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Grain free diets for utility Dogs during training work: Evaluation of the nutrient digestibility and faecal characteristics

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第3期5卷 297-306页

作者： Biagina Chiofalo Giulia De Vita Vittorio Lo Presti Salvatore Cucinotta Gabriella Gaglio Francesco Leone Ambra R.Di Rosa Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Messina Polo Universitario Annunziata

Two different diets characterized by the absence of cereals or by the presence of conventional cereals were evaluated on the nutrient digestibility and faecal characteristics and faecal fermentative endproduct concentrations of 8 neutered adult Labrador retrievers housed at the Regional Centre Helen Keller(Messina,Italy)during the training work for the service guide for the blind.Dogs(age = 17 ± 1 months,initial body weight [BW]= 26.3 ± 1 kg.and body condition score [BCS]= 4.5 ± 0.11)were divided into 2 homogeneous groups for sex(half males and half females).Dogs in the grain free(GF)group were fed a commercial diet characterized by the absence of grain cereals,and Dogs in the control(CTR)group were fed a super-premium pet food characterized by conventional grains as the carbohydrate source.The trial lasted 84 d.preceded by a 7-d of adaption period.Physical examination,digestibility.and faecal characteristics were studied.The statistical model included the effects of diet(GF vs.CTR),time(from d 0 to 84.end of the trial)and the interaction(diet x time).The high-protein,lowcarbohydrate dry diet(GF)offered higher apparent nutrient digestibility of protein(+10%;P =0.002)and fat(+7%;PDogs to use nutrients from the diet more efficiently and thus requiring less food(-13%)to satisfy their nutrient requirements,producing less excrement(-33%;P= 0.033).and reaching a higher final BW(+8%;P<0.0001)and a higher final BCS(+15%;P= 0.003).Therefore,the GF diet appears the nutritional plan most suitable for these animals taking due account not only of the training work done by animals with their increased nutrient and energy needs,but also of the gastrointestinal disorders consequent to stress coming from work and life in kennels,which cause in the Labrador retrievers an unusual weight loss.

关键词： Utility Dog Grain free diet Nutrient digestibility Faecal quality Training work

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Slow-release praziquantel for Dogs:presentation of a new formulation for echinococcosis control

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1244-1254页

作者： Bin Jiang Xiao-Nong Zhou Hao-Bing Zhang Yi Tao Le-Le Huo Ni Liu National institute of parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention207 Ruijin Er RoadShanghai 200025China Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology Ministry of Health207 Ruijin Er RoadShanghai 200025China National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases Ministry of Science and Technology207 Ruijin Er RoadShanghai 200025China WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases 207 Ruijin Er RoadShanghai 200025China

Background:Echinococcosis is a serious,zoonotic,parasitic disease with worldwide distribution.According to a epidemiological survey in 2012 in China,there are 20,000 infected patients and more than 50 million people at the risk.As the Dog is the main,definitive host,the Government of China encourages monthly praziquantel treatment of every Dog.However,this is difficult to achieve in geographically challenging areas,such as the Tibetan plateau,where there are also many Dogs without owners.To overcome these problems,we investigated the transmission blocking capacity of a slow-release formulation of praziquantel administered by subcutaneous injection.Methods:The impact of a slow-release preparation of two pharmacokinetically stereoselective praziquantel enantiomers,i.e.,R-(−)-praziquantel(R-PZQ)and S-(+)-praziquantel(S-PZQ)absorbed into a biodegradable polymer was studied in beagle Dogs(N=6).The preparation was given by subcutaneous injection using a single dose of 100 mg/kg.Chiral-selective,high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS)were applied to measure the praziquantel enantiomers in the plasma of the Dogs.The lower limit for estimating plasma concentrations accurately for R-PZQ was 4 ng/ml and for S-PZQ 20 ng/ml.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by a noncompartmental analysis model using Drug Analyze System(DAS)software 2.0.The SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis,and the statistical comparison between enantiomers was assessed using the two-tailed t-test.Results:Two hours after administration,peak concentrations of R-PZQ and S-PZQ:321±26 and 719±263 ng/ml,respectively,were achieved.After 180 days,the average plasma concentration of R-PZQ in the six Dogs had decreased to 13 ng/ml.The average concentration value of S-PZQ was higher than that of R-PZQ in the first 90-day period but fell afterwards and could not be accurately estimated when dropping below 20 ng/ml(the lower methodological limit for this enantiomer).Taking all the Dogs into ac

