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闽江水体和生物体中六六六和滴滴涕污染特征和来源解析

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生态环境学报 2016年第3期25卷 482-488页

作者：黄幸然吴旺旺胡宝叶易志刚福建农林大学资源与环境学院福建福州350002

六六六(HCHs)和滴滴涕(ddts)是一类难降解的环境污染物,可在生物体内蓄积并通过食物链传递,对生态环境及人体健康造成严重威胁。以闽江下游河段水体(壁头到草霞洲)和14种生物体为研究对象,使用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-μECD)测量了... 详细信息

六六六(HCHs)和滴滴涕(ddts)是一类难降解的环境污染物,可在生物体内蓄积并通过食物链传递,对生态环境及人体健康造成严重威胁。以闽江下游河段水体(壁头到草霞洲)和14种生物体为研究对象,使用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-μECD)测量了其HCHs和ddts残留量,并进行了组成特征和来源分析。结果表明:该河段水体∑HCHs和∑ddts质量浓度范围分别为1.031~1.804和0.767~1.156 ng·L^(-1),低于国家《地表水环境质量标准》,且壁头高于草霞洲。两个采样点∑HCHs浓度表现为表层水高于深层水,溶解相高于颗粒相;∑ddts浓度表现为表层水低于深层水,颗粒相高于溶解相。生物体中,HCHs质量分数为0.725~5.574 ng·g^(-1),以β-HCH为主,占27.8%~62.6%;ddts质量分数为2.266~9.189 ng·g^(-1),以p,p'-DDT为主,占14.9%~43.6%。闽江生物体中残留量和生物富集系数ddts高于HCHs,且均是鱼类>蟹类>沼虾类。其中,白条钝鰕虎鱼最大,白鲫鱼最低。HCHs和ddts组成特征表明,闽江水体和生物体中α-HCH/γ-HCH比值分别为0.891~1.104和0.416~3.871,低于工业HCHs中α-HCH/γ-HCH比值,说明闽江HCHs主要来源于林丹的使用;而闽江水体和生物体中o,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDT比值分别为0.434~0.739和0.396~1.543,高于工业ddts中o,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDT比值,说明闽江ddts主要来源于历史残留,且可能存在三氯杀螨醇的输入。虽然闽江水体和生物体中HCHs和ddts残留量相对较低,但由于其具有高生物富集性等特征,仍需对其加强监测,以保证闽江流域环境及水产品安全。

关键词： HCHs ddts 闽江残留富集来源

Topsoil dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations and sources along an urban-rural gradient in the Yellow River Delta

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第9期24卷 1655-1661页

作者： Wenjun Xie Aiping Chen Jianyong Li Qing Liu Hongjun Yang Tao Wu Zhaohua Lu Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta Binzhou University Binzhou 256603 China. Institute of Restoration Ecology China University of Mining and Technology Beijing 100083 China Jinan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Jinan 250000 China

The Yellow River Delta （YRD） is a typical agricultural and petrochemical industrial area of China. To assess the current status of soil dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane （DDT） and polychlorinated biphenyls （PCB） residues, topsoil samples （0-15 cm）（n = 82） were collected in Bincheng District, at the geographic center of the YRD. The total concentrations of six DDT homologues were within 3.3-3819 ~tg/kg, with a mean concentration of 191 ~tg/kg, showing significant increase along urban-rural gradient. Soil concentrations of seven indicator PCBs in the area ranged from non-detectable to 87.0 ~g/kg, dominated by heavily chlorinated PCBs （PCB-101 and -118）. Soil PCBs concentrations were significantly greater in urban than suburban and rural areas. Principal component and multiple linear regression analysis suggest that 86.4% of soil ddts originate from past DDT usage, and 13.6% originate from dicofol application. Soil PCBs most likely originate from the petrochemical industry （77.1%）, municipal solid waste disposal （16.5%）, local commercial PCB homologues usage （5.2%）, and long-range atmospheric deposition （1.2%）. In general, soil ddts pollution was classified as low level, and mean PCBs concentrations were below the severe contamination classification range. Because PCB-118 is a dioxin-like congener, monitoring and remediation is advised to assess and reduce negative environmental and human health effects from soil ddts and dioxin-like congeners in the study area.

