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Diagnostic imaging, preautopsy imaging and autopsy findings of 8 AIDS cases： a comparative study

Chinese Medical Journal 2009年第18期122卷 2142-2148页

作者： LI Hong-jun GAO Yan-qing CHENG Jing-liang ZHANG Yu-zhong Department of Radiology First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China Therapeutic Centre for AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases Affiliated You'an Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100054 China Center for diagnostic Medical imaging Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 China

Background Aquired immune deficiency syndrome （AIDS） presents a challenge to medical researchers because of its unique pathological and clinical picture. The clinical data, particularly autopsy evidence, from China have failed to provide enough pathological and etiological evidence for AIDS diagnosis, which impairs the reliability of the diagnosis and our full understanding of the occurrence and development of AIDS complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the imaging and pathologic characteristics of AIDS. Methods Autopsy, imaging and pathological data from 8 cases of AIDS were retrospectively analyzed. Routine CT scanning of different body parts was performed during their periods of hospitalization. Transverse CT scanning was conducted from the skull to the pelvis immediately after the occurrence of death. After routine formalin fixing, 7 cardevers were cross sectioned for autopsy in freezing state and 1 for gross autopsy. Tissues were obtained from each section and organs for pathological examinations. Results The autopsy data indicated the presence of parasitic infections, bacterial infections, fungal infections, and virus infections in AIDS patients. Pneumocystis pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, coccobacteria pneumonia, Aspergillus pneumonia, cytomegaJovirus pneumonia, toxoplasma encephalitis, lymphoma and cerebrovascular diseases were found in these patients. Conclusions During the course of AIDS progression, the concurrent multiple infections as well as tumor development may resuJt in multiple organ pathological changes and clinically complex symptoms that further complicate the imaging and pathological manifestations, thus resulting in difficult differential diagnosis. A combination of imaging data and autopsy data can help to clarify the diagnosis.

关键词： AIDS pathology Diagnostic imaging autopsy

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Inflammation in human cerebral aneurysms: pathogenesis, Diagnostic imaging, genetics, and therapeutics

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Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation 2015年第1期2卷 77-85页

作者： Sarah A.Dooley Joseph S.Hudson David M.Hasan Department of Neurosurgery University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIA 52242USA Department of Neurosurgery University of IowaIowa CityIA 52242USA Department of Neurosurgery University of Iowa Hospital and ClinicsIowa CityIA 52240USA

Intracranial aneurysms are a life‑threatening cerebrovascular pathology with a probability of spontaneous rupture.Current intervention techniques carry inherent risk.Recent investigation has reinforced inflammation’s role in the pathophysiological process of cerebral aneurysms.These data suggest alternative diagnostic and noninvasive therapeutic strategies.Furthermore,novel characteristics of the underlying disease have been elucidated through distinct bioinformatic and gene expression profile analyses.This article will emphasize the most recent investigation,highlighting findings of clinical significance and etiological relevance.

关键词： Diagnostic imaging genetics intracranial aneurysms pathogenesis therape

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COVID-19 imaging:diagnostic approaches,challenges,and evolving advances

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World Journal of Radiology 2021年第6期13卷 171-191页

作者： Dante L Pezzutti Vibhor Wadhwa Mina S Makary Department of Radiology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States Department of Radiology Weill Cornell Medical CenterNew York CityNY 10065United States

The role of radiology and the radiologist have evolved throughout the coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Early on,chest computed tomography was used for screening and diagnosis of COVID-19;however,it is now indicated for high-risk patients,those with severe disease,or in areas where polymerase chain reaction testing is sparsely available.Chest radiography is now utilized mainly for monitoring disease progression in hospitalized patients showing signs of worsening clinical status.Additionally,many challenges at the operational level have been overcome within the field of radiology throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.The use of teleradiology and virtual care clinics greatly enhanced our ability to socially distance and both are likely to remain important mediums for Diagnostic imaging delivery and patient care.Opportunities to better utilize of imaging for detection of extrapulmonary manifestations and complications of COVID-19 disease will continue to arise as a more detailed understanding of the pathophysiology of the virus continues to be uncovered and identification of predisposing risk factors for complication development continue to be better understood.Furthermore,unidentified advancements in areas such as standardized imaging reporting,point-of-care ultrasound,and artificial intelligence offer exciting discovery pathways that will inevitably lead to improved care for patients with COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic Diagnostic imaging Radiography Computed tomography Outcomes Future trends

