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Barriers and countermeasures in developing traditional Chinese medicine in EUROPE

Frontiers of Medicine 2016年第3期10卷 360-376页

作者： Yunfang Liu Zhiping Yang Jing Cheng Daiming Fan Projeet Department Consultancy Program Center Chinese Academy of Engineering Beijing 100088 China Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases Fourth Military Medical University Xi 'an 710032 China

Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is one of the unique cultural treasures of Chinese; it represents a significant feature and prominent advantage of the healthcare cause in China. Data in this paper were from World Health Organization, Chinese Bureau of Statistics, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and PubMed. In recent years, TCM has established a solid foundation in EUROPE, which made great strides in legislation, education, research, and international exchange, and has enjoyed a vast development space in the continent. Now, TCM is embracing unprecedented development opportunities in EUROPE. At the same time, the stiff international competition poses a grave threat to China＇s TCM industry. With multiple cultural, legal, and institutional challenges, as well as talent shortages in the way, TCM is now facing many difficulties in EUROPE. To fully prepare and enact active and vigorous steps to seize opportunities, we should have a clear picture about the serious challenges hampering TCM development in EUROPE. The TCM development at overseas markets has shifted from a spontaneous trade activity into a national strategy spearheaded by the government and participated in by multiple stakeholders. We should make a systematic, comprehensive, and sustainable push in fields such as TCM therapy, healthcare, education, research, culture, and industry development. The ultimate goal is to bring TCMs to the global market and allow them to play a role in safeguarding public health along with modern medicines.

关键词： traditional Chinese medicine EUROPE development

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Pediatric Cardiac Surgical Patterns of Practice and Outcomes in EUROPE and China:An Analysis of the EUROPEan Congenital Heart Surgeons Association Congenital Heart Surgery Database

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Congenital Heart Disease 2021年第1期16卷 17-25页

作者： Claudia Herbst Haibo Zhang Renjie Hu Jürgen Hörer Masamichi Ono Vladimiro Vida Tjark Ebels Andrzej Kansy Jeffrey P.Jacobs Zdzislaw Tobota Bohdan Maruszewski Department of Surgery Division of Cardiac Surgery and Pediatric Heart CenterMedical University ViennaViennaAustria Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery Shanghai Children’s Medical CenterShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department for Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery German Heart Center MunichTechnische Universität MünchenDivision for Congenital and Pediatric Heart SurgeryUniversity Hospital of MunichLudwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMunichGermany Pediatric and Cardiac Surgery Unit Department of Cardio Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Cardiothoracic Surgery Amsterdam University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery Children’s Memorial Health InstituteWarsawPoland St.Petersburg FLUSA

Background:The EUROPEan Congenital Heart Surgeons Association(ECHSA)Congenital Heart Surgery Database(CHSD)was founded in 1999 and is open for worldwide participation.The current dataset includes a large amount of surgical data from both EUROPE and China.The purpose of this analysis is to compare patterns of practice and outcomes among pediatric congenital heart defect surgeries in EUROPE and China using the ECHSA-CHSD.Methods:We examined all EUROPEan(125 centers,58,261 operations)and Chinese(13 centers,23,920 operations)data in the ECHSA-CHSD from 2006-2018.Operative mortality,postoperative length of stay,median patient age and weight were calculated for the ten benchmark operations for China and EUROPE,respectively.Results:Benchmark procedure distribution frequencies differed between EUROPE and China.In China,ventricular septal defect repair comprised approximately 70%of procedures,while Norwood operations comprised less than one percent of all procedures.Neonatal cardiac procedures were rare in China overall.For procedures in STAT mortality category 1,Chinese centers had lower operative mortality rates,while procedures in categories 3 and 5 mortality is lower in EUROPEan centers.Operative mortality over the time period decreased from 3.89%to 1.64%for the whole cohort,with a sharper decline in China.This drop coincides with an increase of submitted procedures over this 13-year-period.Conclusion:Chinese centers had higher programmatic volume of congenital heart surgeries,while EUROPEan centers have a more complex case mix.Palliation for patients with functionally univentricular heart was performed less commonly in China.These comparison of patterns of practice and outcomes demonstrate opportunities for continuing bidirectional transcontinental collaboration and quality improvement.