关键词： ddts PCBs Yellow River Delta source apportionment risk assessment

Could gingko foliage serve as a bio-monitor for organochlorine pesticides in air?

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Science China Chemistry 2008年第11期51卷 1093-1101页

作者： DAI TianYou ZHU XiaoHua MENG Wei YU YunJiang WANG Wei LI FaSheng LIU Feng YANG YongLiang WU DaNian Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012China National Research Center of Geo-analysis Beijing 100037China Qingdao University Qingdao 266071China

The feasibility of gingko (Gingo Biloba) foliage as a passive bio-monitor for organochlorine pesticides in air was explored. The accumulation patterns of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyl- trichloroethanes (ddts) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in gingko foliage were similar; the amounts of HCHs, ddts and HCB increased with foliage growth in spring and decreased thereafter. This accumu-lation pattern is likely related to the growing process of the gingko foliage, which was observed for the first time in our work, giving a piece of evidence for the "bud burst effect" in plants. Compared with those in pine needles in 1980's, the residual levels of HCHs and ddts have declined obviously in Bei-jing, indicating that the ban on the production and use of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in our country is effective; however, the amount of HCB has increased, indicating great progress of chemical industry in Beijing. The analysis for the source of OCPs in the gingko foliage showed that the technical HCHs and ddts were used largely in history, but were not used in recent years. A little lidane has been used and there was a new input of o,p′-DDT in recent years; dicofol usage may be the main source of o,p′-DDT. Concentrations of HCHs, ddts and HCB in gingko foliages were similar to those in pine nee-dles in the corresponding period and there is a strong positive correlation between the OCPs concen-tration data obtained from these two kinds of trees. It presents no difference in the accumulation style between these two kinds of trees. The level of OCPs in the gingko foliage reflects the pollution status of OCP in air. The result of this work shows that the gingko foliage can be used as a bio-monitor of OCPs in air.

关键词： bio-monitor HCHs ddts HCB gingko foliage bud burst effect

Study of DDT and its derivatives DDD, DDE adsorption and degradation over Fe-SBA-15 at low temperature

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第3期24卷 536-540页

作者： Hailin Wang Hua Tian Zhengping Hao Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Mesoporous SBA-15 with different Fe2O3 loading were synthesized by an in-situ coating progress for removals of dichlorodiphenyl- trichloroethane （DDT） and its derivatives, i.e., 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-（p-chlorophenyl）ethane （DDD） and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-（4-chloro -phenyl） ethane （DDE）. The results from XRD （X-ray diffractometer）, TEM （transmission electron microscopy） indicated that the iron could be well dispersed on SBA-15 within 6 wt.% Fe2O3 loading. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption tests indicated that the synthesized materials were characterized by ordered meso-structure, high surface area and large pore volume. ddts were removed from aqueous media in 12-hr treatment and high removal efficiency of ddts was achieved at over 94%. ddts could be completely degraded at 350°C under the existence of SBA-15 with 4 wt.% Fe2O3 loading. The final degradation products of DDT were dichlorobenzophenone （DCB） and bis-（4-chloro-phenyl） methane （DDM）, suggesting a complete dechlorination from trichloromethyl.

关键词： ddts SBA-15 iron adsorption catalytic dechlorination

温度和停留时间对DDT污染土壤热脱附效果的影响

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环境工程 2012年第1期30卷 116-120页

作者：王瑛李扬黄启飞张增强中国环境科学研究院北京100012 西北农林科技大学陕西杨凌712100

采用热处理方法分别对自配DDT及其衍生物(ddts,包括p,p'-DDT、o,p'-DDT、p,p'-DDD和p,p'-DDE)污染土壤在5个温度(100,200,300,400,500℃),6个停留时间(5,10,20,30,40,50 min)下的ddts去除率及热处理前后的ddts残留浓度变化进行了研究。研究结果表明:热脱附对ddts污染土壤修复效果显著。当温度达到300℃以上时,热脱附技术的优势开始显现。300℃下40 min时的ddts去除率与400℃及500℃处理10 min时相当,均能达到97%以上。对热处理前后土壤中ddts的残留浓度进行检测,结果表明:土壤中的主要污染成分p,p'-DDT在200℃以上时大量减少,主要转化为p,p'-DDE。p,p'-DDE在200～300℃时大量生成,400～500℃被去除。根据能耗分析结果得出较佳热处理条件为400℃,10 min。

