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Molecular Plant 2019年第12期12卷 1624-1638页

作者： Tuo Qi Jia Guo Peng Liu Fuxin He Cuiping Wan Md Ashraful Islam Brett M.Tyler Zhensheng Kang Jun Guo State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiP.R.China Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA

Puccinia striiformis ***(Pst),a biotrophic plant pathogen,secretes numerous effectors to modulate host defense *** the molecular mechanisms by which Pst effectors regulate wheat immunity is of great importance for the development of novel strategies for durable control of stripe *** this study,we identified a glycine-serine-rich effector gene,PstGSRE1,which is highly induced dur-ing early *** expression of PstGSRE1 RNAi constructs in wheat significantly reduced virulence of Pst and increased H2O2 accumulation in ***1 was shown to target the reactive ox-ygen species(ROS)-associated transcription factor TaLOL2,a positive regulator of wheat ***1 disrupted nuclear localization of TaLOL2 and suppressed ROS-mediated cell death induced by TaLOL2,thus compromising host *** work reveals a previously unrecognized strategy whereby rust fungi exploit the PstGSRE1 effector to defeat ROS-associated plant defense by modulating the subcellular compartment of a host immune regulator and facilitate pathogen infection.

关键词： host-induced gene silencing effector glycine-serine-rich transcription factor Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici reactive oxygen species

Phosphorylation of the Pseudomonas effector AvrPtoB by Arabidopsis SnRK2.8 Is Required for Bacterial Virulence

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Molecular Plant 2020年第10期13卷 1513-1522页

作者： Lei Lei Danielle M.Stevens Gitta Coaker Department of Plant Pathology University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCAUSA

A critical component controlling bacterial virulence is the delivery of pathogen effectors into plant cells during *** alter host metabolism and immunity for the benefit of *** effectors are phosphorylated by host kinases,and this posttranslational modification is important for their *** sought to identify host kinases involved in effector *** phosphorylated effector residues matched the proposed consensus motif for the plant calcium-dependent protein kinase(CDPK)and Snf1-related kinase(SnRK)*** conserved Pseudomonas effector AvrPtoB acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and promotes bacterial *** this study,we identified a member of the Arabidopsis SnRK family,SnRK2.8,which interacts with AvrPtoB in yeast and in *** showed that SnRK2.8 was required for AvrPtoB virulence functions,including facilitating bacterial colonization,suppression of callose deposition,and targeting the plant defense regulator NPR1 and analyses receptor *** spectrometry analysis revealed that AvrPtoB phosphorylation occurs at multiple serine residues in planta,with S258 phosphorylation significantly reduced in the snrk2.8 *** phospho-'null'mutants exhibited compromised virulence functions and were unable to suppress NPR1 accumulation,FLS2 accumulation,or inhibit FLS2-BAK1 complex formation upon flagellin *** together,these data identify a conserved plant kinase utilized by a pathogen effector to promote disease.

关键词： Arabidopsis Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrPtoB kinase SnRK2.8

The Fusarium oxysporum Avr2-Six5 effector Pair Alters Plasmodesmatal Exclusion Selectivity to Facilitate Cell-to-Cell Movement of Avr2

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Molecular Plant 2018年第5期11卷 691-705页

作者： Lingxue Cao Mila C. Blekemolen Nico Tintor Ben J.C. Cornelissen Frank L.W. Takken Molecular Plant Pathology Swammerdam Institute for Life Science University of Amsterdam 1098 XH Amsterdam the Netherlands

Pathogens use effector proteins to manipulate their hosts. During infection of tomato, the fungus Fusarium oxysporum secretes the effectors Avr2 and Six5. Whereas Avr2 suffices to trigger I-2-mediated cell death in heterologous systems, both effectors are required for I-2-mediated disease resistance in tomato. How Six5 participates in triggering resistance is unknown. Using bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays we found that Avr2 and Six5 interact at plasmodesmata. Single-cell transformation revealed that a 2xRFP marker protein and Avr2-GFP only move to neighboring cells in the presence of Six5. Six5 alone does not alter plasmodesmatal transduction as 2xRFP was only translocated in the presence of both effectors. In SIX5-expressing transgenic plants, the distribution of virally expressed Avr2-GFP, and subsequent onset of I-2-mediated cell death, differed from that in wild-type tomato. Taken together, our data show that in the presence of Six5, Avr2 moves from cell to cell, which in susceptible plants contributes to virulence, but in I-2 containing plants induces resistance.

