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Individual variability in life-history traits drives population size stability

Current Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 358-362页

作者： Ned A. DOCHTERMANN C. M. GIENGER Department of Biology Umverslty of Nevada Reno NV 89557 USA Department of Biology and Center of Excellence for Field Biology Austin Peay State University Clarksville TN 37044 USA

Understanding how population sizes vary over time is a key aspect of ecological research. Unfortunately, our under- standing of population dynamics has historically been based on an assumption that individuals are identical with homogenous life-history properties. This assumption is certainly false for most natural systems, raising the question of what role individual variation plays in the dynamics of populations. While there has been an increase of interest regarding the effects of within popula- tion variation on the dynamics of single populations, there has been little study of the effects of differences in within population variation on patterns observed across populations. We found that life-history differences （clutch size） among individuals ex- plained the majority of the variation observed in the degree to which population sizes of eastern fence lizards Sceloporus undula- tus fluctuated. This finding suggests that differences across populations cannot be understood without an examination of differences at the level of a system rather than at the level of the individual

关键词： Individual variation Population size variability Ecological stability demographic stochasticity demographic heterogeneity Sceloporus undulatus

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A study on population dynamics in“Belt&Road”countries and their implications

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China Population and Development Studies 2018年第2期2卷 158-172页

作者： Mengni Chen Paul S.F.Yip Department of Social Work and Social Administration The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong Wittgenstein Centre(IIASA VID/ÖAWWU)Vienna University of Economics and Business(WU)Welthandelsplatz2Level 21020 ViennaAustria

China’s Belt&Road(“B&R”)initiative has attracted much attention in recent *** studies have assessed the potential impacts of this initiative from the economic,political,foreign relations,and military ***,very little attention has been paid to examine the opportunities and challenges of this new initiative from a demographic ***,this study investigates into the population dynamics of 65 countries in the B&R region,and explores the demographic dynamics of this regional cooperation *** on graphic visualization,the demographic heterogeneities within the B&R region,in terms of current stages of demographic transitions,population age structure,and demographic windows of opportunities have been ***,a model-based cluster analysis has been conducted to classify the B&R countries into two *** group consists of countries with younger population,low education access,and larger gender gap in the labor market,while the other group comprises of more aged population and has better performances in economic development,education enrolment,and female labor *** demographic windows of opportunities in the former group will remain open for the coming decades;whereas the windows have already closed or is about to close very soon in the latter *** former group should take lessons from the latter concerning how to better prepare themselves for the demographic ***,the curvilinear relationship between wealth and well-being has a complicated structure and the B&R initiative should focus not only on economic development but also on the human well-being.

关键词： Belt and road initiative Population dynamics demographic heterogeneity Economic development Well-being

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