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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第4期31卷 924-932页

作者： Wei Liu Yan Wang Li-xiong Han Ying-kang Wei Hui-ping Tang Shi-feng Liu School of Metallurgical Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi'an 710055ShaanxiChina School of Engineering Zhejiang University City CollegeHangzhou 310015ZhejiangChina

The oxygen content of metal powder is decisive for the recyclability of *** research on the effect of oxygen content on powder properties and material formability has practical significance for economical production with additive manufacturing while preventing the waste of ***,we deliberately oxidized the powder by baking at high temperature to increase the oxygen content in the powder and gave the calculation method of the oxygen content in the powder oxidation *** majority of oxygen element was found in the oxide particles in the powder and the oxide flm on the powder surface,which did affect the flowability of the *** is worth noting that the increase in the oxygen content does not change the phase of H13 steel,but it can promote the molten pool flow and obtain a smoother *** increase in the oxygen content in the powder is not the decisive factor for the formability and defects of the printed *** is the combined effect of the powder deformation,the increase in the oxygen content,and the impurity pollution after repeated use,which leads to the limitation of repeated utilization of the powder.

关键词： Additive manufacturing electron beam melting H13 steel powder-Powder oxidation

Electrochemical behavior of open-cellular structured Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated by electron beam melting in simulated physiological fluid:the significance of pore characteristics

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第2期97卷 272-282页

作者： Xin Gai Rui Liu Yun Bai Shujun Li Yang Yang Shenru Wang Jianguo Zhang Wentao Hou Yulin Hao Xing Zhang Rui Yang R.D.K.Misra Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016China Department of Orthopedic Surgery Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH)Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100730China Department of Metallurgical Materialsand Biomedical EngineeringThe University of Texas at El Paso500W.University AvenueEl PasoTX 79968United States

The cellular structured titanium alloys have attracted significant attention for implants because of their lower Young’s modulus,which is comparable to human bone and has the capability of providing space for bone tissue ***,there is a gap in the knowledge in regard to the relationship between the pore characteristics and the electrochemical performance of open-cellular structured titanium *** this study,we elucidate the influence of pore characteristics on the electrochemical performance of open-cellular structured Ti-6Al-4V alloys produced by electron beam melting(EBM).Intriguingly,the passive film formed on cellular structured Ti-6Al-4V alloy with a larger pore size was more stable and protective,and the corrosion performance was superior compared to the samples with a smaller pore size in phosphate buffered saline(PBS),mainly because of relatively smaller exposed surface area and unlimited flow of ***,in acidic PBS containing fluoride ions,the pore characteristics did not play an important role in the corrosion *** was considered that the protective film breaks down such that the corrosion performance of cellular structured alloys was comparable to each other in this harsh environment.

关键词： Cellular structure Ti-6Al-4V electron beam melting Corrosion resistance Fluoride ion

Influence of multiple laser shock peening treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated by electron beam melting

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第9期29卷 1780-1787页

作者： Liang Lan Ruyi Xin Xinyuan Jin Shuang Gao Bo He School of Material Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering ScienceShanghai 201620China Research Center of High-temperature Alloy Precision Forming Shanghai University of Engineering ScienceShanghai 201620China

Laser shock peening(LSP)is an attractive post-processing method to tailor surface microstructure and enhance mechanical performances of additive manufactured(AM)*** effects of multiple LSP treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V part produced by electron beam melting(EBM),as a mature AM process,were studied in this ***,surface topography,residual stress,and tensile performance of EBM-manufactured Ti-6Al-4V specimens were systematically analyzed subjected to different LSP *** distribution of porosities in EBM sample was assessed via X-ray computed *** results showed that EBM samples with two LSP treatments possessed a lower porosity value of 0.05%compared to the value of 0.08%for the untreated *** strength of EBM samples with two LSP treatments was remarkably raised by 12%as compared with the as-built *** grains ofαphase were refined in near-surface layer,and a dramatic increase in the depth and magnitude of compressive residual stress(CRS)was achieved in EBM sample with multiple LSP *** grain refinement ofαphase and CRS with larger depth were responsible for the strength enhancement of EBM samples with two LSP treatments.

