinea Klug） are scarce encumbering pest management in organic apple orchards. We investigated the soil persistence and field efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana （Balsamo） Vuillemin （BotaniGard） against apple sawfly under common organic orchard practices. We also assessed the efficacy of B. bassiana GHA and Metarhiziurn brunneum Petch （indigenous strain） against sawfly in the laboratory. Larvae treated with either fungus in the laboratory died faster than control larvae and displayed 49.4%-68.4% mycosis. In the field, B. bassiana density remained high in the week after application, during larval descent to the soil. Fungal density decreased to 25% at 49 d after application and to 0.4% after 55 weeks. Molecular markers revealed that the majority of fungal isolates recovered comprised the applied B. bassiana strain GHA. Larvae pupating in soil cages in the orchard for 49 d displayed 17% mycosis. The high efficacy under laboratory conditions was not seen in the field. B. bassiana application resulted in densities above the upper natural background level during the growing season, but reversion to background levels occurred within a year. It remains to be investigated whether this has a detrimental effect on nontarget organisms. Additional work is needed to bridge the knowledge gap between laboratory and field efficacy in orchards.

关键词： biological control crop protection entomopathogenic fungi integrated pest management Metarhizium organic orchard

Comparison of cauliflower-insect-fungus interactions and pesticides for cabbage root fly control

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 1057-1064页

作者： Jaka Razinger Metka Zerjav Meta Zemljic-Urbancic Spela Modic Matthias Lutz Hans-Josef Schroers Jurg Grunder Simon Fellous Gregor Urek Agricultural Institute of Slovenia Plant Protection Department Ljubljana Slovenia Agroscope Institut for Pflanzenbauwissenschaften Waedenswil Switzerland Zurich University of Applied Sciences School of Life Sciences and Facility Management Campus Grueental Waedenswil Switzerland INRA Center for the Biology and Management of Populations (CBGP) UMR Montpellier France

Cabbage root fly （Delia radicum L.） control represents a major challenge in brassica production, therefore different management strategies for its control were tested in conventionally managed open field cauliflower production. Strategies included treatments with low-risk methods such as nitrogen lime, the insecticide spinosad and the Beauveria bassiana ATCC 74040-based biopesticide Naturalis. Their effects were compared with treatments based on nonformulated fungal species Metarhizium brunneum, B. bassiana, Clonostachys solani, Trichoderma atroviride, T. koningiopsis, and T. gamsii and commercial insecticides λ-cyhalothrin and thiamethoxam. Spinosad and thiamethoxam were pipetted to individual plants before transplanting; λ-cyhalothrin was sprayed after transplanting; nitrogen lime was applied at first hoeing. Nonformulated fimgi were delivered onto cauliflower plantlets＇ roots as a single pretransplantation inoculation. The cabbage root fly population dynamics exhibited a strong spatiotemporal variation. The lowest number of cabbage root fly pupae recovered from cauliflower roots in the field experiments was recorded in plants treated with spinosad （significant reduction）, followed by Naturalis and one of the tested M. brunneurn strains （nonsignificant reduction）. Significantly more pupae were counted in the nitrogen lime treatment. The field experiments showed that a single drench of cauliflower plantlets with spinosad offered consistent and enduring cabbage root fly control. Naturalis and nonformulated fungal isolates did not decrease cabbage root fly pressure significantly, apparently due to lack of statistical power. The implications of the substantial intra- and inter-annual pest pressure variation and the benefits of using single plant treatments are discussed, and recommendations for improvement of rhizosphere-competence utilizing biological control strategies provided.

关键词： biological control cabbage maggot Delia radicum entomopathogenic fungi plant-insect-microbe interactions rhizosphere competence

Effects of a combined infection with Paranosema locustae and Beauveria bassiana on Locusta migratoria and its gut microflora

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Insect Science 2021年第2期28卷 347-354页

作者： Shu-Qian Tan Yue Yin Kai-Li Cao Xin-Xin Zhao Xiao-Yu Wang Yu-Xin Zhang Wang-Peng Shi Department of Entomology and MO A Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina Institution of Plant Protection Academy of Ningxia Agricultural and Forestry ScienceYinchuanChina

Even though Paranosema locustae is widely used in China as a biological agent for controlling grasshoppers,the mortality rate is initially quite low.This study sought to determine whether the simultaneous use of P.locustae and Beauveria bassiana would be a more effective control strategy.Additionally,changes in the intestinal microbial communities of migratory locusts infected with the two pathogens were analyzed to investigate the roles of gut microbes in pathogen-host interactions.The mortality rate of locusts inoculated with B.bassiana and P.locustae simultaneously was not significantly higher than expected but the mortality rates of locusts inoculated with B.bassiana 3,6,and 9 days after inoculation with P.locustae were significantly higher than if their effects were additive,indicating synergism.A MiSeq analysis found that Weissella was the most common bacterium,representing 41.48%and 51.62%of the total bacteria in the mid-and hindguts,respectively,and the bacterial declines were greatest during dual infections with B.bassiana and P.locustae.The appropriately timed combined application of P.locustae and B.bassiana was more effective against locusts than either treatment alone.Moreover,the combined inoculation of the two pathogens changed the gut microflora of locusts,indicating the potential relevancy of their synergistic effects on locust control.

