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Biochar for future and futuristic biochar

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Pedosphere 2023年第5期33卷 680-682页

作者： Hu CHENG Yang SONG Nanthi BOLAN Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China College of Biology and the EnvironmentNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western AustraliaNedland WA-6009Australia The UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western AustraliaNedland WA-6009Australia Healthy Environments and Lives(HEAL)National Research Network Nedland WA-6009Australia

Biochar,a close-to-natural product derived from renewable biomass resources,has proven to be a promising carbon-negative material for achieving sustainable development goals and improving the future well-being of ecosystems and human life.Over the past thousands of years,advances in biochar research could generally be divided into three stages:the historical application stage,the recognition and investigation stage,and the rapid engineered development and advancement stage.In this perspective,we describe the development history of biochar,discuss the features of futuristic biochar,and propose new research directions for biochar in the future.

关键词： directions char ecosystems

Reconstruction of Cherenkov image bymultiple telescopes of LHAASO-WFCTA

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2022年第4期6卷 544-557页

作者： F.Aharonian Q.An Axikegu L.X.Bai Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi J.T.Cai Zhe Cao Zhen Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang E.S.Chen Liang Chen Liang Chen Long Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen Y.Chen H.L.Cheng N.Cheng Y.D.Cheng S.W.Cui X.H.Cui Y.D.Cui B.D’Ettorre Piazzoli B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu Ddella Volpe K.K.Duan J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan Z.X.Fan J.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng X.T.Feng Y.L.Feng B.Gao C.D.Gao L.Q.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao W.K.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu F.L.Guo J.G.Guo X.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han H.H.He H.N.He S.L.He X.B.He Y.He M.Heller Y.K.Hor C.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu Q.Hu S.Hu S.C.Hu X.J.Hu D.H.Huang W.H.Huang X.T.Huang X.Y.Huang Y.Huang Z.C.Huang X.L.Ji H.Y.Jia K.Jia K.Jiang Z.J.Jiang M.Jin M.M.Kang T.Ke D.Kuleshov K.Levochkin B.B.Li Cheng Li Cong Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li H.Y.Li J.Li Jian Li Jie Li K.Li WLLi XRLi Xin Li Xin Li YZLi Zhe Li Zhuo Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu J.S.Liu J.Y.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.Liu Y.N.Liu W.J.Long R.Lu Q.Luo H.K.Lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma X.H.Ma J.R.Mao A.Masood Z.Min W.Mitthumsiri Y.C.Nan Z.W.Ou B.Y.Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei M.Y.Qi Y.Q.Qi B.Q.Qiao J.J.Qin D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz C.Y.Shao L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng J.Y.Shi H.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Y.Su Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.H.T.Tam Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian B.D.Wang C.Wang H.Wang H.G.Wang J.C.Wang J.S.Wang L.P.Wang L.Y.Wang R.Wang R.N.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Y.P.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.X.Wang Zhen Wang Zheng Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu H.R.Wu S.Wu X.F.Wu Y.S.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia J.J.Xia G.M.Xiang D.X.Xiao G.Xiao G.G.Xin Y.L.Xin Y.Xing Z.Xiong D.L.Xu R.X.Xu L.Xue D.H.Yan J.Z.Yan C.W.Yang F.F.Yang H.W.Yang J.Y.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang S.B.Yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao Y.M.Ye L.Q.Yin N.Yin X.H.You Z.Y.You Y.H.Yu Q.Yuan H.Yue H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng Z.K.Zeng M.Zha X.X.Zhai B.B.Zhang F.Zhang H.M.Zhang H.Y.Zhang J.L.Zhang L.X.Zhang Li Zhang Lu Zhang P.F.Zhang P.P.Zhang R.Zhang S.B.Zhang S.R.Zhang S. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place2DublinIreland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O.Box 10398069029 HeidelbergGermany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics BeijingChina University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026AnhuiChina School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031SichuanChina College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanChina School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006GuangdongChina Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy&Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000TibetChina National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024HebeiChina School of Physics and Astronomy(Zhuhai)&Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000China School of Physics(Guangzhou) Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275GuangdongChina Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Universitàdi Napoli“Federico II” Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelovia Cinthia80126 NapoliItaly School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091YunnanChina Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Facultéde SciencesUniversitéde Genève