关键词： Outcomes congenital heart surgery China EUROPE database

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Estimating geographic concentrations of quaternary industries in EUROPE using Artificial Light-At-Night (ALAN) data

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2017年第9期10卷 861-870,871-878页

作者： Natalya A.Rybnikova Boris A.Portnov Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management University of HaifaHaifaIsrael

Mapping geographic concentrations of quaternary industries(QIs)may help to assess regional performance and formulate informed development policies.However,fine resolution data on QIs concentrations are sparsely reported.Thus,for the year 2010,only 45%of all NUTS3 regions(i.***.regions of the third and most detailed level of the Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics of the EU)provide relevant information.In this study,we investigate a possibility that artificial light-at-night(ALAN),captured by satellite sensors,can help to identify geographic concentrations of QIs.In this study,we use year-2010 NUTS3 Eurostat data,and combine them with data on ALAN intensities,obtained from the U.S.Defense Meteorological Satellite Program(US-DMSP)for the years 2000 and 2010.In both ordinary least squares(OLS)and spatial dependency(SD)models,ALAN emerged as a statistically significant predictor(t=8.392–14.608;PEUROPEan NUTS3 regions with missing data.

关键词： Quaternary industries(QIs) artificial light-at-night(ALAN) NUTS3 regions EUROPE

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City in transition: Podgorica, EUROPE's youngest capital city

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2019年第1期8卷 55-65页

作者： Emina Zejnilovic Erna Husukic Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Department of Architecture International Burch University Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina

Podgorica, known as the “city under the mountain,” rests at the intersection of five rivers and is EUROPE's youngest capital. Over a 2000-year-long history, Podgorica has experienced turbulence. The city has suffered conquests, wars, nearly complete destruction in WWII, associated with war-related conflicts in the 1990s, and gained its independence at the beginning of the 21st century. Today, Podgorica is a vibrant, dynamic, and rapidly growing city, with current developments that reflect the consequences of post-socialist economic, institutional, social, and cultural transition. In this case study, the development of the built environment of Podgorica is presented in six stages: Roman, Ottoman, Principality of Montenegro and Kingdom of Yugoslavia, socialist, transitional, and con temporary. The study shows the in fluence of each period in the development of the city and highlights two major challenges of present-day architecture, that is, growing into a modern-day metropolis and the challenge of juxtaposing contemporary Podgorica w让h Titograd and old Podgorica.

关键词： Podgorica City in transition Post-socialist identity Iconic building Southeastern EUROPE

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Shadow Education in EUROPE: Growing Prevalence, Underlying Forces, and Policy Implications

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ECNU Review of Education 2021年第3期4卷 442-475页

作者： Mark Bray East China Normal University

Purpose:Private supplementary tutoring,widely known as shadow education,has long been visible in East Asia,and now has spread to other parts of the world including EUROPE.This article maps the phenomenon,showing variations within EUROPE and analyzing its growth,underlying forces,and policy implications.Design/Approach/Methods:The article assembles a regional picture from available national sources.It focuses on the 28 members of the EUROPEan Union.Findings:Within EUROPE,four subregions may be identified.Most prominent for the longest duration has been Southern EUROPE,pushed by political forces and cultural factors.In Eastern EUROPE,shadow education became prominent following the collapse of the Soviet Union and accompanying economic and social structures during which teachers and others had to earn extra incomes.In Western EUROPE,the advent of marketization alongside government schooling has fueled the growth of shadow education.Only in Northern EUROPE does shadow education remain modest in scale,but it is growing there too.Originality/Value:The article identifies forces underlying the growth of shadow education in EUROPE and highlights policy implications.By contributing this regional perspective to the wider literature on shadow education,the article permits juxtaposition with patterns in East Asia and elsewhere.

