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Human influence on the duration of extreme temperature events in Asia's hotspot regions

Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 312-326页

作者： Zi-Meng WANG Hong-Yun MA Wei LI Hai-Shan CHEN Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China

Observations and models indicate that human activities exert a considerable impact on the frequency and intensity of extreme temperature events,which are associated with global warming.However,changes in the duration of extreme temperature events and their association with human influence have not been considered in most studies.Thus,the possible relationship between the observed changes in the warm and cold spell duration(WSDI and CSDI)in hotspot regions during 1960-2014 and human influence was investigated based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis version 1 and Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)data.Constraint projection based on these attribution results was also performed.The optimal fingerprinting technique was used to compare observed changes in WSDI and CSDI to simulated changes averaged across eight CMIP6 models.Results show that anthropogenic(ANT)forcing contributed to the observed increase in WSDI in the three hotspot regions(West Asia,South Asia and Southeast Asia),with the majority of the changes being attributed to greenhouse gas forcing.However,a generally weak ANT signal can be observed in the decreasing trend of CSDI and can be detected in South and Southeast Asia.The influence of aerosol forcing remains undetected in either WSDI or CSDI,which differs from the results for frequency and intensity of extreme temperatures.The attribution results revealed that the constrained projection of WSDI is lower than the raw projection for 2015-2100 in West Asia and Southeast Asia.However,no differences in future CSDI changes are found in Southeast Asia between the constrained and raw projections.

关键词： Extreme temperature events duration Detection attribution Constraint projection Hotspot regions

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duration of acute kidney injury predicts 90-day mortality and chronic kidney disease progression in elderly patients

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2022年第2期2卷 110-117页

作者： Qinglin Li Yuru Li Feihu Zhou Department of Critical Care Medicine The First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China Department of Laboratory Test The Second Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China Chinese PLA General Hospital National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases Beijing 100853China

Background:This study evaluated the prognostic impact of acute kidney injury(AKI)duration on 90-d mortality and new-onset chronic kidney disease(CKD)progression in elderly patients.Methods:We retrospectively enrolled elderly patients(≥75 years;n=693)from the Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 1,2007 and December 31,2018.The 2012 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes(KDIGO)defined serum creatinine(Scr)criteria were used to identify and classify AKI.Patients were divided into transient AKI(T-AKI)and persistent AKI(P-AKI)groups based on whether Scr levels returned to baseline within 48 h post-AKI.We further classified P-AKI based on AKI duration:(1)short duration:resolving AKI lasting 3–4 days;(2)medium duration:resolving AKI lasting 5–7 days;and(3)long duration:AKI lasting>7 days.Results:Among patients,62(9.0%)had T-AKI(1–2 days),104(15.0%)had short-duration,140(20.2%)had medium-duration,and 387(55.8%)had long-duration.In total,209(30.2%)died within 90 days;122(25.2%)developed CKD.After adjusting for multiple covariates,duration of AKI(3–4 days:hazard ratio[HR]=2.512;P=0.045;5–7 days:HR=3.154;P=0.015;>7 days:HR=6.212;Pduration(3–4 days:odds ratio[OR]=0.982;P=0.980;5–7 days:OR=1.322;P=0.661;>7 days:OR=7.007;Pduration is useful for predicting poorer clinical outcomes in elderly patients,emphasizing the importance of identifying an appropriate treatment window for early intervention.

关键词： Acute kidney injury duration Elderly Mortality Renal function

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The duration of acute kidney injury is an additional parameter to predict1-year survival in very elderly patients

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2023年第3期3卷 283-290页

作者： Qinglin Li Yan Wang Feihu Zhou Department of Critical Care Medicine The First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China Department of Cardiology The Second Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China Chinese PLA General Hospital National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases Beijing 100853China Medical Engineering Laboratory of Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853China