关键词： additive manufacturing laser shock peening electron beam melting residual stress Ti-6Al-4V alloy mechanical properties

Low-cost surface modification of a biomedical Zr-2.5Nb alloy fabricated by electron beam melting

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第12期143卷 178-188页

作者： Caixu Wang Xiaoli Zhao Shujun Li Lu Liu Deliang Zhang Mitsuo Niinomi School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry(Ministry of Education) Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bone Implants Interface Functionalization and Personalization Tianjin 300190China Institute for Materials Research Tohoku UniversitySendaiMiyagi 9808577Japan Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversityOsaka 565-0871Japan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Graduate School of Science and TechnologyMeijo UniversityNagoya 468-8502Japan Faculty of Chemistry Materials and BioengineeringKansai UniversityOsaka 564-860Japan

The Zr-2.5Nb alloy with a fine microstructure consisting ofαlaths was successfully prepared by electron beam melting(EBM).The thermal oxidation behaviors and kinetics of the as-built,and the EBM-built and hot isostatically pressed(HIPed)Zr-2.5Nb materials in a temperature range of 450-600°C were in-vestigated and compared with those of the alloy prepared by conventional casting and *** was found that the oxidation kinetics of the as-built and the forged materials followed the parabolic rate law during isothermal oxidation at 550°C,but the HIPed materials exhibited a parabolic-to-linear kinetic transition,suggesting that the larger grain sizes enhanced the *** oxide layers of all materials were composed of a large fraction of monoclinic zirconia phase(m-ZrO_(2))and a small fraction of tetrago-nal zirconia phase(t-ZrO_(2)),and transformed from t-ZrO_(2)to m-ZrO_(2)with increasing oxidation *** surface hardness of the as-built,the forged and the HIPed materials increased from 215,204,and 188 HV before oxidation to 902,1070,and 1137 HV after oxidation,*** cross-sections of the materi-als showed the presence of micropores and microcracks inside the oxide layers with thicknesses ranging from 4 to 8μ*** the oxidation temperature of 600°C and oxidation time duration of 3 h,a dense black m-ZrO_(2)oxide layer with smooth surface and 902 HV hardness was obtained on the EBM as-built Zr-2.5Nb materials.

关键词： Zr-2.5Nb alloy electron beam melting Thermal oxidation Oxidation behaviors and kinetics Grain size

Finite Element Prediction of Residual Stress in Rhombic Dodecahedron Ti‑6Al‑4V Titanium Alloy Additively Manufactured by electron beam melting

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2023年第1期36卷 35-47页

作者： Shangzhou Zhang Yuankang Wang Bing Zhou Fanchao Meng Hua Zhang Shujun Li Qingmiao Hu Li Zhou Institute for Advanced Studies in Precision Materials Yantai UniversityYantai 264005China School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering Yantai UniversityYantai 264005China Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

In this work,a three-dimensional nonlinear transient thermo-mechanically coupled finite element model(FEM)is established to investigate the variation in temperature and stress fields during electron beam melting(EBM)of rhombic dodecahedron Ti-6Al-4V *** influence of the processing parameters on the temperature and residual stress evolutions was predicted and verified against existing literature *** calculated results indicate that the interlayer cooling time has very little effect on both the temperature and stress evolutions,indicating that the interlayer cooling time can be set up as short as possible to reduce manufacturing *** is presented that the residual stress of the intersection is higher than that of *** increasing preheating temperature,the residual stress decreases continuously,which is about 20%–30%for every 50℃rise in *** temperature and stress fields repeated every four layers with the complex periodic scanning *** x and y-component residual stresses are tensile stresses,while z-component stress is weak compressive or tensile stress in typical *** is proposed that the interlayer cooling is necessary to obtain a rhombic dodecahedron with low residual *** results can bring insights into the understanding of the residual stress during EBM.

关键词： electron beam melting Ti-6Al-4V Rhombic dodecahedron Residual stress Finite element analysis Parametric study

Finite element analysis of temperature and residual stress profiles of porous cubic Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy by electron beam melting

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第9期44卷 191-200页

作者： Xiaochun He Yang Li Yongjie Bi Xiaomei Liu Bing Zhou Shangzhou Zhang Shujun Li School of Nuclear Equipment and Nuclear Engineering Yantai UniversityYantai 264005China Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

The temperature and stress profiles of porous cubic Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy grids by additive manufacturing via electron beam melting(EBM)based on finite element(FE)method were ***-dimensional FE models were developed to simulate the single-layer and five-layer girds under annular and lateral *** results showed that the molten pool temperature in five-layer girds was higher than that in single-layer grids owing to the larger mass and higher heat *** energies accumulated by the longer scanning time for annular path than lateral path led to the higher temperature and steeper temperature *** thermal stress drastically fluctuated during EBM process and the residual stress decreased with the increase of powder layer where the largest stress appeared at the first layer along the build *** stress under lateral scanning was slightly larger but relatively more homogeneous distribution than those under annular *** stress distribution showed anisotropy and the maximum Von Mises stress occurred around the central *** stress profiles were explained by the temperature fields and grids structure.

