Soil application of Beauveria bassiana GHA against apple sawfly, Hoplocampa testudinea （Hymenoptera： Tenthredinidae）： Field mortality and fungal persistence

作     者：Weronika Swiergiel Nicolai V. Meyling Mario Porcel Birgitta Ramert 

作者机构：Department of Plant Protection Biology Unit of Integrated Plant Protection Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) AlnarpSweden Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark 

出 版 物：《Insect Science》 (昆虫科学（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2016年第23卷第6期

页      面：854-868页

核心收录：

学科分类：08[工学] 09[农学] 0904[农学-植物保护] 0835[工学-软件工程] 081202[工学-计算机软件与理论] 0812[工学-计算机科学与技术（可授工学、理学学位）] 

基　　金：Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, SLU 

主　　题：biological control crop protection entomopathogenic fungi integrated pest management Metarhizium organic orchard 

摘      要：Low impact alternatives to synthetic insecticides for the control of apple sawfly （Hoplocampa testudinea Klug） are scarce encumbering pest management in organic apple orchards. We investigated the soil persistence and field efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana （Balsamo） Vuillemin （BotaniGard） against apple sawfly under common organic orchard practices. We also assessed the efficacy of B. bassiana GHA and Metarhiziurn brunneum Petch （indigenous strain） against sawfly in the laboratory. Larvae treated with either fungus in the laboratory died faster than control larvae and displayed 49.4%-68.4% mycosis. In the field, B. bassiana density remained high in the week after application, during larval descent to the soil. Fungal density decreased to 25% at 49 d after application and to 0.4% after 55 weeks. Molecular markers revealed that the majority of fungal isolates recovered comprised the applied B. bassiana strain GHA. Larvae pupating in soil cages in the orchard for 49 d displayed 17% mycosis. The high efficacy under laboratory conditions was not seen in the field. B. bassiana application resulted in densities above the upper natural background level during the growing season, but reversion to background levels occurred within a year. It remains to be investigated whether this has a detrimental effect on nontarget organisms. Additional work is needed to bridge the knowledge gap between laboratory and field efficacy in orchards.