Background:Acute kidney injury(AKI)is primarily defined and classified according to the magnitude of theelevation of serum creatinine(Scr).We aimed to determine whether the duration of AKI adds prognostic valuein addition to that obtained from the magnitude of injury alone.Methods:This retrospective study enrolled very elderly inpatients(≥75 years)in the Chinese PLA General Hospitalfrom January 2007 to December 2018.AKI was stratified by magnitude according to KDIGO stage(1,2,and 3)andduration(1–2 days,3–4 days,5–7 days,and>7 days).The primary outcome was the 1-year mortality after AKI.Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to identify covariates associated with the 1-year mortality.The probability of survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method,and curves were compared using thelog-rank test.Results:In total,688 patients were enrolled,with the median age was 88(84–91)years,and the majority(652,94.8%)were male.According to the KDIGO criteria,317 patients(46.1%)had Stage 1 AKI,169(24.6%)hadStage 2 AKI,and 202(29.3%)had Stage 3 AKI.Of the 688 study subjects,61(8.9%)with a duration of AKIlasted 1–2 days,104(15.1%)with a duration of AKI lasted 3–4 days,140(20.3%)with a duration of AKI lasted5–7 days,and 383(55.7%)with a duration of AKI lasted>7 days.Within each stage,a longer duration of AKIwas slightly associated with a higher rate of 1-year mortality.However,within each of the duration categories,the stage of AKI was significantly associated with 1-year mortality.When considered separately in multivariateanalyses,both the duration of AKI(3–4 days:HR=3.184;95%CI:1.733–5.853;P7 days:HR=1.766;95%CI:1.017–3.065;P=0.043)and more advanced AKIstage(Stage 2:HR=3.063;95%CI:2.207–4.252;Pduration were independently associated withan increased risk of 1-year mortality.H

关键词： Acute kidney injury duration Very elderly 1-Year mortality

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A comparison of the effect of Vitamin D and Vitamin E supplementations,alone,and in combination,on reducing the intensity and duration of dysmenorrhea in women:A randomized controlled trial

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Journal of Integrative Nursing 2023年第1期5卷 21-26页

作者： Tahereh BEHROUZI LAK Nader AGHAKHANI Davoud VAHABZADEH Samereh EGHTEDAR Rozita CHERAGHI Nazafarin GHASEMZADEH Vahid ALINEJAD Maryam MESGARZADEH Reproductive Health Research Center Urmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran Food and Beverages Safety Research Center Urmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry Faculty of MedicineIlam University of Medical SciencesIlamIran Department of Medical Surgical Nursing School of Nursing and MidwiferyUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran Department of Medical Ethics Faculty of MedicineUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran Department of Biostatics Faculty of MedicineUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran Department of Midwifery School of Nursing and MidwiferyUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran

Objective:The aim of this study is to compare the effect of Vitamin D and Vitamin E supplementations,alone,and in combination,on reducing the intensity and duration of dysmenorrhea in women who were referred to the Kowsar gynecological clinics of Shahid Motahari Hospital of Urmia University of Medical Sciences.Materials and Methods:A double-blinded clinical trial was conducted on 112 women with dysmenorrhea who were randomly allocated into the four study groups.Finally,100 women complete the study and received capsules containing a placebo(n=25),1000 IU of Vitamin D(n=25),400 mg of Vitamin E(n=25),and 1000 IU of Vitamin D+400 mg of Vitamin E(n=25)every 24 h for 2 consecutive months at the beginning of the menstrual period.The pain intensity and duration among groups were compared before and after the intervention.Results:The mean menstrual pain duration in all three experimental groups(Vitamin E,Vitamin D,and the combination of them)was lower than the placebo group(all P<0.05),and the mean pain intensity scores in all three experimental groups were significantly lower than the placebo group(all P<0.05).The results(means)for all of the drugs administered at the end of the 2nd month were better than the 1st month(all P<0.01).Conclusions:Vitamin E and Vitamin D,as well as their combination,are recommended as an effective and safe treatment for the management of the complications of dysmenorrhea.