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Advanced radionuclides in diagnosis and therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2022年第7期33卷 3371-3383页

作者： Hu Chen Minglei Teng Hongrui Zhang Xiaoliu Liang Hongwei Cheng Gang Liu State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular diagnostics Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common primary malignant tumor of the liver,but early diagnosis and effective treatment are still difficult.With the development of radionuclide applications in medicine,nuclear medicine is playing an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.Radionuclide-based positron emission tomography-computed tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography molecular imaging are indispensable for assessing progression,staging,differentiation,preoperative planning,postoperative prediction,and evaluation of HCC in clinical applications.Moreover,radionuclide-based endoradiotherapy provides an objective therapeutic strategy for patients with unresectable advanced HCC.This review highlights the application and development of radionuclides in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.More efforts are warranted for the development of advanced radionuclides to make significant contributions in the treatment of HCC.

关键词： Radionuclide Hepatocellular carcinoma Diagnostic imaging Endoradiotherapy Precise medicine

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Liver volumetric and anatomic assessment in living donor liver transplantation: The role of modern imaging and artificial intelligence

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World Journal of Transplantation 2023年第6期13卷 290-298页

作者： Mayara Machry Luis Fernando Ferreira Angelica Maria Lucchese Antonio Nocchi Kalil Flavia Heinz Feier Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90020-090Brazil Postgraduation Program in Medicine:Hepatology Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90050-170Brazil

The shortage of deceased donor organs has prompted the development of alternative liver grafts for transplantation.Living-donor liver transplantation(LDLT)has emerged as a viable option,expanding the donor pool and enabling timely transplantation with favorable graft function and improved long-term outcomes.An accurate evaluation of the donor liver’s volumetry(LV)and anatomical study is crucial to ensure adequate future liver remnant,graft volume and precise liver resection.Thus,ensuring donor safety and an appropriate graftto-recipient weight ratio.Manual LV(MLV)using computed tomography has traditionally been considered the gold standard for assessing liver volume.However,the method has been limited by cost,subjectivity,and variability.Automated LV techniques employing advanced segmentation algorithms offer improved reproducibility,reduced variability,and enhanced efficiency compared to manual measurements.However,the accuracy of automated LV requires further investigation.The study provides a comprehensive review of traditional and emerging LV methods,including semi-automated image processing,automated LV techniques,and machine learning-based approaches.Additionally,the study discusses the respective strengths and weaknesses of each of the aforementioned techniques.The use of artificial intelligence(AI)technologies,including machine learning and deep learning,is expected to become a routine part of surgical planning in the near future.The implementation of AI is expected to enable faster and more accurate image study interpretations,improve workflow efficiency,and enhance the safety,speed,and cost-effectiveness of the procedures.Accurate preoperative assessment of the liver plays a crucial role in ensuring safe donor selection and improved outcomes in LDLT.MLV has inherent limitations that have led to the adoption of semi-automated and automated software solutions.Moreover,AI has tremendous potential for LV and segmentation;however,its widespread use is hindered by cost and availability.Therefore,the integrati

关键词： Liver transplantation Living-donor Diagnostic imaging Artificial intelligence Machine learning Deep learning

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Radiological imaging and non-surgical local treatments for cholangiocarcinoma

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Hepatoma Research 2022年第1期8卷 50-64页

作者： Angelo Della Corte Ettore Di Gaeta Stephanie Steidler Francesco De Cobelli Department of Radiology IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute20132 MilanItaly Vita-Salute University 20132 MilanItaly Experimental imaging Center IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute20132MilanItaly

