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Microbiome dysbiosis and alcoholic liver disease

Liver Research 2019年第3期3卷 218-226页

作者： Fengyuan Li Craig J.McClain Wenke Feng Department of Medicine Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyAlcohol Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA

Microbiome dysbiosis is strongly associated with alcoholic liver disease(ALD).Recent studies on comprehensive analyses of microbiome compositional and functional changes have begun to uncover the mechanistic relation between microbiome and the pathogenesis of ALD.Importantly,targeting the microbiome has become a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of ALD.In this review,we summarize the clinical evidence of microbiome dysbiosis in ALD patients,and experimental advances in microbiome and metabolomic functional changes in animals with different species and genetic backgrounds in ALD.We also summarize the studies in humanized intestinal microbiome and fecal microbiota transplantation in mice.We introduce new developments in the studies on the role of the circulating bacterial microbiome,oral bacterial microbiome and fungal microbiome in the development of ALD.We highlight the potential mechanisms by which microbiome dysbiosis contributes to ALD,including short chain fatty acid changes,bile acid metabolism,intestinal barrier function,release of bacterial and fungal products,and inflammation.In addition,we summarize the recent developments targeting the microbiome in prevention and treatment of ALD,including dietary nutrient interference,herbal medicine,antibiotics,anti-fungal agents,probiotics,engineered bacterial therapy,fecal transplantation and oral hygiene.Although recent preclinical studies have advanced our understanding of the microbiome and ALD,clinical studies,especially prospective studies with large samples,are needed to better understand the cause-effect of microbiome dysbiosis in ALD.Identifying new precision-based strategies targeting the microbiome are expected to be developed as more effective therapies in ALD.©2019 The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.Publishing Services by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of KeAi Communications Co.,Ltd.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.

关键词： Microbiome dysbiosis Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)

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The influence of gut microbiota alteration on age-related neuroinflammation and cognitive decline

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第11期17卷 2407-2412页

作者： Amsha S.Alsegiani Zahoor A.Shah Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToledoToledoOHUSA

Recent emerging research on intestinal microbiota and its contribution to the central nervous system during health and disease has attra cted significant attention.Age-related intestinal microbiota changes initiate brain aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders.Aging is one of the critical predisposing risk factors for the development of neurodegenerative diseases.Maintaining a healthy gut microbiota is essential for a healthy body and aging,but dys biosis could initiate many chro nic diseases.Understanding the underlying mechanisms of gut microbiota alterations/dys biosis will help identify biomarkers for aging-related chro nic conditions.This review summarizes recent advances in micro biota-neurodegenerative disease research and will enhance our unde rstanding of gut microbiota dys biosis and its effects on brain aging.

关键词： brain aging cognitive decline dysbiosis fecal microbiota transplantation gut-microbiota neuroinflammation prebiotics probiotics

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A high-fiber diet synergizes with Prevotella copri and exacerbates rheumatoid arthritis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第12期19卷 1414-1424页

作者： Lingjuan Jiang Mengmeng Shang Shengnan Yu Yudong Liu Hui Zhang Yangzhong Zhou Min Wang Tingting Wang Hui Li Zhihua Liu Xuan Zhang Department of Medical Research Center National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational MedicinePeking Union Medical College HospitalDepartment of RheumatologyBeijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyInstitute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730China State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730China Department of Rheumatology Beijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyInstitute of Geriatric MedicineClinical Immunology CenterChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730China Department of Pathology Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730China Department of Internal Medicine Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730China Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Institute for Immunology School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Beijing100084China

Both preclinical and established rheumatoid arthritis(RA)patients display alterations in the gut microbiome.Prevotella spp.are preferentially enriched in a subset of RA patients.Here,we isolated a Prevotella strain,P.copri RA,from the feces of RA patients and showed that colonization of P.copri RA exacerbated arthritis in a collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)model.With the presence of P.copri RA colonization,a high-fiber diet exacerbated arthritis via microbial alterations and intestinal inflammation.Colonization of P.copri together with a high-fiber diet enabled the digestion of complex fiber,which led to the overproduction of organic acids,including fumarate,succinate and short-chain fatty acids.Succinate promoted proinflammatory responses in macrophages,and supplementation with succinate exacerbated arthritis in the CIA model.Our findings highlight the importance of dysbiosis when evaluating the effects of dietary interventions on RA pathogenesis and provide new insight into dietary interventions or microbiome modifications to improve RA management.