关键词： Echinococcus Transmission-blocking Praziquantel Enantiomer In situ slow-release preparation Subcutaneous injection Pharmacokinetic Stereoselective Dog China

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Mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage regeneration in Dogs

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2019年第5期11卷 254-269页

作者： Akari Sasaki Mitsuru Mizuno Manabu Mochizuki Ichiro Sekiya Laboratory of Veterinary Emergency Medicine Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences the University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113- 8657 Japan Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Tokyo Medical and Dental University Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8519 Japan

Articular cartilage damage and osteoarthritis (OA) are common orthopedic diseases in both humans and Dogs. Once damaged, the articular cartilage seldom undergoes spontaneous repair because of its avascular, aneural, and alymphatic state, and the damage progresses to a chronic and painful situation. Dogs have distinctive characteristics compared to other laboratory animal species in that they share an OA pathology with humans. Dogs can also require treatment for naturally developed OA;therefore, effective treatment methods for OA are desired in veterinary medicine as well as in human medicine. Recently, interest has grown in regenerative medicine that includes the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In cartilage repair, MSCs are a promising therapeutic tool due to their self-renewal capacity, ability to differentiate into cartilage, potential for trophic factor production, and capacity for immunomodulation. The MSCs from Dogs (canine MSCs;cMSCs) share various characteristics with MSCs from other animal species, but they show some deviations, particularly in their differentiation ability and surface epitope expression. In vivo studies of cMSCs have demonstrated that intraarticular cMSC injection into cartilage lesions results in excellent hyaline cartilage regeneration. In clinical situations, cMSCs have shown great therapeutic effects, including amelioration of pain and lameness in Dogs suffering from OA. However, some issues remain, such as a lack of regulations or guidelines and a need for unified methods for the use of cMSCs. This review summarizes what is known about cMSCs, including their in vitro characteristics, their therapeutic effects in cartilage lesion treatment in preclinical in vivo studies, their clinical efficacy for treatment of naturally developed OA in Dogs, and the current limitations of cMSC studies.

关键词： Mesenchymal stem cell Dog Cartilage Osteoarthritis Regenerative medicine Veterinary medicine

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Trifocal distraction osteogenesis for reconstruction of skull defect

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第8期6卷 644-648页

作者： Ke Ke Hai-Song Xu Zhi-Hong Fan Department of Plastic Surgery Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University

Objective: To apply trifocal distraction osteogenesis in canine model of skull segmental defects and to provide reference for clinical treatment. Methods: Six labrador Dogs were selected in this study and divided into observation group and control group randomly. Each group contained 3 Dogs. Skull segmental defects models were established by surgery, and Dogs in bservation group received trifocal distraction osteogenesis treatment. Bone density was observed and compared between two groups during treatment. Results: There were no significant difference in bone density between two groups on th 1st day ( P>0.05). The bone density of observation group on the 30th day, and 60th day were higher than that of control group ( P<0.01). Conclusions: Trifocal distraction osteogenesis has significant clinical effect, and it would be widely used in clinical treatment.

关键词： Trifocal distraction osteogenesis Skull segmental defects Dog

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Racial differences in pet ownership in families of children with asthma

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世界儿科杂志:英文版 2016年第3期12卷 343-346页

作者： Shahid I Sheikh Judy Pitts Nancy A Ryan-Wenger Karen S McCoy Don Hayes Departments of Pediatrics The Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOhioUSA Internal Medicine The Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOhioUSA Section of Pulmonary Medicine Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA Department of Nursing Research Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA Section of Allergy/Immunology Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA

Background:Exposure to household domestic animals such as cats and Dogs in early life may have some role in pathogenesis of asthma.Racial differences exist in the prevalence of asthma.We hypothesized that there may also be racial differences in pet ownership in families with asthma.Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted from June 2011 to December 2014 on 823 of 850(97%)families of children with asthma for pet ownership.Comparisons among racial groups were done using chi square analysis and one-way analysis of variance.Results:The mean age of the cohort was 6.9±4.4 years.A total of 540(65.62%)patients were Caucasian,195(23.7%)African American,42(5.1%)hispanics,and 26(3.2%)biracial with one Caucasian parent.Pets in the home were reported by 470(58.5%)households.Signifi cantly fewer African American and hispanic families had pets in the home(26.9% and 44.7%)than biracial and Caucasian families(72% and 69.9%,PDogs(52% and 54.4%)or cats(25.4%and 40%)or both cats and Dogs(28% and 18%)than African Americans families(20.3%,P<0.001;7.1%,P<0.001)and(4.6%,P<0.001),respectively.Conclusion:Among families with asthmatic children,pet ownership is significantly more likely in Caucasian families compared with African-American and Hispanic families,thus there is a racial diversity in pet ownership among families of children with asthma.

