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STATUS QUO & DRIVING MECHANISM OF desertification IN THE NORTH TIBETAN PLATEAU

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Natural Disaster Reduction in China 2002年第3期 29-35页

作者： Dong Yuxiang (Department of Geography, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China)

The North Tibetan Plateau, the main body of the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau which is one of China’s three major distribution areas of desertification, is an important area for studying the process and mechanism of desertification. The article gives a detailed analysis of the status quo of desertification in the North Tibetan Plateau (hereinafter referred to as "the Plateau") in terms of desertification type, area and distribution, and presents a quantitative as well as qualitative discussion of the principal factors and driving mechanism of desertification in the area in current times. It concludes that desertification in the region, which is large in area, diverse in type, widely distributed and disastrous, is the result of the combined action of natural and human factors, wherein climatic change is the primary driving force.

关键词： North Tibetan Plateau desertification driving force

Changes in plant species composition and diversity of alpine Kobresia (Kobresia pygmaea) steppe meadow at different stages of desertification in the North Tibetan plateau

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2009年第1期1卷 71-79页

作者： XingHu Wei Ping Yang Sen Li YuXiang Dong ChunLai Zhang Department of Resources and Environmental of Foshan University FoshanGuangdong 528000China Resources and Environmental Bureau Chinese Academy of ScienceLanzhouGansu 730000China Department of Geography of Zhongshan University GuangzhouGuangdong 510275China Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875China.

The impacts of desertification on the vegetation composition, structure, and species diversity of alpine Kobresia steppe meadow were evaluated in an area of severe desertification in Anduo County, Tibet Autonomous Region, northern China. We investigated and analyzed the floristic features of communities at four different stages of desertification (slight desertification [SLD], moderate desertification [MD], severe desertification [SD], and very severe desertification [VSD]). The composition and structure of the alpine Kobresia steppe meadow at the SLD site differed significantly from that at the MD, SD, and VSD sites. Species that were more drought resistant and inedible by livestock were the dominant species at the SD site. No plants were found in the shifting dunes of the VSD site. Species diversity also decreased with increasing desertification. The SLD site had the largest mean number of species and individuals and the largest richness index; the MD grassland had the largest Shannon-Wiener index and evenness index, but the smallest Simpson’s index. The vegetation cover declined from 91.8% to 34.8% as desertification increased from SLD to SD, and reached 0% in VSD areas with shifting dunes.

关键词： desertification alpine Kobresia steppe meadow diversity Tibet China

Can Biochar Couple with Algae to Deal with desertification?

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2014年第3期4卷 194-198页

作者： Xiangang Meng Wenqiao Yuan School of Chemistry and Bioengineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou China Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA

In order to improve man-made biological soil crusts (BSCs) for desertification control and develop value-added utilization of bioenergy byproducts, preliminary experiments were carried out to understand the effect of biochar addition on algae growth in sand. Microcoleus vaginatus was chosen as the model algae and cultivated in sand with various contents of biochar (0%, 2%, 5%, 8%, and 10% weight of sand) that were made by rice hull gasification. Results showed that when the content of biochar in sand was 2%, both algal biomass (indicated by chlorophyll-a content) and the fixed sand weight in the BSC were significantly higher than that of the control (without biochar addition) and other treatments (with >2% biochar additions). Results from this pioneering research indicate that appropriate amount of biochar addition could increase BSC formation in sand under dry conditions and can potentially enhance sand fixation in deserts for desertification control.

关键词： Algae Biochar Biological Soil Crust desertification Sand Fixation

FEATURES OF desertification & IMPORTANCE OF desertification CONTROL IN CHINA

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Natural Disaster Reduction in China 2002年第4期 22-25页

作者： Wu Bo and Lu Qi (China National Research and Development Center for Combating desertification, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China)

As a country seriously afflicted with desertification, China suffers a large area of desert land. Although desertification has been brought under control in certain areas, the whole situation is still deteriorating, which constitutes a great impediment to the harmonious development of population, resources and environment in the desertification afflicted regions, which play a crucial role in the nation’s social economic development and environmental protection. desertification control is of great importance to narrowing the gap between the east and the west, eradicating poverty and boosting the economic development of the desertification affected regions and the whole country.

关键词： desertification development trends strategic importance

Climate Change: Droughts and Increasing desertification in the Middle East, with Special Reference to Iraq

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Engineering（科研） 2022年第7期14卷 235-273页

作者： Nasrat Adamo Nadhir Al-Ansari Varoujan Sissakian Khalid Jehad Fahmi Salwan Ali Abed Stockholm Sweden Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden Management Department University of Kurdistan Hewler Erbil Iraq Consulting Engineering Seismologist SeisEng International Toronto Canada College of Science University of Al-Qadisiyah Diwaniyah Iraq

Climate change impacts on Earth’s atmosphere have caused drastic changes in the environment of most regions of the world. The Middle East region ranks among the worst affected of these regions. This has taken forms of increasing atmospheric temperatures, intensive heat waves, decreased and erratic precipitation and general decline in water resources;all leading to frequent and longer droughts, desertification and giving rise to intensive and recurrent (SDS). The present conditions have led to increasing emissions of (GHG) in the earth atmosphere. All future projections especially those using (IPCC) models and emission scenarios indicate that the Middle East will undergo appreciable decrease in winter precipitation with increasing temperature until the end of this century both of which are inductive to increased dryness and desertification. Iraq as one of the countries of this region and due to its geographical location, its dependence mostly on surface water resources originating from neighboring countries, long years of neglect and bad land management put it in the most precarious and unstable position among the other countries of the region. Modelling studies have shown that Iraq is suffering now from excessive dryness and droughts, increasing loss of vegetation cover areas, increasing encroachment of sand dunes on agricultural lands, in addition to severe and frequent (SDS). These negative repercussions and their mitigations require solutions not on the local level alone but collective cooperation and work from all the countries of the region.