关键词： Rheumatoid arthritis dysbiosis Prevotella copri High-fber diet Microbiota-derived metabolites

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Gut microbiome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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国际肝胆胰疾病杂志:英文版 2023年第5期22卷 444-451页

作者： Meng-Yuan Wu Jian-Gao Fan Xiangya School of Medicine Central South UniversityChangsha 410013China Department of Gastroenterology Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200092China Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Shanghai 200092China

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally and imposed a heavy economic burden on society and individuals.To date,the pathological process of NAFLD is not yet fully elucidated.Compelling evidences have demonstrated the pivotal role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of NAFLD,and gut dysbiosis has been commonly observed in patients with NAFLD.Gut dysbiosis impairs gut permeability,allowing the translocation of bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharides(LPS),short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),and ethanol to the liver via portal blood flow.This review aimed to shed light on the underlying mechanisms by which gut microbiota influences the development and progression of NAFLD.In addition,the potential application of gut microbiome as a non-invasive diagnostic tool and a novel therapeutical target was reviewed.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Gut microbiome dysbiosis Intestinal permeability

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Gut microbiota-derived metabolites contribute negatively to hindgut barrier function development at the early weaning goat model

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 111-123页

作者： Ke Zhang Yangbin Xu Yuxin Yang Mengmeng Guo Ting Zhang Bo Zong Shuhong Huang Langda Suo Baohua Ma Xiaolong Wang Yujiang Wu Daniel Brugger Yulin Chen Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi ProvinceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China College of Veterinary Medicine Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China Institute of Animal Sciences Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry SciencesLhasa850009China Institute of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics Vetsuisse-FacultyUniversity of Zurich8057ZurichSwitzerland

Early weaning induces intestinal injury,leading to a series of long-term symptoms such as inflammation,malabsorption and diarrhea.In this study,we hypothesized that microbes and theirmetabolitesmodulate the host's inflammatory response to early weaning stress in a goatmodel.A total of 18 female Tibetan goat kids(n?9)wereweaned fromtheirmothers at 28 d(D28)and 60 d(D60)postpartum.D60 and D28 groupswere fed the same solid diet ad libitum fromweaning to 75 d of age.The colonic epithelium was subject to RNAsequencing,the caecal digesta metabolomics were assessed by liquid chromatographyetandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS),and the caecal microbiota composition was analysed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.We foundthatearlyweaningsubstantially increased the colonic pro-apoptotic gene expressionof B-cell lymphoma associated X(Bax),caspase-9,and caspase-3,and decreased the expression of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and claudin-1(P<0.01).In addition,a significant Bacteroides acidifaciens enrichmentwas observed in the hindgut of early-weaned goats(P<0.01),which negatively correlated with lysophosphatidylcholine products.Similarly,the chemokine signaling,IL-17 signaling,and peroxisome proliferatorsactivated receptor(PPAR)signaling pathways were upregulated in the colonic mucosa of the early-weaned goats.By applying caecal microbiota transplantation from goats to defaunated C57/6J mice,we confirmed that caecalmicrobiota of D28 goat kids increased the relative abundance of B.acidifaciens and significantly upregulated the genes of Bax,G proteinecoupled receptor(GPR)109A,GPR 43,fatty acid binding protein 6,nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3,angiotensin converting enzyme 2,and IL-6 expression(P<0.05),and decreased ZO-1,and claudin-1 protein expression in the mice jejunum and colon(P<0.001).These results proposed that the hindgut microbiota andmetabolites mediate the barrier functionweakening duringearlyweaning,and the relative abundance of B.acidifacienswas negatively correlatedwiththe hindgut barrier gene expression.Th

关键词： Hindgut microbiome Ruminant dysbiosis Inflammation Colon

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Perturbations of the ileal mycobiota by necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第2期13卷 520-535页

作者： Qing Yang Jing Liu Kelsy J.Robinson Melanie A.Whitmore Sydney N.Stewart Guolong Zhang Department of Animal and Food Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit USDA-Agricultural Research ServiceFayettevilleARUSA Safety and Security Division Institute for Public ResearchCNAArlingtonVAUSA