关键词： duration dysmenorrhea intensity randomized controlled trial Vitamin D Vitamin E women

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Inflammation and cancer: paradoxical roles in tumorigenesis and implications in immunotherapies

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第1期10卷 151-164页

作者： Xinghan Liu Lijie Yin Sunan Shen Yayi Hou The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Division of ImmunologyMedical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210093China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210093China

Chronic inflammation caused by persistent infections and metabolic disorders is thought to contribute to the increased cancer risk and the accelerated cancer progression.Oppositely,acute inflammation induced by bacteria-based vaccines or that is occurring after cancer selectively inhibits cancer progression and metastasis.However,the interaction between inflammation and cancer may be more complex than the current explanations for the relationship between chronic and acute inflammation and cancer.In this review,we described the impact of inflammation on cancer on the basis of three perspectives,including inflammation with different durations(chronic and acute inflammation),different scopes(systemic and local inflammation)and different occurrence sequences(inflammation occurring after and before cancer).In addition,we also introduced bacteria/virus-based cancer immunotherapies.We perceive that inflammation may be a double-edged sword with cancer-promoting and cancer-suppressing functions in certain cases.We expect to further improve the understanding of the relationship between inflammation and cancer and provide a theoretical basis for further research on their complex interaction.

关键词： Cancer duration Inflammation Scope Sequence

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Long-term ceramic matrix composite for aeroengine

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2022年第9期11卷 1343-1374页

作者： Chaokun SONG Fang YE Laifei CHENG Yongsheng LIU Qing ZHANG Science and Technology on Thermostructure Composite Materials Laboratory Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Three strategies were proposed to prolong the service life of continuous fiber-reinforced silicon carbide ceramic matrix composite(CMC-SiC),which served as thermal-structure components of aeroengine at thermo-mechanical-oxygenic coupling environment.As for some thermal-structure components with low working stress,improving the degree of densification was crucial to prolong the service life,and the related process approaches were recited.If the thermal-structure components worked under moderate stress,the matrix cracking stress(σ^(mc))should be improved as far as possible.The fiber preform architecture,interface shear strength,residual thermal stress,and matrix strengthening were associated withσ_(mc)in this review.Introducing self-healing components was quite significant with the appearance of matrix microcracks when CMC-SiC worked at more severe environment for hundreds of hours.The damage can be sealed by glass phase originating from the reaction between self-healing components and oxygen.The effective self-healing temperature range of different self-healing components was first summarized and distinguished.The structure,composition,and preparation process of CMC-SiC should be systematically designed and optimized to achieve long duration target.

关键词： high degree of densification matrix cracking stress self-healing duration silicon carbide ceramic matrix composite(CMC-SiC)

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Effect of microstructure on short pulse duration shock initiation of TATB and initial response mechanism

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2020年第2期16卷 374-380页

作者： Jun Wang Wei Cao Xiang-li Guo Bi-bo Cheng Lu-lu Zhao Rui-rui Liu Xiao-wei Chen School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China Institute of Chemical Materials China Academy of Engineering PhysicsNo.64Mianshan RoadMianyang CityChina

Micro-TATB particles with different sizes and 3D nanoporous TATB architectures with different specific surface areas were prepared through recrystallization to study short pulse duration shock initiation properties by electric gun technology.For micro-TATB,the initiation threshold significantly decreases with TATB average size ranging from 79.7μm to 0.5μm.For 3D nanoporous TATB architecture,the initiation threshold decreases and then increases with specific surface areas increased from 9.6 m^2/g to36.2 m^2/g.The lowest initiation thresholds are obtained for the micro-TATB with average sizes of 1.3μm and 0.5μm,and 3D nanoporous TATB architecture with specific surface area of 22.4 m^2/g.The shock initiation thresholds of micro-TATB and 3D nanoporous TATB architectures show significantly decreases with the porosity increased.The decomposition reaction and thermal conductivity properties were further investigated to understand the initial response mechanism.High porosity provides more collapse sites to generate high temperature for formation of hot spots.The low thermal conductivity and decomposition temperature could enhance the formation and ignition of the hot spots,and initial decomposition reaction of TATB.The effect of the decomposition temperature is higher than that of the thermal conductivity on the shock initiation properties.The enhanced decomposition reaction could pro mote energy release and transfer process from the ignition to the combustio n.This work offe rs a new insight to understand the effects of microstructure on the shock initiation properties and the initial response mechanism of TATB.