关键词： asthma cat children Dog ethnicity pets

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Effect of flight transport stress on blood parameters in beagles and the anti-stress effect of dangshen

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2018年第2期1卷 162-168页

作者： Wang Liang Ling-Yu Zeng Chuan-Xin Yu Xiu-Xiu Gao Lu-Di Fu Xiao Wang Laboratory Animal Center Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Acupuncture Division Meizhou Second Chinese Medicine Hospital

Background: This study investigated the effect of flight transport stress on beagles' routine blood indexes and biochemical parameters and evaluated the anti-stress effect of dangshen(Codonopsis pilosula).Methods: We selected 12 beagles and divided them into two groups. One group was treated with dangshen decoction two hours before the flight, and the other group was untreated. Their routine blood indexes and clinical biochemical parameters were tested and analyzed before transport, after unloading and after adaptation for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 days after administering dangshen.Results: We found that flight transportation stress adversely influenced many of the beagles' routine blood indexes. These recovered during adaptation, with dangshen administration assisting recovery of most indexes. Flight transport stress also adversely influenced biochemical indexes in the beagles. Again these recovered during adaptation, and dangshen aided in the recovery.Conclusion: Thus, we found that flight transport adversely affected the beagles' blood indexes, and dangshen reversed the damage from transport stress.

关键词： adaptive breathing anti-stress beagle Dog dangshen flight

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Rapid and sensitive analysis of melatonin by LC-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic study in Dogs

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016年第2期11卷 273-280页

作者： Huimin Zhao Yifei Wang Yi Jin Shu Liu Haiyan Xu Xiumei Lu School of Pharmacy Shenyang Pharmaceutical University

A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated for determination of melatonin in Dog plasma using desvenlafaxine as an internal standard (IS). Plasma samples were pretreated by liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a C18 column at a flow rate of 0.2 ml/min by an isocratic mobile phase of methanol : 5 m M ammonium acetate : formic acid (40:60:0.1, v/v/v). Positive ion mode detection was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) at m/z 233.2→174.2 for melatonin and m/z 264.2→58.2 for desvenlafaxine.The method was linear in the concentration range of 0.020–10 ng/ml with a correlation coefficient ≥0.996. The intra-and inter-assay precision (%RSD) values were within 12.6% (LLOQ15.2%), and accuracy (%RE) ranged from -1.8% to 5.0% (LLOQ ±16.5%). The total analysis time was 3.0 min. The method was fully validated and successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of melatonin prolonged-release tablet in Beagle Dogs. The values of half-life and Tmax were similar to the corresponding data reported before.

关键词： Melatonin LC-MS/MS Dog plasma Pharmacokinetics

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Evaluation of pharmacokinetics underlies the collaborated usage of lamivudine and oxymatrine in beagle Dogs

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016年第5期11卷 641-647页

作者： Zhenbao Li Lei Shang Chang Liu Panqin Ma Chunnuan Wu Wenjuan Zhang Yinghua Sun Yongjun Wang Xiaohong Liu Jin Sun School of Pharmacy Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityNo.103Wenhua RoadShenyang 110016China School of Pharmacy China Medical UniversityNo.77 Puhe RoadShenyang North New AreaShenyang 110122China Kangya of Ningxia Pharmaceuticals Co.Ltd No.57 FuanWest LaneYinchuan 750002China Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital Tianjin 300060China Municipal Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics School of PharmacyShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityNo.103Wenhua RoadShenyang 110016China

Combinational therapy of lamivudine and oxymatrine has been employed in the battle against hepatitis B virus in clinical setting. However, the pharmacokinetic behavior of the drug or active metabolism in intravenous/oral co-administration regime is poorly investigated. Herein,we evaluated the pharmacokinetic characteristic through a tailor-designed 3 way crossoverLatin square experiment in adult male beagle Dogs. Six Dogs were randomly treated by intravenous administration of lamivudine(2.5 mg/kg), oxymatrine(15 mg/kg) and combinational dosage, named as intravenous regime. Meanwhile the other six Dogs were orally administrated with lamivudine(2.5 mg/kg), oxymatrine(15 mg/kg) and combinational dosage,named as oral regime. The pharmacokinetic feature in simultaneous oral treatment appeared to have no significant difference when compared with individual administration,even including matrine, the active metabolite of oxymatrine. In intravenous regime, the main pharmacokinetic parameters of simultaneous administration were nearly consistent with intravenous regime remedy. The collaborated application of lamivudine and oxymatrine contributed to non-distinctive pharmacokinetic fluctuations of beagle Dogs in intravenous/oral regime, compared with individual employment, which established a vital base for the clinical co-administration against hepatitis B. Furthermore, the present study demonstrated that the determination of pharmacokinetics between combinational and individual therapy might assist in the development of drug compatibility in clinical therapy.