关键词： Plasmodesmata immunity effector pathogen Fusarium disease

UVI_02019870, a Puptive effector from Ustilaginoidea virens, Interacts with a Chloroplastic-Like Protein OsCPL1

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2020年第3期89卷 681-690页

作者： Shuai Li Jianming Zhou Shibo Xiang Songhong Wei Department of Plant Pathology College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang110866China

Ustilaginoidea virens,which causes rice false smut(RFS),is one of the most detrimental rice fungal diseases and poses a severe threat to rice production and *** in *** often act as a group of essential virulence factors that play crucial roles in the interaction between host and the ***,the functions of individual effectors in *** need to be further ***,we found a small secreted hypersensitive response-inducing protein UVI_02019870 was highly conserved in ***,we performed Y2H and BiFC assay to demonstrated UVI_02019870 interacted with OsCPL1,which was predicted as a chloroplast precursor to regulate chloroplast signaling *** data provide a theory for gaining an insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the UVI_02019870 virulence function.

关键词： effector Ustilaginoideavirens chloroplast interaction pathogenicity

TOPLESS promotes plant immunity by repressing auxin signaling and is targeted by the fungal effector Naked1

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Plant Communications 2022年第2期3卷 92-111页

作者： Fernando Navarrete Michelle Gallei Aleksandra EKornienko Indira Saado Mamoona Khan Khong-Sam Chia Martin A.Darino Janos Bindics Armin Djamei Gregor Mendel Institute(GMI) Austrian Academy of Sciences(OEAW)Vienna BioCenter(VBC)Dr.Bohr-Gasse 31030 ViennaAustria Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research(IPK) OT GaterslebenCorrensstraße 306466 Stadt SeelandGermany Present address:Institute of Science and Technology Austria Am Campus 13400 KlosterneuburgAustria Present address:Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Dr.Bohr-Gasse 31030 ViennaAustria Present address:Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation University of BonnBonnGermany

In plants,the antagonism between growth and defense is hardwired by hormonal *** perception of pathogen-associatedmolecularpatterns(PAMPs)frominvadingmicroorganismsinhibits auxin signalingand plant ***,pathogens manipulate auxin signaling to promote disease,but how this hormone inhibits immunity is not fully *** maydis is a maize pathogen that induces auxin signaling in its *** characterized a *** effector protein,Naked1(Nkd1),that is translocated into the host *** its native ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression(EAR)motif,Nkd1 binds to the transcriptional co-repressors TOPLESS/TOPLESS-related(TPL/TPRs)and prevents the recruitment of a transcriptional repressor involved in hormonal signaling,leading to the derepression of auxin and jasmonate signaling and thereby promoting susceptibility to(hemi)biotrophic pathogens.A moderate upregulation of auxin signaling inhibits the PAMP-triggered reactive oxygen species(ROS)burst,an early defense ***,our findings establish a clear mechanism for auxin-induced pathogen *** Nkd1 variants with increased expression or increased EAR-mediated TPL/TPR binding trigger typical salicylic-acid-mediated defense reactions,leading to pathogen *** implies that moderate binding of Nkd1 to TPL is a result of a balancing evolutionary selection process to enable TPL manipulation while avoiding host recognition.