Cholangiocarcinoma(CC)is a malignancy with a very heterogeneous spectrum of morphopathological and prognostic characteristics.Diagnostic imaging is fundamental for early detection,preoperative staging,and resectability assessment,as well as early recognition of prognostic factors.Radical surgical treatment is limited by disease stage and technical feasibility.Interventional radiology has acquired a critical function in addressing disease control and survival improvement through loco-regional therapies,specifically in the setting of intrahepatic CC.In this review,we will describe the current state of art of Diagnostic imaging,focusing on intrahepatic CC and proximal extrahepatic CC,and delineate the available loco-regional therapies strategies for unresectable intrahepatic CC.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Diagnostic imaging loco-regional therapies ablation embolization

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The application of FAPI-targeted theranostics in pancreatic cancer:a narrative review

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Journal of Pancreatology 2022年第2期5卷 78-86页

作者： Meixi Liu Marcus Hacker Li Huo Xiang Li The Nuclear Medicine Department State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesCenter for Rare Diseases ResearchBeijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear MedicinePeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Division of Nuclear Medicine Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies in the world.Cancer-associated fibroblasts are one of the main components of tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer and play an essential role in tumor progression.Fibroblast activation protein that is expressed in specific subtypes of cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes tumor growth and is related to poor survival.Recent researches have preliminarily demonstrated a promising potential of radiopharmaceuticals targeting fibroblast activation protein in diagnosis and therapy of pancreatic cancer.This article comprehensively reviews the current development and clinical translation of fibroblast activation protein inhibitor-targeting radiopharmaceuticals in pancreatic cancer and provides significant perspectives for future investigations.

关键词： Diagnostic imaging Fibroblast activation protein Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor Pancreatic cancer Radiopharmaceuticals Theranostics

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Angio-Computed Tomograph-Guided Immediate Lipiodol Computed Tomograph for Diagnosis of Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma Lesions during Transarterial Chemoembolization

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Chinese Medical Journal 2018年第20期131卷 2410-2416页

作者： Feng-Yong Liu Xin Li Hong-Jun Yuan Yang Guan Mao-Qiang Wang Department of Interventional Radiology Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital Beijing 100853 China

Background： The diagnosis and treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） play a vital role in the prognosis of patients with HCC. The purpose of our study was to evaluate anglo-computed tomography （angio-CT）-guided immediate lipiodol CT （a CT scan performed immediately after transarterial chemoembolization [TACE]） in the diagnosis of potential HCCs ≤1 cm in diameter. Methods： This study retrospectively analyzed 31 patients diagnosed with HCCs after routine imaging （contrast-enhanced CT or magnetic resonance imaging） or pathologic examinations with undefined or undetermined tumor lesions （diameter 〈1 cm） from February 2016 to September 2016. After TACE guided by digital subtraction angiography of the angio-CT system, potential HCC lesions with a diameter ≤1 cm were diagnosed by immediate lipiodol CT. The number of well-demarcated lesions was recorded to calculate the true positive rate. The correlation between the number of small HCCs detected by immediate lipiodol CT and the size of HCC lesions （diameter 〉1 cm） diagnosed preoperatively was analyzed 1 month after TACE. A paired t-test was used to analyze differences in liver function. Pearson analysis was used to analyze correlation. Chi-square test was used to compare the rates. Results： Fifty-eight lesions were detected on preoperative routine imaging examinations in 31 patients including 15 lesions with a diameter ≤ 1 cm. Ninety-one lesions were detected on immediate lipiodol CT, of which 48 had a diameter ≤ 1 cm. After 1 month, CT showed that 45 lesions had lipiodol deposition and three lesions had lipiodol clearance. Correlation analysis showed that the number of small HCCs detected by lipiodol CT was positively correlated with the size of HCC lesions diagnosed by conventional imaging examination （R^2 - 0.54, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： Immediate lipiodol CT may be a useful tool in the diagnosis of potential HCC lesions with a diameter of ≤1 cm.