关键词： Oxymatrine Lamivudine Matrine Beagle Dog Intravenous/oral regime

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Benefits of Ilizarov automated bone distraction for nerves and articular cartilage in experimental leg lengthening

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第9期8卷 688-696页

作者： Nathalia Shchudlo Tatyana Varsegova Tatyana Stupina Michael Shchudlo Marat Saifutdinov Andrey Yemanov Laboratory of Morphology FSBI Russian Ilizarov Scientific Center "Restorative Traumatology and Orthopaedics"

AIM To determine peculiarities of tissue responses to manual and automated Ilizarov bone distraction in nerves and articular cartilage.METHODS Twenty-nine Dogs were divided in two experimental groups: Group M-leg lengthening with manual distraction(1 mm/d in 4 steps), Group A-automated distraction(1 mm/d in 60 steps) and intact group. Animals were euthanized at the end of distraction, at 30 th day of fixation in apparatus and 30 d after the fixator removal. M-responses in gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles were recorded, numerical histology of peronealand tibialis nerves and knee cartilage semi-thin sections, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray electron probe microanalysis were performed.RESULTS Better restoration of M-response amplitudes in leg muscles was noted in A-group. Fibrosis of epineurium with adipocytes loss in peroneal nerve, subperineurial edema and fibrosis of endoneurium in some fascicles of both nerves were noted only in M-group, shares of nerve fibers with atrophic and degenerative changes were bigger in M-group than in A-group. At the end of experiment morphometric parameters of nerve fibers in peroneal nerve were comparable with intact nerve only in A-group. Quantitative parameters of articular cartilage(thickness, volumetric densities of chondrocytes, percentages of isogenic clusters and empty cellular lacunas, contents of sulfur and calcium) were badly changed in M-group and less changed in A-group.CONCLUSION Automated Ilizarov distraction is more safe method of orthopedic leg lengthening than manual distraction in points of nervous fibers survival and articular cartilage arthrotic changes.

关键词： Limb lengthening Articular cartilage Nerve Histomorphometry Dog

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Electron probe microanalysis оf experimentally stimulated osteoarthrosis in Dogs

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第9期8卷 681-687页

作者： Tatyana Stupina Michael Shchudlo Michael Stepanov Laboratory of Morphology FSBI Russian Ilizarov Scientific Center "Restorative Traumatology and Orthopaedics"

AIM To develop methods of articular cartilage preparation for X-ray-electron probe microanalysis and to study its elements content in experimental osteoarthrosis.METHODS Twenty Dogs aged 2-8 years were divided in research(aged 2 years, induction of osteoarthrosis-IOA) and intact group. Intact group included three subgroups(aged 2, 5 and 8 years). Samples of cartilage after araldite saturation and pouring were partially cut into semithin sections stained with methylene blue and with methylene blue-basic fuchsin. Their smooth surfaces were investigated by X-ray-electron probe microanalysis. Spatial distribution of sulfur, calcium and phosphorus and their concentrations(weight %) were investigated.RESULTS X-ray electron probe microanalysis revealed non-uniformsulfur distribution in cartilage of intact animals: Its content increases from superficial zone to deep one, this regularity was preserved in animals with IOA. Differences of IOA with spontaneous chondropathy were revealed. Spontaneous aging was characterized by calcium and phosphorus storage in deep and calcified zones and compensatory increase of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in intermediate and deep cartilage zones as evidenced by the metachromatic reaction and microanalysis data. Unlike spontaneous chondropathy connected with aging in experimentally stimulated osteoarthrosis more intensive storage of calcium but minor phosphorus in intermediate zone were marked. In IOA the calcified cartilage thinning and osteoclastic resorption are apparent with few changes of elements composition; the only difference from control is minority phosphorus content.CONCLUSION The obtained results demonstrate specific tricks of X-ray electron probe microanalysis and its possibility in the research of mechanisms of articular cartilage alterations in osteoarthrosis.

关键词： Osteoarthrosis Articular cartilage Dog X-ray electron probe microanalysis

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