关键词： EUROPE market forces policies privatization private tutoring shadow education

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Prostate cancer screening in EUROPE and Asia

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Asian Journal of Urology 2017年第2期4卷 86-95页

作者： Kai Zhang Chris H.Bangma Monique J.Roobol Department of Urology Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands

Prostate cancer(PCa)is the second most common cancer among men worldwide and even ranks first in EUROPE.Although Asia is known as the region with the lowest PCa incidence,it has been rising rapidly over the last 20 years mostly due to the introduction of prostate-specific antigen(PSA)testing.Randomized PCa screening studies in EUROPE show a mortality reduction in favor of PSA-based screening but coincide with high proportions of unnecessary biopsies,overdiagnosis and subsequent overtreatment.Conclusive data on the value of PSA-based screening and hence the balance between harms and benefits in Asia is still lacking.Because of known racial variations,Asian countries should not directly apply the EUROPEan screening models.Like in the western world also in Asia,new predictive markers,tools and risk stratification strategies hold great potential to improve the early detection of PCa and to reduce the worldwide existing negative aspects of PSA-based PCa screening.

关键词： Prostate cancer Early detection Biomarkers Imaging Risk prediction EUROPE Asia

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Approximations to the Genuine Dialectics of the Enlightenment: On Husserl’s EUROPE, “Social Justice Theory”, and the Ethics of Semiosis

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Language and Semiotic Studies 2021年第3期7卷 6-31页

作者： Göran Sonesson Lund University Sweden

In Krisis,and in many of the preparatory papers for his last published work,Edmund Husserl repeatedly declares his allegiance to the Enlightenment,but,at the same time,always expresses his misgivings about its concrete purport.Like Horkheimer and Adorno,but for somewhat different reasons,he thus succumbs to what Ferrone has termed the philosopher’s conception of the Enlightenment,as opposed to that of the historian of ideas.No doubt Husserl is explicit about not aiming to write a history of ideas,but in so doing he misses the essential thrust of the Enlightenment as being a part of what he himself describes as the EUROPEan tradition.In accordance with his own notion of generativity,the Enlightenment must be seen as going well beyond the Greek beginnings by epitomizing,in the 18th century,the idea of human rights,as well as that of universal critique.Indeed,it is the discovery of the(rights of the)Other which justifies Husserl’s claim for EUROPE being the bearer of a universal meaning.These days,however,Enlightenment values,by means of a genuine dialectics,have been brought,in the guise of the so-called Social Justice Theory,to enter into contradiction with themselves,one of the victims of which is Husserl’s notion of EUROPE.Since the new struggle for Enlightenment,like the classical one,has to be fought out in the Public Sphere,we need to develop a novel Ethics of communication.

关键词： critique Enlightenment Ethics EUROPE Lifeworld natural science

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China-EUROPE Higher Education Cooperation: Opportunities and Challenges

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Frontiers of Education in China 2019年第2期14卷 167-179页

作者： Yuzhuo CAI School of Management University of TampereTampere 33014Finland

This article introduces Frontiers of Education in China’s special issue on China-EUROPE higher education cooperation.It is more than simply an introduction to the five studies collected for the special issue.Rather,it provides an overview of higher education cooperation between China and EUROPE from the perspective of opportunities and challenges.Such background information will help readers not only better understand the studies included in the special issue,but also link these studies to a bigger picture of China-EUROPE higher education cooperation.

关键词： higher education cooperation internationalization of higher edu-cation China EUROPE China-EU relations

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Mitigation of Mycotoxins during Food Processing:Sharing Experience among EUROPE and South East Asia

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粮油食品科技 2021年第6期29卷 59-70页

作者： Paula Alvito Jonathan Barcelo Johan De Meester Elias Rito Michele Suman Food and Nutrition Department National Institute of Health Dr.Ricardo JorgeAvenida Padre Cruz1649-016 LisboaPortugal CESAM Centre for Environmental and Marine StudiesUniversity of AveiroCampus Universitário de Santiago3810-193 AveiroPortugal School of Natural Sciences Saint Louis UniversityBonifacio StreetBaguio CityPhilippines Cargill R&D Centre EUROPE Havenstraat 84B-1800 VilvoordeBelgium EUROPEan Association of Chemical Distributors Rue du Luxembourg16B 1000 BrusselsBelgium Barilla SpA-Advanced Research Laboratory via Mantova 166-43122 ParmaItaly

