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Spatial distribution of the potential forest biomass availability in europe

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Forest Ecosystems 2019年第1期6卷 56-66页

作者： Pieter Johannes Verkerk Joanne Brighid Fitzgerald Pawan Datta Matthias Dees Geerten Martijn Hengeveld Marcus Lindner Sergey Zudin european Forest Institute University of Freiburg-Institute of Forest Sciences-Chair of Remote Sensing and Landscape Information Systems Wageningen University and Research

Background: european forests are considered a crucial resource for supplying biomass to a growing bio-economy in europe. This study aimed to assess the potential availability of forest biomass from european forests and its spatial distribution. We tried to answer the questions(i) how is the potential forest biomass availability spatially distributed across europe and(ii) where are hotspots of potential forest biomass availability located?Methods: The spatial distribution of woody biomass potentials was assessed for 2020 for stemwood, residues(branches and harvest losses) and stumps for 39 european countries. Using the european Forest Information SCENario(EFISCEN) model and international forest statistics, we estimated the theoretical amount of biomass that could be available based on the current and future development of the forest age-structure, growing stock and increment and forest management regimes. We combined these estimates with a set of environmental(site productivity, soil and water protection and biodiversity protection) and technical(recovery rate, soil bearing capacity) constraints, which reduced the amount of woody biomass that could potentially be available. We mapped the potential biomass availability at the level of administrative units and at the 10 km × 10 km grid level to gain insight into the spatial distribution of the woody biomass potentials.Results: According to our results, the total availability of forest biomass ranges between 357 and 551 Tg dry matter per year. The largest potential supply of woody biomass per unit of land can be found in northern europe(southern Finland and Sweden, Estonia and Latvia), central europe(Austria, Czech Republic, and southern Germany),Slovenia, southwest France and Portugal. However, large parts of these potentials are already used to produce materials and energy. The distribution of biomass potentials that are currently unused only partially coincides with regions that currently have high levels of wood production.Conclusions: Our study shows how the for

关键词： Forest biomass EFISCEN europe Potential supply Spatial distribution

Research on representative brand and operation mode of second-hand clothing in europe

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服饰导刊 2020年第3期9卷 23-32页

作者： Ying Tang Arturo Dell'Acqua Bellavitis Key Laboratory of Science&Technology of Eco-Textile Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122 China Politecnico di Milano School of DesignMilan 20158 Italy

In order to study the current situation and operation mode of second-hand clothing brand in europe,this paper makes a field investigation on the second-hand clothing shops in european countries.Through classification of the inspected shops,five representative brands with certain popularity and influence and different operation modes in europe are selected out from high-grade antique boutiques,non-profit charity organizations,professional retailers and middle-grade consignment shops in the second-hand clothing market.This paper analyzes and discusses the development history of stores,the source of goods,the form of stores,and the operation mode,so as to provide a reference for the development and standardization of the second-hand clothing market in China.

关键词： europe second-hand clothing brand operation mode

Georgia and europe in the Early Middle Ages

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Journal of Literature and Art Studies 2018年第12期8卷 1702-1712页

作者： Bejan Javakhia Ilia State Univeristy TbilisiGeorgia

The article deals with relations of Georgia to europe in the late antique period and the early Middle Ages.The analyses rests on the Byzantium and the Western european,as well as on Georgian written sources:historical chronicles,hagiographic texts and other information,reflecting political relations of the Iberia and Lazika—those-days kingdoms,located on the territory of Georgia—to the Western european and Byzantine space.The offered analysis will concentrate on the shared characteristics of european space in the Middle Ages and will compare them to the general tendencies of development of Georgia in the same period.This enables to draw conclusion that Georgia was the part of the unified Christian space of the early Middle Ages.

关键词： Georgia europe Middle Ages late antique

Higher Education on Urban Forestry in europe: An Overview

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Chinese Forestry Science and Technology 2003年第3期2卷 16-27页

作者： ANDERSEN FRODE KONIJNENDIJK CECIL C RANDRUP THOMAS B Skov SkovSkov & LandskabDanish Forest and Landscape Research Institute Hφrsholm Kongevej 11DK-2970 HφrsholmDenmark& LandskabDanish Forest and Landscape Research Institute Hφrsholm Kongevej 11DK-2970 HφrsholmDenmark Corresponding author& LandskabDanish Forest and Landscape Research Institute Hφrsholm Kongevej 11.DK-2970 Hφrsholm. Denmark

In order to meet the demands of modern, information-based society, higher education in natural resource management needs to be transformed. Enhanced mobility of students and staff, multi- and transdisciplinary approaches, as well as innovative educational approaches are called for. Moreover, the urban component needs to be better incorporated, as exemplified by the emerging field of urban forestry. This paper relates to the developments in higher education within the context of education on urban forest...