Introduction One of main scientiﬁc goals of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO)is to accurately measure the energy spectra of different cosmic ray compositions around the‘knee’region.The Wide Field-of-View(FoV)Cherenkov Telescope Array(WFCTA),which is one of the main detectors of LHAASO and has 18 telescopes,is built to achieve this goal.Multiple telescopes are put together and point to connected directions for a larger FoV.Method Telescopes are deployed spatially as close as possible,but due to their own size,the distance between two adjacent telescopes is about 10 m.Therefore,the Cherenkov lateral distribution and the parallax between the two telescopes should be considered in the event building process for images crossing over the boundaries of FoVs of the telescopes.An event building method for Cherenkov images measured by multiple telescopes of WFCTA is developed.The performance of the shower measurements using the combined images is evaluated by comparing with showers that are fully contained by a virtual telescope in simulation.Results and conclusion It is proved that the developed event building process can help to increase the FoV of WFCTA by 30%while maintaining the same reconstruction quality,compared to the separate telescope reconstruction method.

关键词： method directions conclusion

Editorial of special issue on optical metasurfaces:fundamentals and applications

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Chinese Optics Letters 2023年第2期21卷 1-2页

作者： Li, Tao Zhang, Cheng Liu, Yongmin Nanjing University China Huazhong University of Science and Technology China Northeastern University United States

An optical metasurface is an ultrathin optical design composed of subwavelength meta-atoms that have demonstrated unprecedented capabilities in manipulating light propagation.By now,numerous functionalities have been realized,such as beam engineering,wave plates,polarizers,holograms,and metalenses.People are expecting a new version of metasurface 2.0 that will not only enrich the frontiers of optical sciences but also revolutionize traditional optical devices and technology in practical applications.Aiming to present the impressive progress in this field,Chinese Optics Letters publishes this special issue focusing on multifunctional metasurfaces,coupled plasmonic metasurfaces,reconfigurable metadevices,quantum metasurfaces for entangled photons,and neural network metadesigns that indicate the development directions of metasurfaces to a great extent.

关键词： surfaces frontier directions

Past, Present, and Future: How to Write an Impactful Review

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Advanced Photonics 2023年第4期5卷 1-2页

作者： Peng Xi Peking University College of Future Technology Department of Biomedical Engineering BeijingChina

Review articles play a crucial role in academia,offering a comprehen-sive synthesis of a particular field.A well-written review possesses the potential to exert a profound influence on the relevant scientific communities,by enabling readers to quickly grasp the development of a specific domain and the state of the art,while identifying potential research directions and challenges.

关键词： field directions synthesis

Critical Point of Ising Films with Different Growth directions

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Chinese Physics Letters 2000年第1期17卷 55-57页

作者：王怀玉周云松林多梁 Department of Physics Yantai UniversityYantai 264005 Department of Physics Capital Normal UniversityBeijing 100037 Department of Physics State University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY 14260-1500U.S.A.

The critical temperature Tc of a spin-1/2 Ising film of cubic structures is calculated by the variational cumulant expansion method for three directions of growth.The results from different growth directions are analysed and compared with each other.In the present model,the Tc values depend largely on the number of nearest neighbors in a monolayer for films with the same number of monolayers but grown in different directions.For sc,bcc and fee structures,the highest Tc is found along the(100),(110),and(111)direction,respectively.

关键词： directions Ising variational

Nonlinear Principal and Canonical directions from Continuous Extensions of Multidimensional Scaling

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Open Journal of Statistics 2014年第2期4卷 154-171页

作者： Carles M. Cuadras Department of Statistics University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain

A continuous random variable is expanded as a sum of a sequence of uncorrelated random variables. These variables are principal dimensions in continuous scaling on a distance function, as an extension of classic scaling on a distance matrix. For a particular distance, these dimensions are principal components. Then some properties are studied and an inequality is obtained. Diagonal expansions are considered from the same continuous scaling point of view, by means of the chi-square distance. The geometric dimension of a bivariate distribution is defined and illustrated with copulas. It is shown that the dimension can have the power of continuum.