Background:Intestinal microbiota is critical for maintaining animal health and homeostasis.However,involvement of the fungal community,also known as the mycobiota,in animal health and disease is poorly understood.This study was aimed to examine the association between the intestinal mycobiota and the severity of necrotic enteritis(NE),an economically significant poultry disease.Methods:A total of 90 day-of-hatch Cobb broilers were infected with Eimeria maxima on d 10,followed by an oral challenge with C.perfringens on d 14 to induce NE,while another 10 broilers were served as mock-infected controls.On d 17,the lesions in the jejunum were scored,and the ileal digesta were subjected to DNA isolation and real-time PCR quantification of total bacterial and fungi populations.Internal transcribed spacer 2(ITS2)amplicon sequencing was also performed to profile the ileal mycobiota composition.Changes in the ileal mycobiota in response to NE were investigated.Spearman correlation analysis was further conducted to identify the correlations between relative abundances of individual ileal fungi and the severity of NE.Results:While the total bacterial population in the ileum was increased by 2-to 3-fold in NE chickens,the total fungal population was progressively declined in more exacerbated NE,with the most severely infected chickens showing a nearly 50-fold reduction relative to mock-infected controls.Richness of the ileal mycobiota also tended to reduce in chickens with NE(P=0.06).Compositionally,among 30 most abundant fungal amplicon sequence variants(ASVs),11 were diminished and 7 were enriched(P0.05).Multiple Wallemia and Aspergillus species were markedly diminished in NE(Pdysbiosis of the ileal mycobiota is induced evidently by NE and the extent of the dysbiosis is positively correlated with disease severity.These findings suggest a possible role of the intes

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance C.perfringens dysbiosis ITS sequencing Microbiome Mycobiota Necrotic enteritis Poultry

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Gut microbiota and COVID-19: An intriguing pediatric perspective

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第23期10卷 8076-8087页

作者： Maria Sole Valentino Claudia Esposito Simone Colosimo Angela Maria Caprio Simona Puzone StefanoGuarino Pierluigi Marzuillo Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice Anna Di Sessa Department of Woman Childand General and Specialized SurgeryUniversity of Campania Luigi VanvitelliNaples 80138Italy

Gastrointestinal(GI)involvement has been reported in approximately 50%of patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which is due to the pathogenic role of inflammation and the intestinal function of the angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 and its receptor.Accumulating adult data has pointed out that gut dysbiosis might occur in these patients with a potential impact on the severity of the disease,however the role of gut microbiota in susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 disease in children is still poorly known.During the last decades,the crosstalk between gut and lung has been largely recognized resulting in the concept of“gut-lung axis”as a central player in modulating the development of several diseases.Both organs are involved in the common mucosal immune system(including bronchus-associated and gut-associated lymphoid tissues)and their homeostasis is crucial for human health.In this framework,it has been found that the role of GI dysbiosis is affecting the homeostasis of the gutliver axis.Of note,a gut microbiome imbalance has been linked to COVID-19 severity in adult subjects,but it remains to be clarified.Based on the increased risk of inflammatory diseases in children with COVID-19,the potential correlation between gut microbiota dysfunction and COVID-19 needs to be studied in this population.We aimed to summarize the most recent evidence on this striking aspect of COVID-19 in childhood.

关键词： Gut Microbiota dysbiosis Microbiome COVID-19 Children

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Microbiota revolution:How gut microbes regulate our lives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第28期29卷 4368-4383页

作者： Marica Colella Ioannis Alexandros Charitos Andrea Ballini Concetta Cafiero Skender Topi Raffaele Palmirotta Luigi Santacroce Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine Section of Microbiology and VirologyUniversity of Bari“Aldo Moro”Bari 70124Italy Maugeri Clinical Scientific Research Institutes(IRCCS)of Pavia-Division of Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Scientific Institute of BariBari 70124Italy Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of FoggiaFoggia 71122Italy Department of Precision Medicine University of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples 80138Italy Area of Molecular Pathology Anatomic Pathology UnitFabrizio Spaziani HospitalFrosinone 03100Italy Department of Clinical Disciplines School of Technical Medical SciencesUniversity of Elbasan“A.Xhuvani”Elbasan 3001Albania

The human intestine is a natural environment ecosystem of a complex of diversified and dynamic microorganisms,determined through a process of competition and natural selection during life.Those intestinal microorganisms called microbiota and are involved in a variety of mechanisms of the organism,they interact with the host and therefore are in contact with the organs of the various systems.However,they play a crucial role in maintaining host homeostasis,also influencing its behaviour.Thus,microorganisms perform a series of biological functions important for human well-being.The host provides the microorganisms with the environment and nutrients,simultaneously drawing many benefits such as their contribution to metabolic,trophic,immunological,and other functions.For these reasons it has been reported that its quantitative and qualitative composition can play a protective or harmful role on the host health.Therefore,a dysbiosis can lead to an association of unfavourable factors which lead to a dysregulation of the physiological processes of homeostasis.Thus,it has previously noted that the gut microbiota can participate in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases,chronic intestinal inflammation,diabetes mellitus,obesity and atherosclerosis,neurological disorders(e.g.,neurological diseases,autism,etc.)colorectal cancer,and more.