关键词：温度停留时间热脱附土壤修复 ddts

Heavy metals,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides in the surface sediments of mangrove swamps from coastal sites along the Leizhou Peninsula,South China

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2008年第1期27卷 42-53页

作者： TANG Yijie FANG Zhanqiang YU Shixiao State Key Labrabory of Biocontrol Department of Ecology School of Life Science Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou512075 China School of Life Science South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 China Department of Biology Guangdong Education Institute Guangzhou 510303 China

Contents of heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PA Hs）, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes （ddts） and hexachlorcy- clohexanes （HCHs） in surface sediments from mangrove areas of the Leizhou Peninsula were analyzed in July and November 2005. Risk assessment criteria applied by Long E R et al. （1995） and Long E D et al. （1995）（effects range low, ERL; effects range mean, ERM） of chemicals in sediments from the gulf or estuary were used to assess the potential ecological risks of heavy metals, PAHs, ddts and HCHs to aquatic organisms in the studied area. The results indicated that the average contents of zinc, nickel, chromium, lead, copper, arsenic and mercury were （61.97 ± 55.87）, （59.99 ± 39.01 ）, （47.93 ± 28.37）, （26.64± 13.00） , （23.45 ± 41.96）, （9.32 ± 3.62）, （0.14 ± 0.18） mg/kg in dry weight in the sediment samples col- lected from five studied sites in the Leizhou Peninsula, respectively. Cadmium was not calculated due to its content being below the detection limit （〈 0.3 mg,/kg）. The average levels of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg exceed their background values. The average contents of Ni were higher than ERM. The contents of PAHs in the sediments from the five studied sites were （79.78 ± 43.70） ng/g in dry weight, far lower than ERL（4 022 ng/g）. The contents of DDE, DDD and ddts in the sediments from five studied sites were （2.60 ± 4.68）, （ 17.52 ± 27.25 ）, （27.78 ± 46.64） ng/g in dry weight respectively, clearly higher than ERL, and the average contents of DDT were （7.66 ± 15.93） ng/g in dry weight, much higher than ERM. HCHs could be detected in the sediments only from Gaoqiao sampling site, with the average contents （0.07 ± 0.08） ng/g in dry weight.

关键词： sediment mangrove swamps heavy metals PAHs ddts HCHs

珠江口14种习见水生动物体内滴滴涕含量的测定与评价

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天津农业科学 2014年第1期20卷 33-39页

作者：安东秦春艳方展强周海云广东珠海淇澳-担杆岛省级自然保护区管理处广东珠海519080 华南师范大学生命科学学院广东广州510631 中山大学测试中心广东广州510275

对珠江口伶仃洋海域14种习见鱼类、甲壳类、双壳类和头足类动物体内的有机氯农药滴滴涕(ddts)的含量进行测定。结果显示,在各种生物体内共检测出ddts的6种同分异构体p,p-DDT、p,p-DDD、p,p-DDE、o,p-DDT、o,p-DDD和o,pDDE,其浓度范围分... 详细信息

对珠江口伶仃洋海域14种习见鱼类、甲壳类、双壳类和头足类动物体内的有机氯农药滴滴涕(ddts)的含量进行测定。结果显示,在各种生物体内共检测出ddts的6种同分异构体p,p-DDT、p,p-DDD、p,p-DDE、o,p-DDT、o,p-DDD和o,pDDE,其浓度范围分别是0.11~147.29,ND^165.37,0.22 45.85,ND^16.21,ND^12.71,ND^30.68 ng·g-1干质量,ddts浓度范围是0.33~394.38 ng·g-1干质量。ddts在10种鱼类体内的平均含量为133.27 ng·g-1干质量,其含量高低顺序为:斑鰶≥梭鱼≥蓝圆鲹≥七丝鲚≥长蛇鲻≥棘头梅童鱼≥鯻鱼≥斑鲆≥孔鰕虎鱼≥黄斑蓝子鱼。甲壳类体内仅检测到p,p-DDT、p,p-DDD、p,pDDE和o,p-DDT,其浓度分别为0.81,1.08,2.17,1.45 ng·g-1干质量,ddts的含量为5.51 ng·g-1干质量。两种双壳类体内p,pDDT含量最高,分别为52.17,75.61 ng·g-1干质量,ddts在双壳类体内的平均含量为175.77 ng·g-1干质量。头足类体内只检测到p,p-DDT和p,p-DDE,含量分别为0.11,0.22 ng·g-1干质量,ddts含量最低,仅为0.33 ng·g-1干质量。研究结果还表明,斑鰶、梭鱼和翡翠贻贝体内ddts含量超过了国家规定的安全食用标准(ddts≤1 mg·kg-1),应引起相关部门的关注。