关键词： Statistical Distances Orthogonal Expansions Principal directions of Random Variables Diagonal Expansions Copulas Uncountable Dimensionality

Space-Time-Coding Digital Metasurfaces:Principles and Applications

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Research 2021年第1期2021卷 961-985页

作者： Lei Zhang Tie Jun Cui State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China Institute of Electromagnetic Space Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China Center for Intelligent Metamaterials Pazhou LaboratoryGuangzhou 510330China

Space-time-modulated metastructures characterized by spatiotemporally varying properties have recently attracted great interest and become one of the most fascinating and promising research fields.In the meantime,space-time-coding digital metasurfaces with inherently programmable natures emerge as powerful and versatile platforms for implementing the spatiotemporal modulations,which have been successfully realized and used to manipulate the electromagnetic waves in both the spectral and spatial domains.In this article,we systematically introduce the general concepts and working principles of space-time-coding digital metasurfaces and provide a comprehensive survey of recent advances and representative applications in this field.Specifically,we illustrate the examples of complicated wave manipulations,including harmonic beam control and programmable nonreciprocal effect.The fascinating strategy of space-time-coding opens the door to exciting scenarios for information systems,with abundant applications ranging from wireless communications to imaging and radars.We summarize this review by presenting the perspectives on the existing challenges and future directions in this fast-growing research field.

关键词： surfaces versatile directions

Low-Temperature Photothermal Therapy:Strategies and Applications

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Research 2021年第1期2021卷 1085-1122页

作者： Xiulin Yi Qiu-Yi Duan Fu-Gen Wu State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast University2 Sipailou RoadNanjing 210096China

Although photothermal therapy(PTT)with the assistance of nanotechnology has been considered as an indispensable strategy in the biomedical field,it still encounters some severe problems that need to be solved.Excessive heat can induce treated cells to develop thermal resistance,and thus,the efficacy of PTT may be dramatically decreased.In the meantime,the uncontrollable diffusion of heat can pose a threat to the surrounding healthy tissues.Recently,low-temperature PTT(also known as mild PTT or mild-temperature PTT)has demonstrated its remarkable capacity of conquering these obstacles and has shown excellent performance in bacterial elimination,wound healing,and cancer treatments.Herein,we summarize the recently proposed strategies for achieving low-temperature PTT based on nanomaterials and introduce the synthesis,characteristics,and applications of these nanoplatforms.Additionally,the combination of PTT and other therapeutic modalities for defeating cancers and the synergistic cancer therapeutic effect of the combined treatments are discussed.Finally,the current limitations and future directions are proposed for inspiring more researchers to make contributions to promoting low-temperature PTT toward more successful preclinical and clinical disease treatments.

关键词： treatment thermal directions

Material Engineering in Gut Microbiome and Human Health

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Research 2022年第3期2022卷 145-176页

作者： Letao Yang Lin Y.Hung Yuefei Zhu Suwan Ding Kara G.Margolis Kam W.Leong Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA Department of Pediatrics Columbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Systems Biology Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

Tremendous progress has been made in the past decade regarding our understanding of the gut microbiome’s role in human health.Currently,however,a comprehensive and focused review marrying the two distinct fields of gut microbiome and material research is lacking.To bridge the gap,the current paper discusses critical aspects of the rapidly emerging research topic of“material engineering in the gut microbiome and human health.”By engaging scientists with diverse backgrounds in biomaterials,gut-microbiome axis,neuroscience,synthetic biology,tissue engineering,and biosensing in a dialogue,our goal is to accelerate the development of research tools for gut microbiome research and the development of therapeutics that target the gut microbiome.For this purpose,state-of-the-art knowledge is presented here on biomaterial technologies that facilitate the study,analysis,and manipulation of the gut microbiome,including intestinal organoids,gut-on-chip models,hydrogels for spatial mapping of gut microbiome compositions,microbiome biosensors,and oral bacteria delivery systems.In addition,a discussion is provided regarding the microbiome-gut-brain axis and the critical roles that biomaterials can play to investigate and regulate the axis.Lastly,perspectives are provided regarding future directions on how to develop and use novel biomaterials in gut microbiome research,as well as essential regulatory rules in clinical translation.In this way,we hope to inspire research into future biomaterial technologies to advance gut microbiome research and gut microbiome-based theragnostics.

关键词： biomaterials directions biome