关键词： Microbiology Human microbiota Intestinal microbiota Immune system Metabolites dysbiosis Probiotics Diseases Cancer

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Gastrointestinal microbiome and Helicobacter pylori:Eradicate,leave it as it is,or take a personalized benefit-risk approach?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第7期28卷 766-774页

作者： Stanislav Sitkin Leonid Lazebnik Elena Avalueva Svetlana Kononova Timur Vakhitov Department of Internal Diseases Gastroenterology and DieteticsNorth-Western State Medical University Named After I.I.MechnikovSt.Petersburg 191015Russia Non-Infectious Disease Metabolomics Group Institute of Experimental MedicineSt.Petersburg 197376Russia Epigenetics and Metagenomics Group Institute of Perinatology and PediatricsAlmazov National Medical Research CentreSt.Petersburg 197341Russia Department of Outpatient Therapy A.I.Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and DentistryMoscow 127473Russia Institute of Protein Research Russian Academy of SciencesPushchinoMoscow region 142290Russia

Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is generally regarded as a human pathogen and a class 1 carcinogen,etiologically related to gastric and duodenal ulcers,gastric cancer,and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.However,H.pylori can also be regarded as a commensal symbiont.Unlike other pathogenic/opportunistic bacteria,H.pylori colonization in infancy is facilitated by T helper type 2 immunity and leads to the development of immune tolerance.Fucosylated gastric mucin glycans,which are an important part of the innate and adaptive immune system,mediate the adhesion of H.pylori to the surface of the gastric epithelium,contributing to successful colonization.H.pylori may have beneficial effects on the host by regulating gastrointestinal(GI)microbiota and protecting against some allergic and autoimmune disorders and inflammatory bowel disease.The potential protective role against inflammatory bowel disease may be related to both modulation of the gut microbiota and the immunomodulatory properties of H.pylori.The inverse association between H.pylori and some potentially proinflammatory and/or procarcinogenic bacteria may suggest it regulates the GI microbiota.Eradication of H.pylori can cause various adverse effects and alter the GI microbiota,leading to short-term or long-term dysbiosis.Overall,studies have shown that gastric Actinobacteria decrease after H.pylori eradication,Proteobacteria increase during short-term follow-up and then return to baseline levels,and Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus increase in the short-term and interim follow-up.Various gastric mucosal bacteria(Actinomyces,Granulicatella,Parvimonas,Peptostreptococcus,Prevotella,Rothia,Streptococcus,Rhodococcus,and Lactobacillus)may contribute to precancerous gastric lesions and cancer itself after H.pylori eradication.H.pylori eradication can also lead to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota,with increased Proteobacteria and decreased Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria.The increase in gut Proteobacteria may contribute to adverse effects during and after er

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Eradication Gastrointestinal microbiota dysbiosis Fucosylated glycan Inflammatory bowel disease

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Gut microbiota,inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第30期28卷 4053-4060页

作者： Ana Elisa Valencise Quaglio Thais Gagno Grillo Ellen Cristina Souza De Oliveira Luiz Claudio Di Stasi Ligia Yukie Sassaki Departament of Biophysics and Pharmacology Sao Paulo State University(Unesp)Institute of BiosciencesBotucatu 18618-689Sao Paulo StateBrazil Department of Internal Medicine Sao Paulo State University(Unesp)Medical SchoolBotucatu 18618-686Sao Paulo StateBrazil

The gut microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms that inhabit the digestive tracts of humans,living in symbiosis with the host.dysbiosis,characterized by an imbalance between the beneficial and opportunistic gut microbiota,is associated with several gastrointestinal disorders,such as irritable bowel syndrome(IBS);inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),represented by ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease;and colorectal cancer(CRC).dysbiosis can disrupt the mucosal barrier,resulting in perpetuation of inflammation and carcinogenesis.The increase in some specific groups of harmful bacteria,such as Escherichia coli(E.coli)and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis(ETBF),has been associated with chronic tissue inflammation and the release of pro-inflammatory and carcinogenic mediators,increasing the chance of developing CRC,following the inflammationdysplasia-cancer sequence in IBD patients.Therefore,the aim of the present review was to analyze the correlation between changes in the gut microbiota and the development and maintenance of IBD,CRC,and IBD-associated CRC.Patients with IBD and CRC have shown reduced bacterial diversity and abundance compared to healthy individuals,with enrichment of Firmicute sand Bacteroidetes.Specific bacteria are also associated with the onset and progression of CRC,such as Fusobacterium nucleatum,E.coli,Enterococcus faecalis,Streptococcus gallolyticus,and ETBF.Future research can evaluate the advantages of modulating the gut microbiota as preventive measures in CRC high-risk patients,directly affecting the prognosis of the disease and the quality of life of patients.

关键词： Gut microbiota dysbiosis Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease Inflammatory bowel disease Colorectal cancer

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