关键词： Short pulse duration shock initiation Microstructure TATB architecture Chemical reaction Initial response mechanism

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gastrointestinal symptom prevalence depends on disease duration and gastrointestinal region in type 2 diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第36期23卷 6694-6704页

作者： Midori Fujishiro Akifumi Kushiyama Hiroki Yamazaki Sunao Kaneko Yuko Koketsu Takeshi Yamamotoya Takako Kikuchi Hideyuki Sakoda Ryo Suzuki Takashi Kadowaki Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Graduate School of Medicine the University of Tokyo Division of Diabetes and Metabolism Institute for Adult Diseases Asahi Life Foundation Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Shinko Hospital Department of Medical Science Graduate School of Medicine University of Hiroshima Division of Neurology Respirology Endo-crinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki

AIM To unravel relationships between gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms impairing quality of life(QOL)and clinical profiles of diabetes mellitus(DM)patients. METHODS We enrolled 134 outpatients with type 2 DM.Mean age was 64.7 years,mean body mass index was 24.7 RESULTS Lower abdominal symptoms were found to be more frequent than those affecting the upper abdomen.Diabetic duration and medications showed associations with GI symptoms.We identified differences in peak prevalences of the five symptoms.Gastralgia(P=0.02vs 10-14 years)and total GI symptoms(P=0.01 and P=0.02 vs 5-9 years and 10-14 years,respectively)peaked at a diabetes duration of 15-19 years.Heartburn(P=0.004)and postprandial fullness(P=0.03)tended to increase with disease duration.Constipation and diarrhea showed bimodal peaks,with the first early and the second late(e.g.,P=0.03 at 15-19 years vs 10-14years for diarrhea)in the disease course.Finally,GI symptoms showed clustering that reflected the region of the GI tract affected,i.e.,constipation and diarrhea had similar frequencies(P<0.0001). CONCLUSION Our study highlights the importance of questioning patients about QOL impairment due to abdominal symptoms,especially in the early and the late periods of diabetes.

关键词： Gastrointestinal symptoms Questionnaire survey Disease duration Type 2 diabetes Quality of life Gastrointestinal tract regions

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Mining Typical Treatment duration Patterns for Rational Drug Use from Electronic Medical Records

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2019年第5期28卷 602-620页

作者： Jingfeng Chen Chonghui Guo Leilei Sun Menglin Lu Institute of Systems Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China SKLSDE and BDBC Lab Beihang University Beijing 100083 China

Rational drug use requires that patients receive medications for an adequate period of time.The adequate duration time of medications not only improve the therapeutic effect of medicines,but also reduce the side effects and adverse reactions of medicines.This paper proposes a data-driven method to mine typical treatment duration patterns for rational drug use from electronic medical records (EMRs).Firstly,a quintuple is defined to describe drug use duration statistics (DUDS) for each drug and treatment record is further represented with DUDS vector (DUDSV).Next a similarity measure method is adopted to compute the similarity between treatment records.Meanwhile,a clustering algorithm is used to cluster all patient treatment records to extract typical treatment duration patterns including typical drug sets,effective drug use day sets,and the DUDSs of each typical drug.Then the extracted typical treatment duration patterns are evaluated and annotated based on patients' demographic information,disease severity scores,treatment outcome and diagnostic information.Finally,a real-world EMR dataset is performed to indicate that the approach we proposed can effectively mine typical treatment duration patterns from EMRs and recommend the appropriate treatment regimens for patients based on their admission information.

关键词： EMR data mining rational drug use typical treatment duration pattern similarity measure clustering

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A higher-order duration calculus and its completeness

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2000年第6期43卷 625-640页

作者：詹乃军 Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

This paper studies how to describe the real-time behaviour of programs using duration calculus. Since program variables are interpreted as functions over time in real-time programming, and it is inevitable to introduce quantifications over program variables in order to describe local variable declaration and declare local channel and so on. Therefore to establish a higher-order duration calculus (HDC) is necessary. We first establish HDC, then show some real-time properties of programs in terms of HDC, and then, prove that HDC is complete on abstract domains under the assumption that all program variables vary finitely.

关键词： duration calculus higher-order logics real-time programs super-dense computation completeness.

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