关键词： electron beam melting Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy Porous cubic grids Finite element analysis Temperature field Stress field

Effect of HIP Treatment on Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy Fabricated by electron beam melting

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2017年第12期30卷 1163-1168页

作者： Yan Liu Jun Zhang Shu-Jun Li Wen-Tao Hou Hao Wang Qin-Si Xu Yu-Lin Hao Rui Yang College of Mechanical Engineering Shenyang University Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

The effect of hot isostatic pressing treatment on the fatigue crack growth behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated by electron beam melting was investigated. The results indicate that the fatigue crack growth rate of the HIPed samples is higher than that of the as-fabricated one under certain stress intensity factor （AK 〈 18 MPa m^1/2）. With further increase in AK, the fatigue crack growth rates of the studied two samples become similar. The variation of α lamella thickness and the pore defects distribution have an effect on the fatigue crack growth rates in the studied samples, and the latter plays the dominant role.

关键词： electron beam melting Ti–6Al–4V Fatigue crack growth rate a Lamella Pores

Impurities evaporation from metallurgical-grade silicon in electron beam melting process

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Rare Metals 2011年第3期30卷 274-277页

作者： WANG Qiang DONG Wei TAN Yi JIANG Dachuan ZHANG Cong PENG Xu School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China

The purification of metallurgical-grade silicon （MG-Si） has been investigated during electron beam melting （EBM） process. The results show that the phosphorus, calcium and aluminum contents decrease significantly after melting, and magnesium is partially removed. However, no significant change in content for boron and iron has been found. Langmuir＇s equation and Henry law were used to derive the removal effi-ciency for each impurity element. The free surface temperature was estimated by the Hertz-Knudsen-Langmuir equation and silicon＇s vapor pressure equation. Good agreement was found between measured and calculated impurities＇ removal efficiency for phosphorus, calcium and aluminum, magnesium, boron and iron. The deviation between the two results was also analyzed in depth.

关键词： electron beam melting silicon evaporation impurities removal efficiency

Metal Fabrication by Additive Manufacturing Using Laser and electron beam melting Technologies

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2012年第1期28卷 1-14页

作者： Lawrence E. Murr Sara M. Gaytan Diana A. Ramirez Edwin Martinez Jennifer Hernandez Krista N. Amato Patrick W. Shindo Francisco R. Medina Ryan B. Wicker Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering The University of Texas at El PasoEl Paso TX 79968 USA W.M. Keck Center for 3D Innovation The University of Texas at El PasoEl Paso TX 79968 USA

Lawrence E. Murr is Mr.J Mrs. Macintosh Murehison Professor and Chairman of the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering and Ph.D. Program Director in the Materials Research Technology Institute at The University of Texas at El Paso. Dr. Murr received his ***. in physical science from Albright College, and his B.S.E.E. in electronics, his M.S. in engineering mechanics, and his Ph.D. in solidstate science, all from the Pennsylvania State University. Dr. Murr has published 20 books, over 750 scientific and technical articles in a wide range of research areas in materials science and engineering, environmental science and engineering, manufacturing science and engineering （especially rapid prototype/layered manufacturing）,

关键词： Selective laser melting electron beam melting Additive manufacturing Microstructures Microstructural architecture

Microstructures and Hardness Properties for β-Phase Ti-24Nb-4Zr-7.9Sn Alloy Fabricated by electron beam melting

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第11期29卷 1011-1017页

作者： J.Hernandez S.J.Li E.Martinez L.E.Murr X.M.Pan K.N.Amato X.Y.Cheng F.Yang C.A.Terrazas S.M.Gaytan Y.L.Hao R.Yang F.Medina R.B.Wicker Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering The University of Texas at El Paso Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology W.M.Keck Center for 3D Innovation The University of Texas at E1 Paso

Atomized, pre-alloyed Ti-24Nb-4Zr-7.9Sn （wt%） powder was used to fabricate solid, prototype components by electron beam melting （EBM）. Vickers microindentation hardness values were observed to average 2 GPa for the precursor powder and 2.5 GPa for the solid, EBM-fabricated products. The powder and solid product microstructures were examined by optical and electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction analyses showed that they had bcc β-phase microstructure. However, it was found by transmission electron microscopy that the EBM-fabricated product had plate morphology with space -100-200 nm. Although the corresponding selected area diffraction patterns can be indexed by β-phase plus α＂-martensite with orthorhombic crystal structure, the dark-field analyses failed to observe the α＂-martensite. Such phenomenon was also found in deformed gum metals and explained by stress-induced diffusion scattering due to phonon softening.

关键词： Biomedical titanium alloy β-Martensite electron beam melting Hardness Optical and electron microscopy