关键词：水生动物 ddts 含量和评价珠江口

广东红海湾海域银杏齿喙鲸体组织中DDT含量的分布特征与污染评价

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南方水产 2009年第3期5卷 15-22页

作者：刘会甘居利贾晓平农业部海水养殖生态与质量控制重点开放实验室广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室农业部南海渔业资源环境重点野外科学观测试验站中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所广东广州510300 上海海洋大学海洋学院上海201306

采用Agilent6890N型气相色谱仪,DB-1701型毛细管气相色谱柱(30m×0.32mm×0.25μm)和63Ni放射源-μECD检测器,测定了搁浅于广东红海湾的银杏齿喙鲸(Mesoplodon ginkgodens)的8种组织中∑DDT(pp′-DDT、pp′-DDE、pp′-DDD和op-DDT)含量。结果表明,该鲸不同组织中的∑DDT含量范围为15.2～177.1μ***-1(湿重),其高低顺序为鲸脂>肝脏>胃>心脏>肾脏>肌肉>胰>肺,不同组织中的∑DDT含量与其组织中的脂肪含量呈显著正相关(R=0.9968,P<0.01)。与国外文献报道的数据比较,所分析的鲸脂中∑DDT含量相对较低,尚未达到造成生理危害的水平。DDE/∑DDT和pp′-DDT/op-DDT的平均比值分别为0.27和5.7,据此推测可能有新的DDT输入此鲸栖息海域,主要来源可能是含DDT化学品的使用和环境中残留DDT的重新释放。

关键词： ddts 银杏齿喙鲸红海湾

根际促生菌及木质素对持久性有机污染土壤修复的调控和酶活性的影响

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生态学杂志 2018年第6期37卷 1807-1814页

作者：郑学昊孙丽娜刘克斌孙家君王晓旭郑佳玉马欣雨张鸿龄王辉区域污染环境生态修复教育部重点实验室(沈阳大学) 沈阳110044 沈阳大学环境学院沈阳110044 中国科学院过程工程研究所北京100190

近年来,持久性有机污染物对农田污染状况加剧,对人类食品安全和身体健康造成严重威胁。本实验以温室蔬菜基地中老化的有机污染土壤为目标,选取了ddts和PAHs两种典型持久性有机污染物为去除对象,运用原位实验,研究了不同调控措施对有机... 详细信息

近年来,持久性有机污染物对农田污染状况加剧,对人类食品安全和身体健康造成严重威胁。本实验以温室蔬菜基地中老化的有机污染土壤为目标,选取了ddts和PAHs两种典型持久性有机污染物为去除对象,运用原位实验,研究了不同调控措施对有机污染土壤的修复效果及土壤酶活性的变化情况,并对污染物去除率与酶活性变化进行了相关性分析。结果表明,根际促生菌和木质素共同调控下的鼠李糖脂强化植物-微生物联合修复方法对有机污染物的去除效果最好,ddts去除率为27.48%,PAHs去除率为53.26%;修复结束后,土壤多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶均被激活,激活程度表现为过氧化氢酶>多酚氧化酶,磷酸酶活性被抑制,使用Pearson双变量法对土壤酶活性与污染物去除率进行统计学分析发现,多酚氧化酶、磷酸酶与ddts和PAHs去除率存在较好相关性,因此可以将这两种酶活性定义为修复过程中的一项微生态指标。

关键词： ddts PAHs 去除率土壤酶活性相关性分析微生态指标