Worldwide the issue of mycotoxins results in economic losses estimated at billions of dollars and toxicological risk for both humans and animals.Preventive measures also include decontamination and mitigation actions that can be carried out through food processing.Several proposals have been tested and illustrated also in scientific papers during the last decades,however clear,easy to implement,practical suggestions and guidelines for process adaptation are much more needed.EUROPE and South East Asia can find synergies and complementarities moving from processing to analysis,from risk assessment to reduction strategies,from gap-analysis to communication roadmaps.Stakeholders from both EUROPE and Southeast Asia must then ensure that there is a way to ease and harmonize the regulation in the food supply chain in order to ensure food safety and at the same time facilitate trade in both regions,taking into account of the various landscapes,agrosystems and also different consumer preferences within the countries themselves.Concerning the example of cereals,processing steps cover primary processing(cleaning and milling operations)and secondary processing procedures(such as fermentation and thermal treatments during baking),special attention is devoted to the production of baked goods and to the estimation of processing factors for DON in wheat bread production especially in EUROPE.With reference instead to the specific context of Asian producers,a case-study focuses on ochratoxin A in coffee in Southeast Asia region,combining the expertise of the farming community,coffee industry and science researchers.The strategy to reduce mycotoxins in a farm setting poses several challenges to coffee farmers:it needs to be analyzed in the context of good agricultural practices,socioeconomic and behavioral factors of both coffee producers and consumers.As the world becomes more globalized,food and feed supply chains also become more complexed and hence,a more comprehensive strategy to ensure food contaminants mitigation is needed.

关键词： mitigation food processing mycotoxins cereals coffee EUROPE South East Asia

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A field parcel-oriented approach to evaluate the crop cover-management factor and time-distributed erosion risk in EUROPE

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第1期11卷 43-59页

作者： Francis Matthews Gert Verstraeten Pasquale Borrelli Panos Panagos EUROPEan Commission Joint Research Centre(JRC)IspraItaly Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU LeuvenBelgium Department of Science Roma Tre University00146RomeItaly

The crop cover-management(C-)factor in arable landscapes describes the soil erosion susceptibility associated with seasonally cultivated crops.Previous informatic and computational limitations have led many modelling studies to prescribe C-factor values and assume spatial and temporal stationarity.However,the multiple influencing factors ranging from parcel-scale crop cultivation and management to regional-scale rainfall regimes motivates new methods to capture this variation when identifying at-risk areas.Here,we define a multi-component method to derive the C-factor by associating time series of canopy and residue surface cover from Sentinel-2 and climate-specific rainfall erosivity with Integrated Administration and Control System(IACS)field parcel data from EUROPEan Union member states.A scalable and standardised method is emphasised to increase the future interoperability and inter-comparability of soil erosion modelling studies deploying the C-factor.Additionally,field parcel simu-lation units with associated crop declarations provide a new reference scale to link predictions of soil erosion risk with specific management decisions and declarations by farmers.After implementing the method on a homogenised subsample of 8600 field parcels covering available IACS regions,several key findings are outlined:1)time series information provides new opportunities to predict the time-criticality of erosion in specific crop cultivations,2)the varying(a-)synchronicity between seasonal crop canopy cover and heavy rainstorms means that spatial variability is inherent within the C-factor across EUROPE,and 3)the addition of agricultural management practices(e.***.tillage practice de-scriptions)to open-access IACS repositories can facilitate more comprehensive evaluations of the C-factor and soil erosion risk.

关键词： C-factor Soil erosion Modelling Remote sensing Crop-phenology IACS data Soil conservation EUROPE

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