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Eastern gray squirrels are consistent shoppers of seed traits:insights from discrete choice experiments

Integrative Zoology 2018年第3期13卷 280-296页

作者： Mekala SUNDARAM Nathanael I.LICHTI Nicole J.Olynk WIDMAR Robert K.SWIHART Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA Department of Agricultural Economics Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA

Seeds of many hardwood trees are dispersed by scatter-hoarding rodents,and this process is often mediated by the traits of *** numerous studies have linked seed traits to seed preference by rodents,little is known about how rodents forage for seeds when multiple desirable and undesirable seed traits are available ***,we adopt a novel method of designing choice experiments to study how eastern gray squirrels(Sciurus carolinensis)select for 6 traits(caloric value,protein content,tannin concentration,kernel mass,dormancy period and toughness of shell)among *** n=426 seed-pair presentations,we found that squirrels preferentially consumed seeds with short dormancy or tougher shells,and preferentially cached seeds with larger kernel mass,tougher shells and higher tannin *** incorporating random effects,we found that squirrels exhibited consistent preferences for seed traits,which is likely due to the fitness consequences associated with maintaining cached ***,we found that squirrels were willing to trade between multiple traits when caching seeds,which likely results in more seed species being cached in the ***,our approach allowed us to compute the relative values of different seed traits to squirrels,despite covariance among studied traits across seed *** addition,by investigating how squirrels trade among different seed traits,important insights can be gleaned into behavioral mechanisms underlying seed caching(and,thus,seed survival)dynamics as well as evolutionary strategies adopted by plants to attract seed *** describe how discrete choice experiments can be used to study resource selection in other ecological systems.

关键词： cached resources discrete choice experiment resource selection trade-offs trait-dependent

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Residents’ Preferences for Rural Housing Disaster Insurance Attributes in Central and Western Tibet

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第4期14卷 697-711页

作者： Tingting Yang Zitong Li Yuan Bai Xinli Liu Tao Ye Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Economics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Archives Department Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology(ESPRE) Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management Ministry of Emergency Management and Ministry of EducationBeijing 100875China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Understanding the heterogeneous preferences of individuals for disaster insurance attributes is critical for product improvement and policy *** an era of global environmental change,the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a hotspot of natural *** the capability of rural housing disaster insurance to foster local residents’disaster resilience is of great signifcance but remains under *** used a discrete choice experiment approach to provide the frst estimates of rural residents’preferences for rural housing disaster insurance attributes in central and western *** estimated residents’preferences and willingness-to-pay for the sum insured,subsidy rate,insured object,and perils *** potential impacts of increasing the sum insured,expanding the insured object,and lowering subsidy rates were *** results suggest that residents prefer products with a high sum insured,high subsidy rate,and a complete list of insured *** who have experienced specifc hazards tend to prefer the corresponding perils *** and residents who have a closer social network are more likely to purchase *** improvement and policy simulation results suggest that,while lowering the subsidy rate,increasing the sum insured and expanding the insured object could promote participation and improve residents’*** results could improve the understanding of the preferences of households in remote regions and support policy implementations.

关键词： discrete choice experiment Preference for insurance attributes Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Rural housing disaster insurance Willingness-to-pay

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Multi-national observational study to assess quality of life and treatment preferences in patients with Crohn’s perianal fistulas

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2023年第11期15卷 2537-2552页

作者： Chitra Karki Amod Athavale Vijay Abilash Gary Hantsbarger Parnia Geransar Kate Lee Slobodan Milicevic Marko Perovic Leanne Raven Magdalena Sajak-Szczerba Abigail Silber Annabelle Yoon Phil Tozer Global Evidence and Outcomes-Gastroenterology Takeda Pharmaceuticals United StatesIncCambridgeMA 02139United States Trinity Partners LLCWalthamMA 02451-7528United States Observational Research Takeda Pharmaceuticals United StatesIncCambridgeMA 02139United States Medical Affairs Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co.Opfikon 8152ZurichSwitzerland Research and Patient Programs Crohn’s and Colitis Canada600-60 St.Clair Avenue EastToronto M4T 1N5OntarioCanada Treasurer European Federation of Crohn’s&Ulcerative Colitis AssociationsBrussels B 1000Belgium Crohn’s and Colitis Australia Camberwell SouthVIC 3124Australia European Federation of Crohn’s&Ulcerative Colitis Associations Brussels B 1000Belgium Japan Medical Office Takeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedTokyo 103-8668Japan Department of Colorectal Surgery St Mark’s Hospital and Academic InstituteLondon HA13UJUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Patients with Crohn’s disease(CD)are at risk of developing complications such as perianal *** with Crohn’s perianal fistulas(CPF)are affected by fecal incontinence(FI),bleeding,pain,swelling,and purulent perianal discharge,and METHODS This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in patients with CD aged 21-90 years via a web-enabled questionnaire in seven countries(April-August 2021).Patients were recruited into three cohorts:Cohort 1 included patients without perianal fistulas;cohort 2 included patients with perianal fistulas without fistula-related surgery;and cohort 3 included patients with perianal fistulas and fistula-related *** patient-reported outcome measures were used to assess quality of *** of treatment preferences were measured using a discrete choice experiment(DCE).RESULTS In total,929 patients were recruited(cohort 1,n=620;cohort 2,n=174;cohort 3,n=135).Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire scores were worse for patients with CPF(cohorts 2 and 3)than for those with CD without CPF(cohort 1):Mean score 3.8 and 3.7 vs 4.1,respectively,(Pchoice:Mean relative importance 35.7 and 24.7,*** The burden of illness in CD is significantly higher for patients with CPF and patients rate lower postoperative discomfort and higher healing rates as the most desirable treatment attributes.

关键词： Burden of illness Crohn’s disease discrete choice experiment Perianal fistulas Patient-reported outcomes Treatment preferences

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