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Potentially inappropriate prescribing of cardiovascular system and antiplatelet/anticoagulant drugs among elderly patients:a Korean population-based national study

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2021年第5期18卷 327-337页

作者： Jongyeon Kim Euna Han Hee-Jin Hwang Hyeonseok Cho Young-Sang Kim Hyejin Chun Jinkwon Kim Yon Chul Park Hye-Young Kang Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine and Regulatory Sciences Colleges of Medicine and PharmacyYonsei UniversityIncheonSouth Korea College of Pharmacy Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesYonsei UniversityIncheonSouth Korea Department of Family Medicine Catholic Kwandong University International St.Mary’s HospitalIncheonSouth Korea Department of Family Medicine CHA Bundang Medical CenterCHA UniversitySeongnamSouth Korea Department of Neurology Yongin Severance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineYonginSouth Korea Department of Family Medicine Wonju Severance Christian HospitalWonjuSouth Korea

OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescribing(PIP)for cardiovascular system(CVS)and antiplatelet/anticoagulant(AP/AC)drugs among Korean elderly patients,using the Screening Tool of Older Persons’Prescriptions(STOPP)criteria version 2 and to identify the risk factors related to PIP.METHODS The 2016 National Aged Patient Sample data,comprising National Health Insurance claim records for a random sample of 20%of patients aged≥65 years,were used to calculate PIP prevalence of outpatient prescriptions.For criteria including drugdisease interactions,PIP prevalence per indication was estimated.RESULTS Among 1,274,148 elderly patients and 27,062,307 outpatient prescription claims,100,085 patients(7.85%)and 341,664 claims(1.27%)had one or more PIP.The most frequent PIP was“nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug with concurrent antiplatelet agent(s)without protonpump inhibitor prophylaxis”in the claimlevel(0.97%)and patientlevel(6.33%)analyses.“Betablocker with bradycardia”(16.47%of claims)and“angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with hyperkalaemia”(23.89%of claims)showed the highest PIP prevalence per indication.Logistic regression analysis revealed that,among the patient and health care provider characteristics,female,older age,more severe comorbidities,polypharmacy,higher level of healthcare organization,and specialty of prescriber were significantly associated with a higher risk of PIP.CONCLUSIONS Our findings of a high prevalence of PIP for CVS and AP/AC drugs among the elderly suggest that an effective strategy is urgently needed to improve the prescription practices of these drugs.

关键词： drugs patients prescription

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Available drugs and supplements for rapid deployment for treatment of COVID-19

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2021年第3期13卷 232-236页

作者： Danielle Cicka Vikas P.Sukhatme Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Medicine Department of Hematology and Medical OncologyMorningside Center for Innovative and Affordable MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA

Effective treatment for COVID-19 remains elusive,though urgently needed in the current pandemic.Repurposing marketed therapies may be an effective strategy for finding treatments quickly and recently,in vitro and clinical testing of such therapies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has skyrocketed.However,not all marketed drugs showing in vitro efficacy could achieve therapeutic concentrations in humans and discernment of drugs that have favorable pharmacokinetic properties can save time and resources for future studies.

关键词： treatment drugs finding

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Combination of Chinese and Western Medicine to Prevent and Reverse Resistance of Cancer Cells to Anticancer drugs

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2020年第4期26卷 251-255页

作者： SUI Xin-bing XIE Tian Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityCollege of MedicineHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou(311121)China Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou(311121)China

Resista nee to anticancer drugs is a major problem in on cology,which causes the failure of an titumor treatme nt.A variety of factors con tribute to drug resistance,in eluding drug efflux and metabolism,tumor cell heteroge neity,tumor microenvironment stress-induced genetic or epigenetic alterations in the cancer cells and so on.However,how to circumvent this resista nee to improve antican cer efficacy remains to be determined.To circumvent chemotherapeutic resista nee,many reversal agents have been developed,but most of them fail in clinical trials due to severe adverse effects.Recently,several natural products have been reported to augme nt sen sitivity or overcome resista nee of an ticancer chemotherapeutic drugs,including elemene,curcumin,Shenqi Fuzheng Injection(参芪扶正注射液),PHY906,etc.Thus,understand!ng the novel function of Chinese medicine may allow us to develop a promising therapeutic approach to enhance the effects of anticancer strategies and preve nt or overcome their resista nee in the treatment of can cer patie nts.