关键词： topless auxin pattern-triggered immunity PTI effector maize Ustilago maydis

Memory AND effector cells in children with bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts

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Open Journal of Immunology 2012年第4期2卷 202-209页

作者： Monika Palacios-Martínez María Cristina González-Torres Leonor Rodríguez-Cruz Rubén D. Martínez-Pérez Consuelo del Carmen Cortés-Bejar Fernando Valencia-Chavarria Daniel Martínez-Gómez Oralia Nájera-Medina Departamento de Atención a la Salud Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal Facultad de Medicina-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Hospital Materno-Pediátrico Xochimilco del Gobierno del DF

Infections in infants and children under five years of age are a public health in México and are one of the major causes of death. Methods In this study, lymphocyte immunophenotyping for CD3+ (T-cells), CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD3+CD19+, CD3+CD16/56+, CD45RA+, CD45RO+, CD62L- and CD28- were determined in the whole blood of gastrointestinal and respiratory bacterial infected children, using a four-color flow cytometry technique. Results: Our data showed that the percentages and the absolute numbers of monocytes and granulocytes are increased in infected children, when compared to the control group. Similarly, we observed increases in the percentages of B lymphocytes, CD8+ cells, memory T cells (CD4+CD45RO+ and CD8+CD45RO+) and effector lymphocytes (CD4+CD62L? and CD8+CD28?) in infected children compared with the control group. In contrast, naive T cells were decreased in the bacterial infected children relative to the control group. Additionally, we used ELISA assays to identify the pathogen agent in gastrointestinal and respiratory infection. Comparing different types of infection, we found that the children with respiratory bacterial infections had higher percentages of B lymphocytes, and cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8+CD28-);and the children with gastrointestinal infections had higher percentages of CD3+ lymphocytes and effector cells (CD4+CD62L-). Conclusions The increase in B lymphocytes and CD8+CD28- cells in the children with respiratory infections and the increase of T lymphocytes and CD4+CD62L- cells in the children with gastrointestinal bacterial infections indicate that both cellular and humoral responses coincide, and both responses are necessary for eliminating the pathogen.

关键词： Memory Cells effector Cells Bacterial Infection Immune Response

Changes and effects of helper T cells and their effector molecules on disease aggravation in patients with chronic hepatitis B. MO Ruidong

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China Medical Abstracts(Internal Medicine) 2014年第3期31卷 144-145页

作者：莫瑞东 Dept Infect Dis Ruijin HospShanghai Jiaotong Univ Med Sch

Objective To investigate the role of helper T cell(Th)1,Th17 and Th22 and their effector molecules including interferon-gamma,interleukin(IL)-17 and IL-22in active phase of chronic hepatitis B(CHB)and acuteon-chronic liver failure(ACLF).Methods Forty-five CHB patients and 38 ACLF patients at Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine were included,and 26 healthy controls(HC)were also *** heparinized peripheral blood was

关键词： effector helper interferon interleukin gamma Fresh enrolled stimulated cytometry creased

An effector protein of the wheat stripe rust fungus targets chloroplasts to suppress chloroplast-mediated host immunity

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An effector protein of the wheat stripe rust fungus targets ...

Roles of SNARE protein MoSnc1 in effector secretion of the rice blast fungus

中国植物病理学会2019年学术年会

作者： Xu Qiang Tang Chunlei Zhao Jinren Sun Shutian Wang Xiaodong Kang Zhensheng Wang Xiaojie State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection Northwest A&F University

Chloroplasts are important for photosynthesis and plant immunity against microbial ***,there is only limited knowledge on fungal effectors targeting chloroplasts to promote infection of plant pathogenic ***,we identified and characterized a novel haustorium-specific protein from Puccinia striformis ***(Pst) that was secreted and translocated into chloroplasts after the cleavage at the predicted transit *** expression of Pst12806 inhibited BAX-induced cell death in Nicotiana and reduced Pseudomonas-induced hypersensitive response in *** suppressed plant basal immunity by reducing callose deposition and the expression of defense-related ***2806 was highly expressed during infection and the growth and development of Pst were compromised in Pst2806 knockdown plants by HIGS,likely due to increased ROS ***2806 interacted with the TaISP protein of the Cyt b6/f complex and the binding of Pst2806 with its C-terminal Rieske domain disrupted the chloroplast *** of Pst2806 in plants decreased the electron transport rate(ETR),reduced photosynthesis,and attenuated the production of chloroplast-derived *** TaISP by VIGS in a susceptible wheat cultivar reduced fungal growth and uredinium development,suggesting an increase in resistance against Pst *** together,our results showed that Pst2806 is translocated into chloroplasts to perturb photosynthesis to avoid triggering cell death and support pathogen survival on live plants,indicating the importance of interfering chloroplast functions during the infection of Pst and other biotrophic pathogens.