关键词： higher education urban forestry europe

A Study of Precipitation Climatology and Its Variability over europe Using an Advanced Regional Model (WRF)

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American Journal of Climate Change 2015年第1期4卷 22-39页

作者： Hari Prasad Dasari Venkata Srinivas Challa Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia Radiological Safety and Environment Group Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research Kalpakkam India

In recent years long-term precipitation trends on a regional scale have been given emphasis due to the impacts of global warming on regional hydrology. In this study, regional precipitation trends are simulated over the europe continent for a 60-year period in 1950-2010 using an advanced regional model, WRF, to study extreme precipitation events over europe. The model runs continuously for each year during the period at a horizontal resolution of 25 km with initial/ boundary conditions derived from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) 2.5 degree reanalysis data sets. The E-OBS 0.25 degree rainfall observation analysis is used for model validation. Results indicate that the model could reproduce the spatial annual rainfall pattern over europe with low amounts (250 - 750 mm) in Iberian Peninsula, moderate to large amounts (750 - 1500 mm) in central, eastern and northeastern parts of europe and extremely heavy falls (1500 - 2000 mm) in hilly areas of Alps with a slight overestimation in Alps and underestimation in other parts of europe. The regional model integrations showed increasing errors (mean absolute errors) and decreasing correlations with increasing time scale (daily to seasonal). Rainfall is simulated relatively better in Iberian Peninsula, northwest and central parts of europe. A large spatial variability with the highest number of wet days over eastern, central europe and Alps (~200 days/year) and less number of wet days over Iberian Peninsula (≤150 days/year) is also found in agreement with observations. The model could simulate the spatial rainfall climate variability reasonably well with low rainfall days (1 - 10 mm/days) in almost all zones, heavy rainfall events in western, northern, southeastern hilly and coastal zones and extremely heavy rainfall events in northern coastal zones. An increasing trend of heavy rainfall in central, southern and southeastern parts, a decreasing trend in Iberian Peninsula and a steady trend in other zones are found. Overall, the simulated rainfall cl

关键词： Regional Climate Rainfall europe WRF-ARW Threat Score

Impact of Internet Advertisement and Its Features on E-Commerce Retail Sales: Evidence from europe

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2013年第11期6卷 564-570页

作者： Osama Harfoushi Bader Alfawwaz Bader Obeidat Ruba Obiedat Hossam Faris Department of Business Administration The University of Jordan Amman Jordan Department of Business Information Technology The University of Jordan Amman Jordan Department of Computer Information System Al-albayt University Mafraq Jordan

The stimulus to carry out this research is to investigate the relationship between internet advertisement and its features on the total E-commerce sales of the top five countries of europe. The units of analysis are the individuals of UK, France, Italy, Germany and Netherland. Secondary data are collected from the reports of [1] (ADEX, 2010) and [2] (Eurostats, 2011). To empirically determine the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable in the european context, the study uses various statistical techniques, including OLS regression and correlation analysis techniques. The empirical findings indicate that the Internet advertisement features of search advertisement and classified advertisement have positive significant relationship with the E-commerce sales in europe. The empirical findings indicate negative significant relationship of display advertisement with the E-commerce sales in europe. However, this variable is also justified with the help of literature. Findings also demonstrate that search advertisement has strong positive relationship and it generates positive influence for the E-commerce sales as compared to the classified advertisement and display advertisement. Firms and marketers which are investing in online advertisement will find these results useful as they can get better sales and can use these features of online advertisement in order to maximize the sales of their products and services.