关键词： Chemoembolization Diagnostic imaging Hepatocellular Carcinoma Lipiodol Computed Tomograph Liver Neoplasms Therapeutic

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Percutaneous kidney stone surgery and radiation exposure: A review

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Asian Journal of Urology 2020年第1期7卷 10-17页

作者： Bohdan Baralo Patrick Samson David Hoenig Arthur Smith Urology Department National Pirogov Memorial Medical UniversityVinnytsyaUkraine Department of Urology Smith Institute for UrologyNorthwell HealthNew Hyde ParkNYUSA

During the past 3 decades,radiation exposure(RE)has increased drastically among patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL),thus potentially causing new cases of cancer each year.The effective dose received by patients comes from pre-and postoperative computed tomography(CT)and intraoperative fluoroscopy(FL).We reviewed literature to find novel techniques and approaches that help to decrease RE of patients and personnel.We performed PubMed search using keywords percutaneous nephrolithotomy,intraoperative fluoroscopy,radiation exposure,imaging,percutaneous access,ultrasound,computed tomography,endoscopy,reconstruction,innovations,and augmented reality.Forty-four relevant articles were included in this review.As much as 20%of patients with first diagnosed urolithiasis exceed background RE level almost 17-fold.For diagnosing purposes using low-dose and ultra-low-dose CT,as well as low-dose dual energy scan protocols can be efficient ways to decrease RE while maintaining decent accuracy.Patients with urinary stones can be effectively monitored with digital tomosynthesis,ultrasound alone or ultrasound combined with plain film of the abdomen.Percutaneous access(PCA)into the kidney can be performed with reduced or even no RE,using novel PCA methods.REs from conventional imaging techniques during diagnosis and treatment increase probability of non-stochastic radiation effects.Urologists should be aware of protocols that decrease RE from CT and FL in diagnosis and management of urinary stones.Consideration of recently developed imaging modalities and PCA techniques will also aid in adherence to the“as low as reasonably achievable”principle.

关键词： PCNL Urolithiasis Reduction of radiation exposure Percutaneous kidney access Diagnostic imaging Training

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Radiomics approach for preoperative identification of stages Ⅰ-Ⅱand Ⅲ-Ⅳ of esophageal cancer

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2018年第4期30卷 396-405页

作者： Lei WU Cong Wang Xianzheng Tan Zixuan Cheng Ke Zhao Lifen Yan Yanli Liang Zaiyi Liu Changhong Liang School of Medicine South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China Department of Radiology Guangdong General HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou 510080 China School of Automation Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China

Objective： To predict preoperative staging using a radiomics approach based on computed tomography （CT）images of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC）.Methods： This retrospective study included 154 patients （primary cohort： n： t 14; validation cohort： n：40） withpathologically confirmed ESCC. All patients underwent a preoperative CT scan from the neck to abdomen. Highthroughput and quantitative radiomics features were extracted from the CT images for each patient. A radiomicssignature was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator （Lasso）. Associations betweenradiomics signature, tumor volume and ESCC staging were explored. diagnostic performance of radiomicsapproach and tumor volume for discriminating between stages Ⅰ-Ⅱand Ⅲ-Ⅳ was evaluated and compared usingthe receiver operating characteristics （ROC） curves and net reclassification improvement （NRI）.Results= A total of 9,790 radiomics features were extracted. Ten features were selected to build a radiomicssignature after feature dimension reduction. The radiomics signature was significantly associated with ESCCstaging （P〈0.001）, and yielded a better performance for discrimination of early and advanced stage ESCC comparedto tumor volume in both the primary [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve （AUC）： 0.795 vs. 0.694,P=0.003; NRI=0.424）] and validation cohorts （AUC： 0.762 vs. 0.624, P=0.035; NRI=0.834）.Conclusions： The quantitative approach has the potential to identify stage Ⅰ-Ⅱand Ⅲ-Ⅳ ESCC beforetreatment.

关键词： Esophageal cancer tumor staging Diagnostic imaging tumor volume

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