关键词： Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst) chloroplast effector photosynthesis plant immunity

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Roles of SNARE protein MoSnc1 in effector secretion of the r...

Molecular Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of TypeⅢSecretion System effector Protein HY 322 Gene of Vibrio alginolyticus

中国植物病理学会2019年学术年会

作者： Zhang Jin Yang Piao Wu Huiming Fang Wenqin Zheng Wenhui State Key Laboratory of Ecological pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry University

SNAREs（soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors） belong to a superfamily of transmembrane proteins locating on organelles and vesicular *** anchoring and fusion mediated by SNAREs are the main ways how materials and information are exchanged between organelles in endocytic secretory pathways of eukaryotic *** cerevisiae involves two v-SNAREs（Sncl,Snc2）,but only one v-SNARE exists in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae（named MoSnc1） and has not been systematically characterized so *** this study,we generated MoSNC1 gene knockout mutant in the *** analyses revealed that the fungal growth,conidiation and pathogenicity of AMosncl all decreased to some extents compared with that of the wild type Guy ***,we observed that MoSncl-GFP localized in a bright fluorescent punctum close to the tips of growing and invasive *** expressed the plasmid vector containing both of cytoplasmic effector Pw12-mCherry and apoplastic effector Bas4-GFP in the AMosncl and checked their localizations using a high-resolution laser confocal *** found that in AMosncl,Bas4-GFP was not completely located within the extra-invasive hyphal membrane（EIHM）,but partially mistakenly located into the vacuoles,and Pw12-mCherry showed several biotrophic interfacial complex（BICs）-like localizations,suggesting that MoSnc 1 is required for correct localizations of cytoplasmic and apoplastic effectors in *** the future,the mechanism of how SNARE proteins function in secretion of effector proteins of *** will be further studied,so as to pursue a clearer understanding of effector’s translocation in the rice blast fungus.

关键词： Magnaporthe oryzae MoSnc1 SNARE effector

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2018年第6期7卷 1-5,8页

作者： Shanshan LIANG Mingjie FAN Weijian LIANG Huanying PANG Chuanhao PAN Dawei SONG Mingsheng QIU Jichang JIAN Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University Shenzhen 510000China Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang524088China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemilogy for Aquatic Economic Animals/Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes Zhanjiang 524088China

In this study,Hy322 gene was cloned from Vibrio *** total length of its gene was 969 bp,and it could encode 322 amino *** physicochemical properties,protein structure,genetic evolutionary relationship and antigenic characteristics of the effector protein Hy322 of *** HY9901 type Ⅲ secretion system were studied and analyzed by bioinformatics methods and *** results showed that Hy322 is an unstable hydrophilic and acidic protein without a transmembrane region and a signal peptide,and secondary structure to α-*** evolutionary analysis showed that *** HY9901 and *** were clustered together,which indicated that the genetic relationship between the two species was ***322 contains a FliN super family conserved domain associated with Flagellar motor *** analysis showed that the B-cell preponderant epitopes of Hy322 might be localized in the regions of 32-33,100-102,138-140,215-216,235-238 and *** 3D structure model of Hy322 subunit was simulated by SWISS-MODEL software and itwas found that the yscQ of Yersinia were similar and the similarity was 42.25%.In this study,the feasibility of Hy322 as a common antigen of Vibrio was verified from the perspective of bioinformatics,which laid the foundation for the next step in vaccine development.

关键词： Vibrio alginolyticus TypeⅢsecretory system effector protein Bioinformatics analysis