关键词： Climate Change East Mediterranean Region Aridity Indices Droughts desertification Sand and Dust Storms (SDS) Green House Gases (GHG) Intergovermental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC)

The Evolution of a Karst Rocky desertification Land Ecosystem and Its Driving Forces in the Houzhaihe Area, China

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Open Journal of Ecology 2015年第10期5卷 501-512页

作者： Yangbing Li Jing Xie Guangjie Luo Hua Yang Shijie Wang School of Geography and Environmental Science Guizhou Normal University Guiyang China National Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Geochemistry Institute of Chinese Academy of Science Guiyang China

Understanding the evolution of karst rocky desertification (KRD) quantitatively is essential to obtain objective knowledge about the concept of KRD and the form reason of KRD, and is useful to restore KRD land. Houzhaihe area located in central plateau in Guizhou Province was studied here as a representative assemblage landform and its KRD’ s evolution and driving factors were studied, based mainly on high-resolution remote sensing image in 1963, 1978, 2005 and 2010. The KRD land comprises light KRD, moderate KRD and severe KRD. The results demonstrated that the evolution process of KRD can be divided into four modes such as unchanged, weakened, fluctuated and aggravated in the study area. The KRD with no changes from 1963 to 2010, namely, unchanged mode, accounted for 43.76% of the total area of the KRD in 2010;it distributed in the area with the slope of 15° - 25° and >25° basically. Furthermore, the severe KRD distributed mainly in the areas within 300 - 600 m distance from settlement;when the distance away from the rural settlements was more than 900 m, the severe KRD declined, and its proportion was 28.6% and 10.6% in 1963 and 2010 respectively. In the peak-cluster depressions, located in central study area, the slope cropland with slope of 15° - 25° was still abounding, and was seriously rocky desertification generally. So, we propose that the existence of a large number of slope croplands is still the major driving factor of land rocky desertification. Therefore, for the rocky desertification control, the authors consider that the focal point is to alter the land use of steep-slope cropland at present.

关键词： Karst Rocky desertification Evolution Driving Mechanism Central Plateau in Guizhou

Ecological Restoration Technology and Benefit Assessment of Karst Rocky desertification Mountains in Xixiu District of Anshun City

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Asian Agricultural Research 2019年第4期11卷 40-45页

作者： Li LAI Ying PENG Yujie LIU Hongwei XING Chongqing Huayu Horticulture Engineering Co. Ltd. Chongqing Technology and Business University

Ecological restoration refers to the containment of soil erosion,restoration of water conservation,climate regulation,maintenance of ecological functions of biodiversity,and improvement of ecological environment and landscape pattern based on self-repairing capacity of the nature and combined with appropriate artificial measures. Since the natural restoration process of karst desertification mountain is very long,it needs to be supplemented by artificial vegetation restoration. This paper introduced the ecological restoration technologies implemented in karst rocky desertification mountains in Xixiu District,Anshun City of Guizhou Province,and also introduced the afforestation tending management measures. It assessed the ecological benefits of the ecological restoration project from five aspects: mountain community characteristics,vegetation coverage,species diversity,afforestation survival rate and landscape effect.

关键词： Karst rocky desertification mountains Ecological restoration Technical measures Benefit assessment Xixiu District of Anhui City in Guizhou Province

Evaluation of desertification Processes in SeridóRegion (NE Brazil)

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International Journal of Geosciences 2013年第5期4卷 12-17页

作者： Reinaldo Antonio Petta Leila Vespoli de Carvalho Stefan Erasmi Charles Jones Department of Geology Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Brazil Fakultä t für Geowissenschaften und Geographie Geography Department University California Santa Barbara

This paper outlines procedures to analyze the desertification processes in the semi-arid Seridó Region (NE Brazil). Using the Geosystem theory, the detection of desertification areas was based on environmental indices, digital image processing in multispectral analysis and Geographic Information System (GIS).The first step was to treat the rainfall data and NDVI satellite Modis, aiming at identifying areas which do not present vegetation cover, even during the rainy *** second step was to work on a regional scale using Landsat ETM + images (2000-2005) and data collected in the field, as the evaluations of exposed surfaces, that together with MDT/SRTM-NASA and thematic maps, allowed to classify the altitude and slope of the relief, soils type, different morphologies and geology, and correlate them with the areas susceptible to desertification process. The integration of the georeferenced data, related to these indicators, allowed the identification of five different levels of susceptibility to desertification (very high, high, moderate, low and very low), and the geographic domain of each class. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of the vegetation cover, we can establish that the main results refer that there is a decrease of the biomass at the region, associated with the dense caatinga vegetation areas, but more important, with the scrub and degraded areas.

关键词： desertification Caatinga MODIS Landsat NDVI Seridó Brazil

An Inspiring Triumph Ethiopia can learn from China’s reversing desertification and promoting a green future

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ChinAfrica 2023年第11期15卷 56-57页

作者： ABREHAM AREBE TOLA China Agricultural University

Minqin County,located in the arid Gansu Province of northwest China,has a remarkable story of hope and *** residents of the region faced challenges due to the unrelenting expansion of desertification,which led to the degradation of their *** to fight against the invading sand,the people of Minqin embarked on a great journey to reclaim their land from the desert and prevent the sand dune *** the rapid desertification and land degradation that Minqin was facing,with unfaltering determination and well-implemented strategies,it has emerged as a shining example of how countries facing similar environmental issues,such as Ethiopia,can tackle ***’s desertification drive rests on its commitment to reverse the adverse impacts of desert expansion through afforestation.

关键词： desertification rests northwest