关键词： Chinese medicine Western medicine integrative Chinese and Western medicine resistance an tica ncer drugs

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Current and New drugs for COVID-19 Treatment and Its Effects on the Liver

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2021年第3期9卷 436-446页

作者： Sandeep Satsangi Nitin Gupta Parul Kodan Department of Apollo comprehensive Liver Care Apollo HospitalBangaloreKarnatakaIndia Department of Infectious Diseases Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia Department of Medicine All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia

Corona virus disease(COVID)-19 is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(commonly referred to as SARS-CoV-2).In March 2020,the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic.Though the target organ for the virus is primarily the lungs,with the recent understanding of the pathobiology of this disease and the immune dysregulation associated with it,it is now clear that COVID-19 affects multiple organ systems.Several drugs and therapies have been tried or repurposed to combat the wrath posed by this disease.On October 22,2020,the USA Food and Drug Administration approved remdesivir for use in adults and pediatric patients(12 years of age and older).Several of the drugs being tried against COVID-19 have hepatotoxicity as their potential side effect.This review aims to provide the latest insights on various drugs being used in the treatment of COVID-19 and their effects on the liver.

关键词： COVID-19 drugs Liver Drug-induced liver injury

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Interaction between intercalation type anticancer drugs and DNA studied by ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy

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Science China Chemistry 1995年第5期38卷 555-563页

作者：赵晓杰陆冬生江山毛慈波范永昌安承武李再光 (State Key Laboratory of Laser Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China)

The interaction of typical intercalation type anticancer drugs, adriamycin (ADM) and aclacinomycin (ACM), with calf thymus DNA was studied first with ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy (UVRRS) The results demonstrate that the important information such as intercalation sites of drugs, the electronic interaction and the hydrogen bonds between drugs and DNA can be obtained by UVRRS. The method can also show the influence of drugs on DNA conformation and hydrogen bonds between bases of DNA.

关键词： ultraviolet resonance Raman anticancer drugs ADM and ACM interaction with DNA.

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Repurposing FDA-approved drugs for SARS- CoV-2 through an ELISA-based screening for the inhibition of RBD/ACE2 interaction

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Protein & Cell 2021年第7期12卷 586-591页

作者： Wenyu Fu Yujianan Chen Kaidi Wang Aubryanna Hettinghouse Wenhuo Hu Jing-Quan Wang Zi-Ning Lei Zhe-Sheng Chen Kenneth A.Stapleford Chuan-ju Liu Department of Orthopaedic Surgery New York University Medical Center301 East 17th StreetNew YorkNY 10003USA Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065USA Department of Pharmaceutical Science College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt.John’s UniversityNew YorkNY 11439USA Department of Microbiology New York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10016USA Department of Cell Biology New York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10016USA

Dear Editor,The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)global pandemic is caused by a novel coronavirus,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),which instigates severe and often fatal symptoms.As of September 4th,2020,more than 26 million cases of COVID-19 and almost 900,000 deaths have been reported to WHO.Based on Kissler and colleagues’modeled projections of future viral transmission scenarios,a resurgence in SARS-CoV-2 could occur over the next five years(Kissler et al.,2020).

关键词： ACE2 drugs acute

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Blood glucose changes surrounding initiation of tumor-necrosis factor inhibitors and conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in veterans with rheumatoid arthritis

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World Journal of Diabetes 2018年第2期9卷 53-58页

作者： Patrick R Wood Evan Manning Joshua F Baker Bryant England Lisa Davis Grant W Cannon Ted R Mikuls Liron Caplan Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center Division of Rheumatology University of Colorado Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center Division of Rheumatology University of Pennsylvania Omaha Veterans Affairs Medical Center Division of Rheumatology University of Nebraska Denver Health and Hospital Division of Rheumatology University of Colorado George Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center Division of Rheumatology University of Utah

AIM To determine the scope of acute hypoglycemic effects for certain anti-rheumatic medications in a large retrospective observational study. METHODS Patients enrolled in the Veterans Affairs Rheumatoid Arthritis (VARA) registry were selected who, during follow-up, initiated treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi's, including etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab, golimumab, or certolizumab), prednisone, or conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs(DMARDs), and for whom proximate random blood glucose (RBG) measurements were available within a window 2-wk prior to, and 6 mo following, medication initiation. Similar data were obtained for patients with proximate values available for glycosylated hemoglobin A1C values within a window 2 mo preceding, and 12 mo following, medication initiation. RBG and A1C measurements were compared before and after initiation events using paired t-tests, and multivariate regression analysis was performed including established comorbidities and demographics.RESULTS Two thousands one hundred and eleven patients contributed at least one proximate measurement surrounding the initiation of any examined medication. A significant decrease in RBG was noted surrounding 653 individual hydroxychloroquine-initiation events(-3.68 mg/dL, P = 0.04), while an increase was noted for RBG surrounding 665 prednisone-initiation events(+5.85 mg/d L, P < 0.01). A statistically significant decrease in A1C was noted for sulfasalazine initiation, as measured by 49 individual initiation events(-0.70%, P < 0.01). Multivariate regression analyses, using methotrexate as the referent, suggest sulfasalazine (β =-0.58, P = 0.01) and hydroxychloroquine(β =-5.78, P = 0.01) use as predictors of lower post-medicationinitiation RBG and A1C values, respectively. Analysis by drug class suggested prednisone (or glucocorticoids) as predictive of higher medication-initiation event RBG among all start events as compared to DMARDs, while this analysis did not show any drug class-level effect for TNFi. A di