关键词： entomopathogenic fungi intestinal symbiotic bacteria microsporidia migratory locust

Bemisia tabaci： The current situation in the UK and the prospect of developing strategies for eradication using entomopathogens

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Insect Science 2011年第1期18卷 1-10页

作者： Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson Lisa F. Blackburn Dominic P. Eyre Raymond J.C. Cannon Judith Miller Phil Northing The Food and Environment Research Agency Sand Hutton York UK

The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius）（Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae） remains a serious threat to crops worldwide. The damaging B-biotype is of specific economic concern because it is an effective vector of over 111 viruses from several fam- ilies, particularly geminiviruses. Bemisia tabaci is regularly intercepted on plants coming into the UK where it is subjected to a policy of eradication. The UK maintains Protective Zone status against this pest. A main pathway of entry of B. tabaci into the Protected Zone involves propagating material, especially Poinsettia （Euphorbia pulcherrima）. With increased insecticide resistance continuously being recorded, B. tabaci is becoming more difficult to control/eradicate. Recent research involving both entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi is showing much potential for the development of control programs for this pest. Both the nematode Steinernemafeltiae and the fungus Lecanicillium muscarium have been shown to be most effective against second instar B. tabaci. Fine-tuning of the environmental conditions required has also increased their efficacy. The entomopathogens have also shown a high level of compatibility with chemical insecticides, all increasing their potential to be incorporated into control strategies against B. tabaci.

关键词： biocontrol entomopathogenic nematodes entomopathogenic fungi insecticide resistance whitefly

Research and development of Cordyceps in Taiwan

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2016年第4期5卷 177-185页

作者： Ching-Peng Chiu Tsong-Long Hwang You Chan Mohamed El-Shazly Tung-Ying Wu I-Wen Lo Yu-Ming Hsu Kuei-Hung Lai Ming-Feng Hou Shyng-Shiou Yuan Fang-Rong Chang Yang-Chang Wu Graduate Institute of Natural Products College of PharmacyKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 80708TaiwanChina Graduate Institute of Natural Products College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 33302TaiwanChina Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology Chang Gung University of Science and TechnologyTaoyuan 33302TaiwanChina Department of Anesthesiology Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan 33302TaiwanChina Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Institute of Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichung 40201TaiwanChina Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry Faculty of PharmacyAin-Shams UniversityCairoEgypt Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center China Medical University HospitalTaichung 40402TaiwanChina Cancer Center Kaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiung 80708TaiwanChina Lipid Science and Aging Research Center Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 80708TaiwanChina Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources National Sun Yat-sen UniversityKaohsiung 80424TaiwanChina Research Center for Environmental Medicine Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 80708TaiwanChina Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 80708TaiwanChina School of Pharmacy College of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityTaichung 40402TaiwanChina Center of Molecular Medicine China Medical University HospitalTaichung 40402TaiwanChina

Cordyceps is treasured entomopathogenic fungi that have been used as antitumor,immunomodulating,antioxidant,and pro-sexual agent.Cordyceps,also called DongChongXiaCao in Chinese,Yartsa Gunbu(Tibetan),means winter worm-summer grass.Natural Cordyceps sinensis with parasitic hosts is difficult to be collected and the recent findings on its potential pharmacological functions,resulted in skyrocketing prices.Therefore,finding a mass-production method or an alternative for C.sinensis products is a top-priority task.In this review,we describe current status of Cordyceps research and its recent developments in Taiwan.The content and pharmacological activities of four major industrial species of Cordyceps(C.sinensis,Cordyceps militaris,Cordyceps cicadae and Cordyceps sobolifera)used in Taiwan,were reviewed.Moreover,we highlighted the effect of using different methods of fermentation and production on the morphology and chemical content of Cordyceps sp.Finally,we summarized the bottle-necks and challenges facing Cordyceps research as well as we proposed future road map for Cordyceps industry in Taiwan.

关键词： entomopathogenic fungi Biofunction Cordyceps sp. C.sinensis C.militaris C.cicadae C.sobolifera

Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, Pure and Encapsulated, and Bio-Insecticide Action on Diatraea saccharalis

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Advances in Entomology 2016年第3期4卷 151-162页

作者： I. M. Wenzel Rodrigues M. R. Forim M. F. G. F. da Silva J. B. Fernandes A. Batista Filho Federal University of Sã o Carlos Natural Products Laboratory S&atilde o Carlos Brazil Biological Institute Biological Control Laboratory Campinas Brazil

The effect of ultraviolet radiation on entomopathogenic fungi can be very prejudicial for causing damage to the conidia. Formulations can help protecting these fungal structures against radiation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of UV radiation on pure and encapsulated conidia Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato, and to evaluate their pathogenicity on the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis. The pure conidia and the sodium alginate capsules containing the fungi were submitted to the ultraviolet radiation in different temperatures and exposure times. On the pure conidia, the radiation had a deleterious effect after 5 minutes of exposure, going from 94% to 52% germination for B. bassiana and from 96% to 54% for M. anisopliae. The alginate formulation protected the B. bassiana conidia against the radiation in all times they were evaluated (15 minutes to 48 hours), because, even after exposure, the fungi remained viable. The dry encapsulated conidia B. bassiana caused 79.6% mortality of the studied pest and the M. anisopliae caused only 10%.

关键词： entomopathogenic fungi Microbial Control Formulation Lepidoptera Ultraviolet Exposure