关键词： Features of Internet Advertisement Display Advertisement Search Advertisement Classified Advertisement E-Commerce Sales E-Commerce Sale in europe

On the Relationship between Heat Waves over the Western and Central europe and NAO, SOI, El-Nino 3.4 in Summer 2015

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2017年第4期5卷 31-45页

作者： Yehia Hafez Department of Meteorology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia

An extreme warming hit europe in summer of the year 2015. The present paper investigates the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAO), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and El-Nino 3.4 and heat waves that persist over the western and central europe in the summer of 2015. The NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis daily dataset of the mean surface air temperature for the domains of the western and central europe for summer months (June, July and August) of the year, 2015 has used. In addition, the time cross-section analysis of the daily gridded operational data for the mean surface air temperature over the western and central europe from 1 June to 31 August 2015 has done. Moreover, daily datasets of the NAO, SOI, and El-Nino 3.4 for that period have used. The time series, time cross section, anomaly and correlation coefficient techniques are used to analyze the data sets. The results revealed that the cases of heat waves that existed over the western and central europe through the summer season of the year 2015 were controlled distinctly by the negative phase of the NAO and positive phase of ENSO.

关键词： Heat wave Surface air Temperature The Western and Central europe NAO SOI El-Nino 3.4

Systematic review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence in europe,Israel,America and Australasia on smoking and COVID-19

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2021年第4期9卷 353-376页

作者： Peter Nicholas Lee Janette S Hamling Katharine Jane Coombs Department of Statistics P.N.Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd.Sutton SM25DAUnited Kingdom Department of Statistics RoeLee Statistics Ltd.Sutton SM25DASurreyUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Previous meta-analyses related smoking to death or severe infection from coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in hospitalized patients,but considered only a few studies,did not adjust for demographics and comorbidities,and inadequately defined smoking.AIM To review and meta-analyse epidemiological evidence on smoking and COVID-19,considering a range of endpoints,populations and smoking definitions and the effect of adjustment.METHODS Studies were identified from publications in English up to 30 September,2020 involving at least 100 individuals,carried out in europe,Israel,America or Australasia,not restricted to those with specific other diseases,and providing information relating smoking to various COVID-related endpoints.Meta-analyses were carried out for combinations of population and endpoint,with variation studied by smoking definition,adjustment level and other factors.RESULTS From 96 publications,74 studies were identified,37 in the United States,10 in the United Kingdom,with up to four in the other countries.Three involved over a million individuals,and 37 involved less than a thousand.Adjusted results for smoking were available in 42 studies,with adjustment not considered in 20 studies.Results were considered by endpoint.No significant effect of smoking on COVID-19 positivity was seen in the general population,but there was a reduced risk in those tested.Best-adjusted estimates for current(vs never)smoking were 0.87(95%confidence interval:0.52-1.47)in the general population and 0.52(0.43-0.64)in those tested.For those hospitalized due to COVID-19,unadjusted rates were significantly increased in current smokers(1.20,1.01-1.42)and ever smokers(1.64,1.41-1.91),but those adjusted for comorbidities showed no increase for current(0.82,0.52-1.30)or ever smokers(1.00,0.76-1.32).There was little evidence to suggest that smoking was associated with intensive care admission.For those hospitalized with COVID-19,best-adjusted estimates were 0.88(0.72-1.08)for current smokers and 1.10(0.99-1.22)for ever smoker

关键词： Smoking COVID-19 Meta-analyses Review europe America

Urban Forestry Research in europe-An Overview

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Chinese Forestry Science and Technology 2003年第1期2卷 5-15页

作者： Cecil C.Konijnendijk Thomas B.Randrup Kjell Nilsson Corresponding author:Thomas B. Randrup DFLRI Hoersholm Kongevej 28 DK-2970 Hoersholm Denmark.Fax:+45 45 76 32 33Corresponding author:Thomas B. RandrupDFLRI Hoersholm Kongevej 28 DK-2970 Hoersholm Denmark.Fax:+45 45 76 32 33Danish Forest and Landscape Research Institute Hoersholm Kongevej 11 DK-2970 Hoersholm Denmark

A comprehensive european overview of recent and ongoing research in europe has been carried out within the framework of COST Action E12 'Urban Forests and Trees', a pan-european research network. This paper presents some of the main findings of a comparative analysis of 20 individual country reports. The analysis shows that research on urban forests and urban trees in europe has a wide scope and is rather fragmented and uncoordinated. Universities and state research institutes, mostly with a forestry or...

关键词： urban forestry urban forest urban trees research overview europe