关键词： Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs Drug toxicity Glucocorticoids Rheumatoid arthritis Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors

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Leishmaniasis:Current status of available drugs and new potential drug targets

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第6期5卷 485-497页

作者： Nisha Singh Manish Kumar Rakesh Kumar Singh Molecular Immunology Laboratory Department of BiochemistryFaculty of ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi-221 005India Department of Chemistry Bose InstituteAPC RoadKolkata-700009India

The control of Leishmania infection relies primarily on chemotherapy till date.Resistance to pentavalent antimonials,which have been the recommended drugs to treat cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis,is now widespread in Indian subcontinents.New drug formulations like amphotericin B,its lipid formulations,and miltefosine have shown great efGcacy to treat leishmaniasis but their high cost and therapeutic complications limit their usefulness.In addition, irregular and inappropriate uses of these second line drugs in endemic regions like state of Bihar, India threaten resistance development in the parasite.In context to the limited drug options and unavailability of either preventive or prophylactic candidates,there is a pressing need to develop true antileishmanial drugs to reduce the disease burden of this debilitating endemic disease.Notwithstanding significant progress of leishmanial research during last few decades, identification and characterization of novel drugs and drug targets are far from satisfactory.This review will initially describe current drug regimens and later will provide an overview on few important biochemical and enzymatic machineries that could be utilized as putative drug targets for generation of true antileishmanial drugs.

关键词： Leishmaniasis Drug resistance Drug targets drugs

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Effects of antidiabetic drugs on epicardial fat

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World Journal of Diabetes 2018年第9期9卷 141-148页

作者： Eleni Xourgia Athanasia Papazafiropoulou Andreas Melidonis 1st Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center Tzaneio General Hospital of Piraeus

Epicardial adipose tissue is defined as a deposit of adipocytes with pathophysiological properties similar to those of visceral fat, located in the space between the myocardial muscle and the pericardial sac. When compared with subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipocytes show higher metabolic activity, lipolysis rates, increased insulin resistance along with more steroid hormone receptors. The epicardial adipose tissue interacts with numerous cardiovascular pathways via vasocrine and paracrine signalling comprised of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines excretion. Both the physiological differences be-tween the two tissue types, as well as the fact that fat distribution and phenotype, rather than quantity, affect cardiovascular function and metabolic processes, establish epicardial fat as a biomarker for cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome. Numerous studies have underlined an association of altered epicardial fat morphology, type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) and adverse cardiovascular events. In this review, we explore the prospect of using the epicardial adipose tissue as a therapeutic target in T2 DM and describe the underlying mechanisms by which the antidiabetic drugs affect the pathophysiological processes induced from adipose tissue accumulation and possibly allow for more favourable cardiovascular outcomes though epicardial fat manipulation.

关键词： Epicardial fat Adipose tissue Type 2 diabetes mellitus Antidiabetic drugs

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs:What is the actual risk of liver damage?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第45期16卷 5651-5661页

作者： Fernando Bessone Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Rosario School of Medicine2000RosarioArgentina

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) constitute a family of drugs, which taken as a group, represents one of the most frequently prescribed around the world. Thus, not surprisingly NSAIDs, along with antiinfectious agents, list on the top for causes of DrugInduced Liver Injury (DILI). The incidence of liver disease induced by NSAIDs reported in clinical studies is fairly uniform ranging from 0.29/100 000 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17-051] to 9/100 000 (95% CI: 6-15). However, compared with these results, a higher risk of liver-related hospitalizations was reported (3-23 per 100 000 patients). NSAIDs exhibit a broad spectrum of liver damage ranging from asymptomatic, transient, hyper-transaminasemia to fulminant hepatic failure. However, under-reporting of asymptomatic, mild cases, as well as of those with transient liver-tests alteration, in conjunction with reports non-compliant with pharmacovigilance criteria to ascertain DILI and flawed epidemiological studies, jeopardize the chance to ascertain the actual risk of NSAIDs hepatotoxicity. Several NSAIDs, namely bromfenac, ibufenac and benoxaprofen, have been withdrawn from the market due to hepatotoxicity; others like nimesulide were never marketed in some countries and withdrawn in others. Indeed, the contro-versy concerning the actual risk of severe liver disease persists within NSAIDs research. The present work intends (1) to provide a critical analysis of the dissimilar results currently available in the literature concerning the epidemiology of NSAIDS hepatotoxicity; and (2) to review the risk of hepatotoxicity for each one of the most commonly employed compounds of the NSAIDs family, based on past and recently published data.

关键词： Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Side effects Fulminant hepatic failure Cholestasis Liver damage Liver injury Hepatitis Hepatotoxicity

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